 Dear students, in this module, we're going to talk about the part two of functions of social groups. In our previous module, we saw that social groups provide us sense of identity, sense of belonging and emotional support. In this part, we're going to see that how social groups are providing some more effective functions for you. So they are providing the opportunities for social exchange and cooperation as well. In human resources, like the other interactional processes, in the same way, exchange and cooperation are as important or as important as any group's activities to perform the existence of that group. So for the group to exist, cooperation and exchange have to be based on the exchange or cooperation groups that survive. Facilitating the achievement of common goals and objectives. If there is a cohesiveness or a question between the group members, then they have this process of facilitation and for the achievement of common goals, any group that decides or defines for their group members and to achieve those common goals, the group members provide the same normative pattern that these are the ways that you can achieve these goals. Then another important function that creating social networks and connections that can lead to other different opportunities. The interaction between the group members is a big benefit that there is networking between them and this networking becomes a bias for their further opportunities. For example, if you look at your educational institution, in the educational institution many friends and friends become a part of your interaction through your networking. Which are also very effective for you in your professional life and maybe become a bias for such fruitful opportunities because of which you can excel in your career. Then promoting the social change and social movements, particularly the larger groups, the secondary groups, become a bias for social change and different social movements. For example, in the educational institutions, students become a bias for social movements, become a bias for social change and sometimes they become a strong, strong, and beneficial change in the society because social change is not just the name of positive social change, it is also the name of negative social change. So the process of social change is done through the help of the students' collective behavior. And for example, if we take the examples of Pakistan, there are professional associations or trade unions. These can be different examples of different, particularly secondary social groups that facilitate social exchange and cooperation while political parties can promote social change and social movements. Social change and social exchange and cooperation are key important functions of these social groups both formal as well as informal groups.