 and over to you. So colleagues, thank you so much for joining us today in this consultation. My name is William Shimani for those who I don't know among you I'm the coordinator of the Global Protection Cluster and I would like to very much welcome warmly Cecilia, the special rapporteur on the human rights of IDPs who will be here to discuss her general assembly's report on learning more for the field protection clusters about the climate change and disaster displacement in a specific operational context. Welcome as well to all of you field protection cluster coordinators, co- coordinators and colleagues who were able to join us today from across the globe and to share key examples on climate change and disaster displacement and how the report can be useful for the states and the National Protection Cluster and eventually for all protection actors. The topic of climate change is a priority area as outlined in our strategic framework that we have cheekily named protection in a climate of change to show our political interest in this area and reflect the fact that many of you cluster coordinators have raised this as an important issue. As you know, slow onset events and processes are affecting operations across the globe. This includes many of your operations. I can recognize the names flooding, desertification, land and forest degradation, sea level rise, all of them that are leading as we speak to this place. IDMC records 2000 disasters that triggered around 30 million new displacement across 140 countries in 2019. This is the highest recorded since 2013 and de facto gives an important role of the report of the special rapporteur, but also I think it highlights importance of the special rapporteurship itself, the office that is really following the field reality and trying to use your good office in Sicilia to facilitate the work of protection actors. It is for us as GPC and clusters on the ground essential to strengthen community engagement and mechanisms for disseminating information on how communities can safely access assistance and provide early warnings to the affected population. The GPC is working to ensure through its field clusters that mechanisms are in place to reach some of the most vulnerable groups who face these protection risks. Now I would like all of you have received the agenda. I would like to hand over to you Sicilia to frame the discussion. During your remarks I would call on colleagues to start raising their hands or slotting in the comments box so I can hand over the floor to them. So with this in mind, Sicilia the floor is yours. Thank you so much, William. It's so nice to hear your voice again after some time. It's a good evening from my part of the world. Good evening, colleagues, everybody. And I'm really very happy that the GPC with the UNHCR has are organizing this and I know that the GPC coordinators and other colleagues from the GPC come also from different parts of the world are working in different parts of the world. So this is really a very important meeting for me. Also because and most especially because well you are in the field but also the topic is protection of IDPs. As William has so kindly already introduced the topic, the report will be a report that I will present to the General Assembly in October in New York. I don't know if it's going to be in person but it's a report that will be for the General Assembly. So the scope of this in terms of influence is quite large and as you may or may not know the report will actually be following the summit on climate change. So there is a very good sequence to the events. But of course the report given my mandate will be on the human rights from the human rights perspective. And I know protection is larger than just human rights but in human rights we very much focus on the use of the guiding principles on internal displacement. As William has also mentioned it's a timely topic and we have actually decided that we will focus on the adverse effects of slow onset climate. Because there is not much discussion on this and how it affects not only having you know triggering internal displacement situations but how it affects the IDPs in terms of their protection needs and the rights after you know they have been displaced and last but not the least in their search for durable solutions. And as you all have the call for inputs I'm not going to go through that we're all adults here you know the background you know the objectives and you also know that there are 10 specific areas of consideration that we would like to give attention to in the report and on which we specifically ask for inputs. Now majority if not well a lot of the entities UN entities are actually either at the international level or missions are I have been told are planning to give institutional inputs and very much so I do welcome those and at the same time the participants in this consultation may also want to provide specific written inputs to the call for inputs with with focus on any or all I doubt if everybody will be answering all questions that have been posed in the call for inputs. So written inputs for us would really cover all of the examples analysis etc there is a word limit because we can only take you know so much information and of course we are interested in analysis. So for this consultation I think it is not so much merely for inputs but as you as Nancy has sent to the objectives of the consultation and I welcome very much and I thank William for moderating this consultation I really would