 Hello all, welcome to my channel. In this upcoming series of videos, I am going to explain the stories behind the pioneers of public health. The first in the list is Sir Ronald Ross, a British physician who got Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in the year 1902. Before explaining about Sir Ronald Ross and his contributions, let us look into the list of Nobel laureates from India. This is the list of five Nobel laureates who were citizens of India when they received Nobel Prize. They are Rabindranath Thakur, C. V. Raman, Mother Theresa, Amatsya Sen, Kailash Adhyatri. There are two lists here. The list on the right is the list of Nobel laureates who were born in India and changed their situations before receiving the Nobel Prize. On the left is the list of people who were either born or residing in India while receiving Nobel Prize. The first in this list is Sir Ronald Ross. About him we are going to discuss in this video. We all know Nobel Prize was initiated from the year 1901. Sir Ronald Ross is the second person to receive Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902. For his discovery of transmission of malaria by Anophilus Mosquito in 1897. The day he made his discovery is commemorated as World Mosquito Day i.e. August 20. In fact, he was the first person to receive Nobel Prize being born from outside Europe and also the first British Nobel Laureate. Ronald Ross was born in Almora, India as the eldest of 10 children of Sir Campbell Clay Grand Ross who was working as an Army General in British Indian Army. He moved to Britain with his aunt at the age of 8 and continued his schooling. He was passionate with poetry, music, literature and mathematics. He wanted to become a writer. But his father asked him to join a medical college. He joined the medical school in 1874. He focused on music and writing during his course. Without full interest, he completed medicine. Immediately after his completion of medicine, he entered Indian Medical Service in 1981. He worked in various places from Chennai, then Madras, Burma, Balochistan, Andaman Islands, Bangalore and 2nd Rabat. His career was not interesting and meaningful before he met his mentor Sir Patrick Manson in the year 1894. The man behind the discovery of life cycle of malaria assist, mosquito malaria theory and now widely recognized as father of tropical medicine. The scientific names such as Mansonites, Mansonia are named after him. Based on the ideas given by Sir Patrick Manson, Sir Ronald Ross returned to India and continued his research in malaria. In 1895, he identified the early stages of parasite in adult mosquito. In 1897, he made the landmark discovery with infecting the mosquitoes after feeding of blood from infected person. When Nobel Prize was awarded in 1902, it was awarded to Italian physician Battista Gracie and Ronald Ross for their works in malaria. Battista Gracie was the first to describe and establish the life cycle of human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and discovered that only female anaphylene mosquitoes are capable of transmitting the disease. These other contributions were discovering the life cycle of human dwarf tapeworm and drone worm. But Ronald Ross launched a fraudulent campaign against Battista Gracie and Nobel committee appointed Robert Koch as neutral orbiter. He threw full weightage to Ronald Ross for receiving Nobel Prize in 1902. Sir Ronald Ross continued his work in Kalazhar and mathematical modeling for epidemiology of malaria which were not successful. In 1926, he became director-in-chief of the Ross Institute on Hospital for Tropical Diseases and continued as director-in-chief till his death. In India, he is celebrated not only as a pioneer in parasitology but also as a pioneer in public health. Many institutes, memorials, roads in India are named after him and sings his praise as beautiful as his poems and music which he wanted to compose during his childhood. Unarguably, he remains as a pioneer of public health.