 Dear learners, I, Trisha Doraborva, from the Bhupanasugar School of Mass Communication, Krishna Kandahandak State of the University, would like to cordially welcome you all to another of our online discussion-based session today. In today's video-based session, we are going to talk about the different types of journalism. And this particular topic is taken up from Unit 3 of the second paper of BA in Journalism Mass Communication, that is, the journalism paper. So let us understand the different types of journalism. Now when we talk about journalism, now journalism as a whole or journalism as a subject is all about collecting of news and information, editing of news information and finally trying to bring forward or portray the different news information in front of the society as a whole. Now, when we talk about different types of journalism, we based them on the use of different media platforms. So the first type of journalism we are trying to talk about is based on the use of different media platforms and they are the first one is a print journalism. Now print journalism as a whole is a practice of investigation and reporting on events in this paper or in other printed form to a broad audience. Now from the term itself we can make out that when we talk about print journalism it is all about trying to put forward the different forms of news stories, the different forms of editorials, the different forms of latest editor, the different form of hard based stories, soft news stories, anchor stories through printed forms. And print journalism covers all those types of stories. The aim of print journalism is to inform the internet audience and also covers cultural aspects of society such as different arts and entertainment. So print journalism is not only about collecting of different hard based facts, soft news stories or anchor stories but it also tries to focus on the different cultural aspects of society such as arts as well as entertainment. The second important type of journalism that is based on the use of media platform is broadcast journalism. So from the term itself we can make out what broadcast journalism is all about. Broadcast journalism is that field of journalism whereby news and other information are broadcast by way of electronic means. Some of the methods of broadcast journalism includes radio, television and more recently the world wide web. Now you see when we talk about broadcast journalism we usually talk about how the news is being broadcast, how news, different news and information are being broadcast. By way of electronic means, you know today's field in the present context, the way the things are broadcast is a little bit different from what used to be broadcasts about like 10, 20 years back because a lot has changed over the last 10, 20 years. There has been a lot of developments in the field of technology. There has been a lot of innovations in the field of how news can be broadcast for the betterment of the society or how the general public can take in those information within the shortest possible time frame. So if you compare the broadcast journalism on the present day context with something like that had happened almost 20 years back, you will find a lot of differences to it. So in the present context we talk about broadcast journalism. Usually you know of course these days we have different media organizations. They have the different online portals are there. So newspapers have their own e-versions of newspapers and in those e-versions you know it's not only about having you know news stories in printed form, news stories but there are also podcasts are there, there are short clippings of videos are there, there are short clippings of audios are also incorporated. So everything has changed with the technological development. Then the third important type of journalism based on the use of media platform is the online journalism or cyber journalism. Now when we talk about online journalism, term itself we can make out that this form of journalism is basically concerned with the news or views that are broadcast through online media. In other words it is that form of journalism where the reporting and editing takes place through online media. The speed at which news can be accessed and disseminated via the web has greatly increased the quantity as well as a variety of news reports available to the web user. And most of the print media houses they have you know they have different their own online issues, their own online journalism with electronic edition of newspapers and magazines gaining rounds. And this different e-based form of online newspapers or magazines they have their own videos, they have their own podcasts, they have their own blogs or slide shows just for the benefit of viewers. Now why such kind of you know intermingling or why this online interactive tools or technologies are being juxtaposed into the you know very realm of projecting news stories. This is because so that the audience or the general readers they don't feel disinterested in kind of assessing the different news stories. Whenever we try to incorporate such kind of elements such kind of technology based elements into the news story that actually enhances the you know the quality of the story because the people are able to grasp the people are able to comprehend the matter in a most in the best possible way. There are the important type of journalism based on a style of presentation. Now when we talk about style of presentation what do we mean, how the things have been presented to the society. So first is the objective journalism. Now when we talk about objective journalism we basically mean that whatever has happened whatever the facts that has happened those facts are only being printed or only being broadcast there is no influence by anyone there is no interpretation by the respected journalists or the reporter as such. So whatever has happened that's that those hard facts are only being projected to the society or projected in front of the general public that is objecting journalism. Then another important type of journalism is based on the style of presentation is interpreted journalism. Now this form of journalism tries to interpret the news policies and programs of the common. So when we talk about interpreted it means like the journalist or the reporter is trying to interpret the different news stories. Okay it's not only the hard facts are being given no doubt but along with the hard facts the reporter or the journalist tries to interpret the news story from his or her point of view. Okay and that interpretation is being given so that the people can actually understand whatever the concept or whatever the story is or whatever the you know the matter is all about. So interpretive journalism plays a very important role in educating the masses about the different issues. Now there are different write-ups on issues that are published in newspapers columns on radio and television hold discussions by inviting eminent panelists during the program. So even you know while I'm talking about in case of broadcast journalism so when we talk about broadcast journalism we often see different panel discussions