like to focus on two specific topics not so much on the substance as such on which inputs will be provided but really to discuss how this report will be most effective and useful to states and to the field protection clusters and this I mean you know what angle should we take for example one of my consultations um somebody from the actor dean said you know can you please make sure that you also take into consideration the needs for academic research and it would be wonderful if you can provide some recommendations in the academic community with on on this topic so you know it's like the effectiveness and usefulness of the report and second of course is in your view what would be the key issues and essential focus areas that need to be included to make the report complete which may not necessarily be in the in in the call for inputs or nor taken up in the in any of the questions that we have provided and coming from from you as field protection clusters these two topics will be your contribution and analysis of these two topics would really be very valuable because as I said you guys are in the you know in the field and you have a lot of experience there particularly with concerning IDP protection and how of course the climate change and disaster displacement is very much an interlinked are very much interlinked topics that we really need to put out there in the international field so I think I will stop there will ya and I really look forward to this consultation and perhaps if I may also suggest maybe you may want to gather some suggestions in you know together and and I will and if needed if William thinks it's needed I can respond to some of those concerns or contributions so thanks again very much thank you very much Cecilia I would like to open the floor for the colleagues to start responding let me maybe take a quick regional way of looking at things a safe bet area of the world where an intervention would be most useful is from the Sahel countries so I encourage colleagues from the Sahel countries to to drop their names in the chat box and maybe if we can start with with you Jose you just started in Burkina Faso but I'm sure with your experience from protection work you have some some remarks to start with well thank you very much William and everybody else attending this this meeting I've just logged in so if that's okay with you I would make you know my comments if any at a later stage I'll just be writing down my name here for the record Josef Hischel and I am the protection cluster coordinator in Burkina Faso having started this function last week thank you over to you indeed sorry for putting you um on the spot so uh let me then proceed with the colleagues as as their names appear on the on the attendance list Burundi maybe to start are you with us Keith hi there yes I'm with you I'm sorry I've only also just logged in um please let me come back uh yeah please come back to me yeah I'll join later I mean with the yeah yeah sir sir uh thank you uh then maybe we move to Mali uh Marie Emily I'm sorry William I arrived like two seconds ago I have no clue what is the question okay good good so uh well yeah we're starting to feed back to the special reporter I'm sure Nancy will follow up with you uh bilaterally then um I'll I'll look at George Patrick George I think you uh you're not uh able to speak I'll move on to the next Josh Patrick if you have uh comments later on please go ahead uh Michelle uh Danfak I believe also uh it is uh muted uh did you manage okay uh maybe uh then uh Juan Deri any inputs from your side okay everyone is being shy uh then I'll I'll move to safe bets uh Tiziana for 30 years thank you very much so I cannot use the excuse that I just joined in because it's not true um good morning to Chile my name is Tiziana and I'm working as protection sector coordinator in uh in the Libya operation so uh for us right now of course the focus is uh mainly on uh on the displacement caused by the the conflict uh nevertheless I think uh is important to to put the focus on on the displacement due to to climate change and for me the interest uh that I always found is perhaps uh I see here the the question about as well the the role that the private sector could play for example and in the strong term partnership that we as a UN can really have with uh some of the private sector that sometimes have the means in term of money and have the ideas in term of creativity and to really pair that to to try to uh to help the governments even those that are a little bit more shy in going towards a more uh greener uh economy to to really help and in realizing as well how much the uh the depletion of human resources can affect not only the displacement the people that are directly affected but all of us uh directly and indirectly so that for me is one one area in number five for example uh to really uh team up and and look for a stronger partnership with some of these uh private sector uh partner and then uh can I think a little bit more and eventually come back or uh yes absolutely I don't know if Cecilia has a question for me or anything that she might be interested in uh let me know let me take let me take a few comments uh and then we we accumulate some for Cecilia to to redirect the conversation but maybe now I hand over thank you Titiana to Anna Anna Rich uh nope Anna is uh is not able to at this stage to to get in let me see then continue with uh with the list uh Doreen uh are you with us if not let me move uh to Severin uh in Bodondi you're having