 Climate change is what you didn't anticipate when you planted that seed. Climate change is whether you're going to have an early drought or whether you're going to have an early flood and whether you're ready for it. And the problem is that you couldn't have known that when you planted that seed. If you think about the impact of rice on greenhouse gas emissions, whether it's CO2 or methane, it contributes a significant portion to those numbers Driving and impacting climate change would ultimately end up impacting the crop. We need to be able to increase the productivity of the systems as well as address climate. If we combine direct heating rice with AWD or maybe even perennial rice, we can reduce methane emissions. That leaves us with very significant remaining challenges that we're all faced with now as we contemplate climate change. And that's simply because climate change requires dynamic thinking. IRC gave us the opportunity to learn from different various scientists all across the globe who are working on climate change mitigation strategies. But now many other areas discover how they contribute to the climate change mitigation agenda. Most of the developing countries, they are facing many challenges like population growth. Climate change is very challenging. So the message is we have to act now, not tomorrow in doing some mitigation strategies in all of our cropping systems and in all agricultural sector. The pandemic has brought challenges and uncertainties in our research, but IRC kept moving forward, proposing new projects together with the private sector and utilizing cutting-edge technologies. Addressing climate change has evolved into a more interdisciplinary effort. So DSR, for example, is very prominently featured at this IRC and has a strong mitigation potential. But also at the hybrid rice symposium, we have many talks about greenhouse gas emissions and how hybrids can play a role in climate change mitigation. To address different aspects and challenges of climate change through promoting cloud market projects. It definitely gave us new perspectives and new ideas as to how we can go back and apply it. So our role is to make sure that technology is not only confined to the labs or only with the scientists, but more importantly how we can take this to the farmers because that's where the action happens and we can combat this issue of climate change.