are being you know done different interview based programs are being done in those kind of programs what happens and there is kind of interpretation is there. Okay so when those interpretation is there whenever that interpretation a lot of information comes up okay it's not only that the hard facts will be there but when we talk about interpretive journalism there are other issues also that might come up during those particular discussions and when those issues come up that actually adds more meaning to the story. Then we have investigative journalism so from the term itself we can actually make out the investigative journalism is what exactly the reporter or a journalist goes into the deep of the matter okay it's not only there's something that is being given in an objective way the journalist or the reporter tries to unart that particular news story through different means so the the particular reporter has to dig deeply beyond what is already stated in the hard news or in order to find out the exact facts of an event or in short investigates beyond what meets the naked eye. Now as far as India is concerned the seeds of investigative journalism was started by Arun Shorri after he was appointed as executive editor of the Indian Express in 1979 and Arun Shorri is very well known to have introduced this new style of aggressive independent investigative journalism in a country so from then onwards investigative journalism took you know a much needed you know leaps and bounds from that period onwards there has been a lot of developments in how the news stories being investigated and now news stories put forward in front of the people. Now there's another category of different types of journalism that is based on the style of presentation now when you talk about style of presentation we we mean that how the news story isn't presented okay like for instance one of the important style of presentation is science journalism now the term itself can make out what is science journalism. Science journalism is basically related to that area of journalism which the topics you know it tries to cover the science-based news and views anything related to science topics that are being covered by this branch of journalism that is science journalism. Another important type of journalism is based on style of presentation is sports journalism now sports journalism usually covers the different aspects of sports related news and just remember one thing that when we talk about science journalism and talk of sports journalism the facts are very hard-based facts it's not something that is you can add some kind of dimensions to it it's not something that you can add some interpretation to it okay for example in sports journalism like how many of Indian sports person have worn medals in recently held Olympics it's not that something you can interpret and you can you know kind of manipulate the facts that is already there and try you try to give different facts you know to the public which which is completely out of the ethics of journalism. So in case of sports journalism or in case of for that matter in case of science journalism the actual facts needs to be put forward that is what concerns. Another important type of journalism based on style presentation is gonzo journalism now what is gonzo journalism now gonzo journalism was popularized by the American writer Hunter S. Thompson and that this such kind of write-up is or such kind of journalism is characterized by his punchy style use a very rough language and ostensible this regard for conventional journalists in writing forms and customs. So gonzo journalism is very different from what the regular form of journalism is all about you know in usual journalistic violence and usually and how a print media has been written a print news story has been written and to be followed you know in what a pyramid style of writing a news story no doubt but in case of gonzo journalism that is not done so it uses some kind of very you know punchy kind of language there is languages are very rough and it's something it's it doesn't have any regard for the conventional journalist's style of writing that is gonzo journalism is all about. The other one we have is celebrity or people's journalism now from the term itself you can make a lot of celebrity people journalism celebrity or people's journalism tries to focus on a personal life for celebrities or on personal life of those people who are working in the entertainment industry and they are already they are always in focus so whenever a news story is being you know conjectured and news stories are written on their lives what on their works which they are doing that is being focused so then that falls another aspect or that falls another domain of people journalism or celebrity journalism then let's come to another form of journalism that is also based on the style of presentation that is a convergence journalism now from the term itself you can make out that convergent journalism tries to converge or tries to combine the different forms of journalism like print, photography and video into one piece or group of pieces their different news channels like CNN follows this form of journalism so here what happens not only about the try to you know focus only give out only the news and information but in such kind of journalism if they try to incorporate the different elements of photography the different elements of video into one piece or group of piece of you know writing that is convergence journalism then we have development journalism now development journalism tries to focus on those issues which might help in the long run in developing a society or which might influence the people might inform the people you know to take in those information which they can use for the benefit of the society that is what development journalism is all about then we have photojournalism now photojournalism as a whole is very much constantly use of photography okay a photojournalist is an indispensable person for any news organization so a photograph is not only supports the news story but also makes the newspaper colorful and attractive it creates a very powerful impact on the minds of the readers then let us come to on the important aspect of today's discussion that is journalism as a profession now we have been talking about what journalism is all about the different types of journalism based on the style of presentation you know then based on the you know the style of different media platforms use okay those different types of journalism already in place but journalism as a profession how big that is okay what can we expect from journalism as a profession then maybe in the next five years or maybe in the next ten years now if you look for the last 20 years or so journalism has as a profession has really improved by leaps and bounds it has really you know searched ahead it's not something that is only concentrated with print media or electronic media or it is not something that is only concentrated with being a journalist or reporter but there are a lot of different other opportunities that have opened up in the field of journalism now from the professional point of view