tough times these days but would you want to come in with regards to uh climate related issues yes sorry I just arrived as well but I read the the messages so uh actually the country has not ratified the Kampala Convention so for us always a challenge to to rise uh the IDPs problem uh of course we will always uh I mean high tide IDPs with the cause of natural disaster because we cannot even talk about the other kind of IDPs uh but at least we can uh we can prepare some responses uh for IDPs for natural disasters currently we have a lot of good things um and um we don't have a lot of capacities um I think it was a problem because we raised this issue in November uh with Ocha and actually no they didn't want to go on a global response plan at the country level uh but finally we think that it was it should have been a good idea to do that because right now we don't have a lot of capacities to respond in the country and also uh with COVID-19 we are very very uh I mean we have a lot of obstacles to to bring more more uh stocks capacities uh for example for shelters uh NFI etc etc forest protection um the basic issues are yes the significant significant access to basic services as uh water shelter hygiene uh so for us it will come with a lot of protection problems linked to this this lack of basic services uh we have a lot of GBV issues coming up and also we are not able to be very free to do our job here because we are constantly um I mean followed and controlled by the government even if they agree for us to intervene so it's always a problem of access and uh we had also the elections so something uh I mean more obstacles in the equation so we had also to deal with a lot of intervention of political parties coming up with uh distributions without telling us for IDPs so for us it will be also difficult to coordinate the action with the government even if they decided to uh to agree on our intervention and to ask for our intervention I don't know if I'm here I'm sorry sorry this is Cecilia I'm sorry but what country are you working in right now okay thank you so we just brought all the ideas in the same time I'm just arrived in the meeting thank you thank you so much uh Sevrin uh much appreciated let's move to south Sudan uh who's taking the floor uh Iona hello good afternoon Iona from south Sudan um thank you very much so just in regard to um so I can just say in south Sudan definitely many of the issues highlighted I think um can are being faced as an example um climate change it seems can be leading to a combination of issues such as drought and flood um as well food insecurity is a huge concern and this also of course has its linkages with armed conflict um so one of the key ways we think that the report can be useful at a field level is look enabling the strengthening of linkages with early recovery in supporting and enabling earlier and better linkages uh with development actors at the beginning of a humanitarian response or earlier linking in with early warning mechanisms at the regional level such as the AU and so these can be some of the the ways you know just we hope that through the report um the impetus will sort of be you know are sort of like everyone will be reminded of the need to work more closely together and have better linkages um in this regard uh thank you thank you Iona uh any additional thoughts from uh from other participants from south Sudan uh yes hi hi William this is Kavita the former cluster coordinator hi uh just to introduce Sophia Sophia is taking over from me as the cluster coordinator but uh just to add I think it is very important for the protection clusters to to to essentially continue our engagement with the special repertoires for example look at the IDP Kampala convention in itself we earned a lot of milestones because of the very very good work of the of the special reps on the on the whole IDP issue we were able to get south Sudan to actually rectify the convention and now there's a draft law in south Sudan also in place which also tackles issues of of of climate change and displacements so the protection clusters a lot to gain from my engagement with the special reps thank you thanks a lot uh Kavita Kavita was also with the south Sudan operation something recently Cecilia and Mary you wanted to add something please go ahead yeah thanks William uh so this is Anne-Marie and I'm with the the Libya protection sector and just something that I think would be quite useful with uh considering sort of climate displacement and other discrimination or marginalized groups so a lot of the groups that we do see who are displaced due to climate related issues due to primarily ours isn't slow and onset we we see some flooding but the areas of the country that are starting to truly see the effects of climate change are areas where already marginalized and disenfranchised minority populations reside and so uh the displacement of these groups can often slip under the radar of the authorities and I think what would be useful coming out of out of a document for us at least would be to say how do we support the government in strengthening their national legislation in creating these groups uh to not be marginalized I suppose but also in understanding their displacement and responding to their displacement uh because I think oftentimes that does fall off the radar of our national authorities be that because of the the conflict that's happening and sort of the large scale immediate effects of that or or because of more systemic issues like