 In language learning, we need to know the elements, factors and components of language that what elements are making a language, how can we learn language by getting the knowledge of the components of language and components of language are very important because every language is comprised of some elements or some phases, some parts. So unless you understand these phases or components, you cannot get mastery over any language. So in these components, first of all, phoneme is a basic unit of phonology. Phonic, like the phonic word comes in front of our mind for an hour, which we call sound. You may get the idea of sound. So this means that when you learn a language, the second language, English, I know that we teach it with sound, with a word, with vowels, and with alphabets, how this alphabet is sounding that a, b, s, c, k, we are teaching it with sound. Phoneme means that this phonology is the component of the language and this sound, as you can see now, is our cultural signs and symbols or some sounds, through which we are communicating with someone else and when there is pain, it sounds different or when there is happiness, the people are, you know, smiling, laughing and they are producing different voices and in the same way, in the sadness, people are producing different voices. So alphabets, which are of any language, when we introduce the sound to the child, basically the first step is the introduction of how they get awareness from the sound. If you know the sound, then you will pronounce any word that is of any language because if you are not understanding, now look, it's like a ceiling fan, so the ceiling fan is with the sea or someone has pronounced it on the child, now he is reading the ceiling fan, the ceiling fan is also with the child, for example, there is a knot, now there is a knot or a night, so since the K is coming with it, it is not silent, it is called a night, so this means that the sound is very important, because of the sound, you know the word of any language very well and then you travel to its meaning, so this is actually giving the concept of sound in any language and phonemes match up to the sounds of the alphabets, although there is not always a one-to-one connection between a letter and a phoneme. Now, for example, there is a shape, there is a cat, there are three phonemes in it, cat, cat, cat, so three phonemes mean that this cat is made of three phonemes, three sounds are coming, cat, if we talk about shape with it, then there are three phonemes in shape, although there are five letters in it, but if we look at the shape here, then the sound is coming from the shape, it is coming from the shape, it is coming from the shape, you are stopping it at the end, so three phonemes are making it, although the letters are its five, so this means that it is not necessary that there will be five letters, so there will be five phonemes, the letter means that your letters can be more, but its sound, how it is working in phoneme, it is a different matter, that is the concept English language has around 45 different phonemes, so English language has 45 phonemes, which are used differently, i.e. according to words and according to its spelling and according to alphabets, so with these two examples, what I have explained is that phoneme and letters have a connection, but the exact amount of letters or the exact amount of phonemes is not essential. After that, phonology comes, phonology is a study of verbal communication, structure within the language is non-the phonology, how do you structure the word, make it, a dialogue that you prepare to say it, so this phonology gives all this information, the smallest unit of sound to form a little language is called the phoneme, phoneme is a part of the phonology, which we have discussed and we have seen that it is describing the use of a sound language, so it is the smallest unit of the phonology and for example cat, I have given you already the example, contains three phonemes, phonology describes the way sounds function within a language to encode the meaning, phonology is to expose the meaning of any word, the sound used, how to convey a meaning with a sound, this whole phenomenon is the name of a whole study and phoneme adds that sound. After this, phonetics belongs to descriptive linguistic and phonology belongs to theoretical linguistic. Phonetics is described and phonology is a theoretical part, what is theory to learn a language, behind learning a language, the main concept of language is to learn a language or an English language, so what should we do first, what is theory, should we learn grammar first or directly communicate, as Gora is saying, we do not understand the meaning of a lot of things, but we start communicating with it, so we also come to speak English, but when it comes to writing, we do not get grammar, so we cannot write, so that is why he is saying that the theoretical part deals with phenomenology and the descriptive part deals with phonetics, that is the difference between phonetics and phenomenology, so phonemes and phenomenology are very important component of the language and they basically discuss and they study the soundness or the structure to just make sound in order, words to make in order to produce sound, that is actually these two components are describing.