journalism has differently come up a lot and these days we have different views of journalism offering different opportunities to people to showcase the different talents now the career of a journalist is very much interesting okay and it's it's obvious it's full of vast opportunities and that has really taken a big turnaround in the last 10 years or so and as a journalist he or her own career demands a wide range of qualities and skills the case journalists you know to be a good and active journalist or to be good journalist is not something that you know you collect the news and views you collect the different information from different sources and you try to edit those news and you either you broadcast it or you print it in different other using different media platforms it's not only that journalism as a profession doesn't end only in that way but journalism as a profession it is more than that you know in the field of journalism also you have editors are there you have photo journalists you have you know strangers are there you have reporters okay so you have different branches are there and in a field of journalism also you are advertising department is there there's public relations department you know these days if you look at the big big multinational companies or maybe for that matter if you look at the big big media organizations they have their own separate branch they have their own separate group of you know public relations department they have their own advertising department so what do this kind of departments do for instance advertising department they try to look at the different advertising figures they try to understand that which advertisement can actually be incorporated in the particular news story or they can actually be incorporated in the particular newspaper or in case of electronic media which advertising can be broadcast you know so those there are sort of small nitty gritty issues the small matters which actually need a lot of planning and discussion and those discussions are actually done at the very different level okay and that that actually entails you know to take up specialized people for search purposes so you know when we talk about profession it's not something that one has to be the only a journalist okay one can only become a journalist one can only become a reporter but there are also other professions in the field of journalism which one can actually get involved in now as i've already talked about the care the carrier of a journalist it actually demands a wide range of qualities and skills and they actually really have to work very hard to reach the top of the brass and that cannot be you know achieved within a single day itself because it takes years to experience it takes years of understanding the the process of how this entire you know collecting of news editing of news or for that matter of broadcasting the different news and views to society is concerned now broadly speaking we have four important fields of journalism okay that we have already discussed about but it's just a recapitulation of what we've talked about now when we talk about important things of this journalism that actually have a good number of people working in different areas be it the kind of print media in the field of radio in the field of television to the internet okay so you see it's not only working in print media when we talk about print media the first thing that comes from mine is a newspaper okay and as i've already said that a newspaper is not only have an editor is there there's a assistant editor but there are also other you know professionals working under working as a team under the same media organizations then let's come to electronic media so electronic media basically it's it consists of the most important to important vehicles in electronic media radio and television apart from radio and television we also have other important electronic media vehicles okay so when you talk about radio so for instance let us take the you know case of a radio now you know radio is a profession the person who works and within the setup of a radio station what does he or she does so it's not only that there is a radio announcer there are also production consultants okay their producers are there their editors are there you know because you know radio is a very demanding profession and it's not something that you know you you come to the radio station you go live you air different issues different news stories okay and maybe those news stories can be also repeated in the later part of the day okay that is not only how a radio station works apart from that whenever the different news comes to this radio station they come from different sources so they are specialized editors are there and also there are other people who writes the lines on how that particular news stories needs to be broadcast so you know on the radio they are different professions and they are different people working on as a and the different capacities same in the way of radio similarly in the field of television also we have there are different people working on the different capacities we have so for instance in case of a news channel okay a news challenge it's not something only that a news reader is there there are a lot of other people who are behind the production of a particular news story okay they can be you know they have a special research division instead who looks into the research of a different news stories who looks into you know verify the different facts of a new story so there's different research division then there is a production division instead who are actually responsible for producing the news stories okay then there are of course the camera persons are there the camera people those people behind the news story who are actually responsible in bringing the news story live at your doorsteps and of course we have you know the news reader is there so if you look like there are the people involved in different ways you know it's not only about one or two people it's a whole collective team effort and as time is moving or as as we're moving towards you know more and more uh incorporation of technology enable media is being used and when we talk about technology and animal media a lot of uh such kind of you know technologies are being used which actually makes a news story very much interesting and have a very important impact on the minds of the people so journalism as a profession when we talk about it has actually you know broadened out it has branched out a lot it's not only concentrated with being a journalist or with you know being a reporter as such there are also a lot of other you know people working under different capacities so overall and today's discussion we have tried to understand the different types of journalism the first type we had understood is about based on the use of different media platforms the second important type that is based on a style of presentation okay and uh uh finally we have tried to understand journalism as a profession how it has evolved over the years and what can be expected in the coming years so with this i'd like to end today's lecture discussion thank you so much