the marginalization of the group in general and then also something that sort of links into what South Sudan was saying uh is the linkages not just with early recovery but also with disaster risk reduction initiatives uh I'm not very familiar with what sort of disaster risk reduction initiatives have been taking place in Libya to be completely honest uh but if we're talking about sort of rights and displacements of communities somehow this needs to be linked into existing DRR initiatives either at the national or or with the global level yeah so thanks thank you so much Anne-Marie I will give the floor to Afghanistan uh and then maybe just after Sicilia if you want to direct uh some some of the conversation in the specific direction uh that would be a good moment I think to to take some colleagues onwards so Afghanistan over to you thank you so much William um yes so Afghanistan as you know is already struggling with conflict but also um the number of IDPs that the natural climate induced or natural disaster induced displacement and that's something along with the conflict that has you know made us all very busy I'm very glad actually that we have this discussion because the the issue of climate change is something that we're already seeing its impact in Afghanistan as I mentioned Afghanistan is prone to yearly flash floods, drought, dust storms and local storms all because of either you know man-made induced or natural disaster or climate change as a result of climate change um so it's very important to address this I think this report would be very helpful because as my colleagues also mentioned I think so far at least for the protection cluster in Afghanistan I can tell you that we are being very reactive on this of course uh I mean that within the cluster we work with communities to build the resilience of the community in response to shocks but that by itself is not enough we have to recognize the impact of especially slow onset disasters and I think it will give us a good opportunity it's one of the areas that we can um collaborate with development actors and actors on nexus we already have started the discussions with development actors not necessarily on climate change but as you know of course to reduce the vulnerability with you know of the vulnerable population which in Afghanistan I mean according to this HRP we already have about 13 million you know in assistance of humanitarians so those people are already very vulnerable and as we know that will increase the risk and they're already very exposed we had the issue of drought in 2018 which is still continued with the displacement population from that drought are still the displaced are more vulnerable on a yearly basis we have floods the displacement from flooding and those um IDPs are even more vulnerable um because the population already you know suffering from their conflict and they once they become um head by the disaster that are um more negative impact so um to answer your question um how to better this report can help us I think two things one is to advocate and it's not just in Afghanistan I think some of this is regional I mean obviously not that I think it's proven that these are all regional should be regional response to this the climate change issue because what we see in Afghanistan for example on dust storm or um drought or locust attacks the storm are also coming from neighboring countries it's the impact that the climate change get having its toll on the neighboring countries for example a man-made disaster um drying up the marsh the marshlands for example in eastern Iran would have a negative impact in Afghanistan as well in terms of creating dust storms or you know the water issue in you know neighboring countries that will have a negative impact so it's I think first of all I advocate that any solution or initiative should also consider regional discussion on this and also um how we can work better together either you know for in general for humanitarian and cluster to take into account um the climate change especially is slow and set disaster and for the government also to recognize the IDPs that are you know as vulnerable as IDPs actually to be able to assist them and for the IDPs to receive the assistance because as you know for the slow and set disasters it's very difficult to to um show that these people are actually IDPs because of this because it's not you know like um a disaster that everybody knows about that you know there are destructions so that happens very gradually and it's important for us to advocate with the government that to include this climate uh induce displacement and IDPs into their national policies and Afghanistan has already as their IDP national policies but it's important for us also to um you know advocate for um the displaced population because of climate change to be considered in this group um that's all from my side I mean I will get back to you with to answer the question but thank you so much for this very useful session over to you thank you thank you so much Samira Cecilia before handing over to you there is a one input from Mali and maybe she would want to elaborate earlier Marie yeah I just wanted to reiterate what other colleagues were saying around the advocacy the importance of advocacy um just apologies Cecilia Mali is in Mali operation can you hear me yeah go ahead yeah I just wanted to reiterate what other colleagues were saying on the importance of getting support to advocate to integrate protection and assistance to IDPs