 I welcome to this class of very interesting in nature. In the last few classes, we had discussed about weather forecasts types methodology used and how best it can be used for developing your agro advisories Now I would like to discuss today on traditional knowledge on weather forecasts This is very,very important. when you give important on scientific weather forecast for preparing your agro advisory we have our own developed information over generations are available that also could be used effectively along with weather forecast to prepare your agro advisories what I like to see is you mix this traditional knowledge with the scientific weather forecast and develop your agro advisory that is my request thereby the preciseness of the agro advisory getting improved so we like to see something on that why this is a very very important traditional knowledge I have given that observation over generations so many generations one generation means scientifically 25 years over generations we have accounted so one observation is seen by this so many generations means it is true it is getting repeated it has got lesser coefficient of variations many how scientifically valid can be considered as a tool along with scientific weather forecast for taking formation this is the final output we anticipate from the traditional knowledge in the case of the traditional knowledge like in the science weather forecast short range mid range and long range here also we could see people have already did the excellent work on this aspect in our villages so I like to say something on the short range indigenous traditional knowledge there will be heavy rainfall if the rain bow appears on the eastern sky at the time of raining if it is on the western sky there will be no rain may be location specific may be state specific may be country specific but this information can be utilized for the constant location or constant state or constant country this is the important I like to offer when the crab comes to the band it may rain because it comes out of the hole thinking that stimulating that it has a stimulus that rain is going to come it is going to fill its holes or their holes so it is coming out so rain will come red clouds in the east sky it may rain in the next day short range 24 hours what we have studied in the short range scientific weather forecast it is going to rain frogs crocking in chorus not single chorus too many frogs a squad of crocks they crock then it followed by rain when dragon flies fly down it may rain that there will be rainfall within a day see it is a short range forecast already you have short range weather forecast received from the institution they say that tomorrow you may get rain immediately you refer the indigenous knowledge collected for the particular area and they try to confirm so definitely tomorrow the rain will come so it is a supporting tool to take your weather forecast for preparing your agro advisories again there are many short range information increased mosquito bite predicts rain this is true when water stagnation is there it gets multiplied then so many mosquitoes come out and it bites it says there rain is going to come or has come so anticipating that in the mosquito this information is developed dense fog in the early morning indicates no rain fog means a suspension of water droplets in the atmosphere especially above the ground level that means that already abundant moisture is available at the ground level hence no rain is anticipated see these information after many observation made by many people over generations then if there is an accumulation of clouds in the southeast direction in a layered form layered first layer second layer third layer fourth layer like a sandwich account of the winds blowing from the southern direction then it is climbed so if there is a swelling on the lower portion of the camel's leg this is true for Rajasthan area then rainfall is predicted by the farmers the swelling are probably caused due to higher relative humidity see how rgg is related to the rainfall that we have discussed earlier in our last lessons so like way you try to collect short range indigenous knowledge from your local area and try to practice yourself for predicting your weather also in addition to getting the information of scientific weather forecast now media range itk that is media range 3 to 10 days earlier 1 to 2 days the closer circle on the moon closer circle to the moon the nearer is the shower and vice versa nearer uncertainty may be 5 days may be 6 days may be 7 days so it is a unquantified terminology if snail climbs certain trees there will be no rain this is another observation made in kerala and other states where snails are more so this information we can get it under media range weather forecast earlier class I was saying that when a tree flowers during May then the south west monsoon in India would be very prosperous would be bountiful that means because of the advanced increase in rggage before the start of the season in the atmosphere the tree gets flowered rgage in the atmosphere similarly in the case of Rajasthan also the camel gets swelling in the leg these are also very interesting information if you give scientific value I think those carries very very validated information then long range itk short range medium range and long range if this I discussed earlier with you people see lap wing bad tathgari bad it is available anywhere lap wing bad if it lays eggs on the higher portion of the leg band or on the top of any structure the coming season carries heavy rainfall see how the bad gets information in advance so if I lay the eggs in the ground it may get damaged it may get submerged my generation may not come so fearing that it lays eggs over the bunds escaping from your damage from the flood the coming season carries heavy rainfall if the same bad lays eggs on the lower side of the tank or on the floor of the tank drought is anticipated how the bad knows like science they are all scientific bads so farmers are old people they observe the behavior of these bads and they are able to develop such indigenous knowledge this is very very important for developing our forecast then further it is also believed that if a single egg is laid by the lap wing bad then there will be a rainfall only for one month see spatial and temporal forecasting this is a temporal or spatial you can take anything else you can appreciate one egg means you have south west monsoon for four months June, july, august, september one lakh means one month two lakhs means two months three lakhs means three months four four months the load is related to the occurrence of rainfall over months see the stimulus of the bad is when rainfall would be more the feed would be more then they can put more eggs or something else so positively related with this event then continued if the clouds thunder on the first day of mid April there shall be no rain for 72 days so these are all some observations made earlier this could be rightly used for validating your scientific weather forecast or also as additional to develop your agro advisories so like that if crow cries during night and fox howls during the day then there would be a severe drought this is all anti-activities normally crow flies in the morning daytime they sleep in the night hours but they awake in the night and make a cries means something is happening everything is against nature then it indicates that drought is going to come so then some dragonfly which appears generally in the rainy season are absorbed to swam swam in large group over water surface they go to the water surface then dry weather is predicted if they swam on dry lands and fields so these are all very very important information to be collected and to be used along with your scientific weather forecast what I like to say is the indigenous knowledge is highly valid as like that of your scientific weather forecast so you develop your agro advisory based on these two then your agro advisory will be highly useful to the forming community with this I close this class let us continue something wonderful in the next class thank you very much