in in national policies and national laws we've been trying to work quite a lot here with the with national authorities in Mali and there's been I think a momentum last year on to adopt a national law on protection assistance to IDPs it seems that we've lost it a little bit because of other competing priorities but it's still on the agenda and and it's something we as the cluster that we are trying to to push for thank you thanks a lot Marie I mean Cecilia after these few interventions is there any specifics here you want us to take yeah thank you so much to everybody who have taken the floor um I think there are several I think about four points that I'd like to make first is with regard to definitely what um and Marie was oh no sorry Samira was saying about the difficulty of identifying IDPs there is there is some controversy on that who are IDPs vis-a-vis the context of slow onset disasters if you want precisely because some maybe looked at as migrants and you know and some maybe not and and there is a difficulty here I would tend to take a very liberal view in the interpretation of the descriptive definition of what we have in the guiding principles of internal displacement um and that is to say that anybody group of people or people who have been forced because they have had no choice or obliged to leave regardless of any effect or direct effect of the climate change uh adverse effects of climate change um this is really under debate right now but in terms of um of identifying are these IDPs or not and I I will as I said take a liberal approach in that so long as there is that you know um element of being forced to leave because they there's nothing full security is gone etc for example or um otherwise they'll go hungry or their their houses are slowly being flooded etc or the nomadic how do you call this the nomadic um geography is um is actually starting to be restricted more and more because of the um loss because of the certification for example particularly in um in Africa so this for me is a very important starting point and naturally if I may just go several of you have mentioned the importance of national law and policy and naturally given that that is one of the priorities of my mandate um and and particularly when also I continue that priority having taken over um the my predecessors um this is really top of the agenda and naturally using law and policy and of course any approaches to government in terms of advocacy is definitely important um for Africa there is of course um the importance of the ratification of the Kampala convention and I'm very happy actually that well it's still very slow I may say but at least we've had about two or three ratifications in the last 12 months or at least one and a half years um except that of course um in some areas um they were supposed to at least in one country they were supposed to deposit the ratification instrument but COVID um it got into the way much like what um has been shared concerning Mali but it is important that this report takes up those important legal frameworks and policy frameworks the other thing is I very much appreciate so thank you very much for highlighting the linkages with development actors um and not only from the beginning and engaging with early warning mechanisms national and regional but it is really important in in my view to make this message loud and clear and how that can be done I think is really a challenge and we we do it's it's it's great to hear that from you because um during my last consultation who were mostly humanitarians and academics um I didn't hear much about that so um that that's really good and and of course the private sector this this one has been flagged to us very early on and unfortunately some of the private sector are themselves causes um contribute if you want contribute to the adverse effects of slow onset climate change um disasters so how do we reconcile that with getting them on board um for not only protection but particularly for durable solutions so any suggestions from you um would definitely be very much appreciated the other part is um the aspect on the on identifying IDPs as as I have said earlier but also the marginalized populations that Anne Marie from Libya had already um uh pointed out we would like actually to get more information on that and as I said at the beginning of the of this conversation if you have any specific and concrete um examples or figures or analysis that you would like to send to us in writing please do so we will be leaving you the email um to which you can set I mean it doesn't have to be a report it would just be you know Cecilia this is what we have this is what we know it can be one paragraph two paragraphs and it may be non attributable attributable rather if you don't wish to have it attributed because we want to really the concrete um inputs uh to that um yeah so I'll I'll stop there I think I've covered the aspects thanks William thanks everybody thank you very much Cecilia so I have keys then for cold and Alicia please introduce the operation you are in keys for us hi everyone thanks very much to Severin who covered most of the points uh and so what I want to add is uh that um uh we have uh most of our um IDPs in in in Burundi in Burundi are uh um our climate change uh induced displacements they're displaced because of uh yeah because of floods and landslides um and uh also to say that um you know they they have um you know there's very little land in Burundi so access to land is is a major issue um and uh also we have um you know the the government is is has a difficult relationship with the international community since uh since the events of um the the failed elections of uh 2015 um and at that time about 400 000 people fled uh to to neighboring countries and um but about 23 percent of our IDPs according to DTN um consistently show up as as those displaced for other reasons since 2015 the the new uh displacements uh are um displaced because of uh climate change issues um so um so yes climate change is very relevant um you know the natural disasters um um yeah Severin if I've forgotten anything please add again thanks a lot thanks very much keys let me move on to uh Coco can you hear me hello hello everybody can you hear me loud thank you please present your operation and proceed okay thank you I'm Felicity Coco the cluster coordination for Niger okay concerning the input we are preparing the inputs that you will share but relating to the question uh on how useful this report can be for the state I would say that in Niger we have since December 2018 a national law on IDP protection and the displacements for natural disaster is also included in the law and uh they are working on the law enforcement modalities and uh the cluster is supporting the the government for the vulgarization but in practice we can notice that uh most of the actors are involved in displacement uh due to conflict and also uh when we have floods so the government is appealing all actors to to to support them in those flood situations but the other uh disasters like um drought uh dealt with another department of the government with uh development actors and clusters are not really necessarily involved so I think that this report uh may assist the government to deal with uh natural disaster displacement as a whole but also allow a better involvement of all humanitarian actors okay thank you and I'm available if you have question thank you very much Coco this is much appreciated uh let me turn on to the Americans Anicia from us hi good morning everyone um so I just wanted to start by saying that the protection cluster in Honduras has not specifically um addressed displacement due to climate change um we really focused more on violence so I'm basing most of this on reports and literature that already exists about um climate change and displacement in Honduras but I think that what we have in common with many of the other people who've already spoken today um in other countries is that oftentimes there is um sort of an intersection between the climate-based migration and then also the displacement based on violence um the main issue that's been reported on in Honduras is uh people displacing because of droughts and because of El Nino and how that's affected agricultural workers um people tend to move from the rural area to a more urban area and then often in the urban areas are then there could be a secondary displacement because of um different types of violence especially gang-based violence in Honduras which then oftentimes leads to um an international displacement or you know seeking asylum in another country um one of the other common themes um in what's been reported so far is the difficulty in um identifying people who have been displaced because of climate change versus violence versus other types of reasons and as others have said sort of the lumping in of people who have been displaced because of climate change with other types of migrants um from what I've seen there has been an increase in the number of agricultural workers who have been apprehended by U.S. migration authorities in the United States since 2014 which is when the drought became more serious in Honduras but again there's not really a predictable or organized way of collecting that data um or identifying these people and you know there are reports that say that between one million and two million people could be at risk of future displacement because of climate change um but I think that identification of this population continues to be a challenge so it would be great in the report as others have said if there could be um some sort of guidance about identifying climate-based displaced people um and then also on the side of the state response right now in Honduras we've um there's been a law that's been presented to congress um for the protection of people who have been displaced because of violence which hasn't really seen any action even though it was um presented in March 2019 again because of other legislative priorities and so I think that going back to the the concept note that it would also be useful to sort of have some recommendations for local human rights authorities of how to monitor this situation and how to report on it how to advocate um for a state response um because again I think that the the problem is very much linked to um other types of displacement um at least in the context of Honduras and so it's important to be able to identify um both the differences and the similarities um with other people who have been displaced for other reasons um yeah so thank you that was it on my side oh sorry someone else just mentioned saw in the comments that there is also a comment about um specific population groups um and I think that's also of utmost importance in the Americas and in Honduras particularly with indigenous people um who have traditionally made their living off of uh agriculture and sort of the effect of climate change on ancestral lands thank you thank you very much for the comprehensive update uh I give the floor to Minata then Florence good morning everybody my name is Minata uh from DRC cluster protection uh here in DRC we have more than five million IDPs but uh more than 90 99 percent conflict induced displacement we do have also IDPs natural disaster induced displacement in the north and also in the southeast of the country and we have also minority groups that are living around the lake Tanganyika that is now being affected by uh climate change and those people could also be affected by the the fact that the lake is now um less rich in fish that is some of their that constitute income for them and also part of their living living from Lake Tanganyika the the way the to answer to the question how the report will be useful I would say it is right we are now using the guiding principle everywhere in the world but the the report will be very useful if it can help uh strengthen national legislation on the the protection of the right of IDPs like encouraging uh regional and legal frameworks that are already in place encouraging countries to sign ratified and also have national laws uh that who that are enforceable to protect the right of IDPs in Congo we have more than five million IDPs but uh Congo has signed the Kampala Convention but has not yet ratified the convention beside all the advocacies UNHCR and all humanitarian contracting has been doing and even yes last year UNHCR conducted a big conference international conference to discuss with all stakeholders about the ratification of the convention to show to the civils the authorities and also to the civil society the importance of the ratification of the convention still it has not yet been ratified the closer protection has been pushing with the our ministry our counterpart ministry ways the ministry for solidarity and humanitarian action and the document has still not yet been deposited at the as it was supposed to be done so I think also engaging state responsibilities for the protection of IDPs would also be useful uh for for for this report uh that is what I wanted to add like encouraging state to ratify a regional uh convention and domesticate the convention by having national laws and enforcing those laws uh would help uh in the protection of IDPs uh thank you thank you very much hi William this is Nancy Florence sent me a separate message that she had to leave um but she wanted to flag that um in her in the chat box um many thanks William and Cecilia it would be interesting in the report to have the views from affected communities on their protection needs in this context especially in the Sahel countries as we lack data analysis on slow onset event impacts on internal displacement but also concrete examples of good practices in preventing and anticipating internal display displacement in this context better protecting IDPs in this context through the compala convention for instance and increasing the most vulnerable people's resilience and she also flagged good practices in planned relocation protection and considerations of protection risk for IDPs to be displaced across borders in the in this context or potential risk of statelessness um Florence works with the the UNHR climate action over to you thanks a lot Nancy uh so let me move on uh to to Christophe followed by Zuhair then Yasin please stop thank you very much colleagues and hello Cecilia I'm talking I'm a cluster coordinator for for Somalia um just to say that I think for Somalia the the best work which has been done on conflict induced sorry climate change induced displacement is probably the report by IDMC last March where where there is uh information and perspective of IDPs which is quite interesting on data what is clear for in Somalia is that yes we we disaggregate displacement by cause of displacement conflict in security on one side drought flood flood but we always refer to these causes as the primary causes with the understanding that everything is mixed indeed and the conflict usually have also a background of competition over resources which are being depleted because of because of conflict of sorry climate change in particular water or grazing land so in the end the the the yes it's it's it's important it's interesting to know to know this disaggregation by cause but but everything is linked and in Somalia it is surely the case as far as the legal framework is concerned Somalia has just as ratified and deposited the instrument early this year for Kampala and UNHR will work with Professor Bayani and lead consultation with all stakeholders here to look at the national legal framework normative framework so to contextualize the the Kampala Convention so I must say that specific guidance which may come in your report on climate change will surely call for a lot of attention at this particular time and and in this process of the development of the legal framework living Somalia I would like to do a remark on the marginalized communities of which we have a lot in Somalia so people who don't belong to the mainstream dominant clans basically and who are the the most severely affected communities affected by by conflict affected by by the climate change they lose and they have already lost their land and they receive very little attention when it comes to to development and inclusion in development programs including those who may be developed for responding to or preventing or mitigating the effect of climate change and the last remark to also highlight how difficult it is to to move the the issue of displacement from the humanitarian agenda towards the development agenda including with regard to climate change in Somalia we have the example of floods every year we have really floods which affect thousands of people along the two main rivers the Chabeli and Duba and every year we complain why don't we restore the banks why don't we drain the the river beds better where where's the money for that and who will take the lead and year after year there is no lead year after year no funding is available and this year actually the government has has taken the things a bit more seriously and and made a plan on on restoration of banks along the Chabeli river in particular I can share that with you if you if you want an example the issue will be funding and this is where also linking with the financial institution and making sure that they are serious in their commitments on the climate change agenda for funding the the relevant development response is quite critical so I'm talking of the the World Bank in particular or regional banks and I understand that the World Bank for Somalia stepped in with a bit of funding for precisely preventing floods so it's a good example but it has been so slow so a good signal from you Cecilia and we will report towards the the financial institutions would be surely helpful thank you thank you very much William I maybe intervene at this point now I was just going to say that go ahead thank you see William and I were together in Iraq I invited William to be part of my delegation on my visit to Iraq and I think we now read each other's minds all right um so again um colleagues thanks thanks a lot um what what I'm hearing is a lot with regard to well first of all of course the frameworks the legal in national uh legal and policy of frameworks both at the regional level but also at the national level but in relation to this I think there is more resonance on accountability of governments also I'm looking at the chat box and this this will definitely be um be included in the report and and this is why I think it's really really important if you get very specific um examples concretely uh on on where this can be done and as effectively as possible um I also hear a lot with regard to how the the attention is more on conflict um and as well as like in Honduras on for example in young violence basically conflict and and violence but I think it is really important to upscale the attention to the other kinds of IDPs again as as um Christof says there is no one driver but it's all interlink and I think that interlinkages interlinkage is something that we definitely um would like to to highlight um there was also something concerning oh yeah I think it was Christof who who brought it up and uh the role of the IFIs um Christof I would love to have that um Christof and I also work together so hi hello Christof um I would love to have that um example specific example on what the government is doing um it may or may not be submitted to us by Somalia because remember that I've also asked the states to give specific examples and in answer the the any of the 10 questions um in my call of inputs but if you can just give me a blurb on that and if there is any reference for the reference that you can also cite that we can look at um separately that would be lovely and of course that goes to everybody in this um in this consultation um data is of course yeah we've already spoken about data um and we are trying to get as much data as possible um with regard to Honduras what you are saying uh was actually very interesting um I did the working visit to Honduras about two years ago and frankly I have not heard anything concerning climate change um and and I think it's important to to really um have that as part and parcel of the of the discussion um with regard to law making um I think Somalia and Niger have mentioned it um and in Felicity uh you you know very well that I went to Niger on an official visit and it would be fantastic if I can get if if there could be some um some contribution on on specifically on how the um national law can be actually useful um in terms of getting the climate change IDPs quote unquote on the agenda um because the purpose of one of the purposes of my outcomes concrete outcomes of my visit to Niger was actually the adoption of the national law so I can actually also be in a position to bilaterally push Niger because I visited Niger I have recommendations in that and in addition if I can include Niger as a very specific example on a national law that can be useful for climate change IDPs I can also push Niger on that um and that hopefully will also help you in in the in that regard same with Somalia um even though I haven't been able to um visit Somalia um Kristoff but the fact that they have ratified the Kampala Convention and in South Sudan as well very recently you know those are hooks that I can use um with that that in terms of extrapolating my report to those hooks so to speak thank you thank you so much Cecilia so with your remarks in mind I'll hand over to Yasin followed by Zuhair and we happy Horkin, Ahmad and Trampa Yasin the floor is yours thank you William and hello colleagues wherever you are and hope you are safe and hello Cecilia we met in in Libya two three years back during your visit to Libya so looking to to Syria um is so if we look to the Syria the protracted nature of the crisis continue to create an increasingly complex and interconnected protection issue and needs that affect all population groups and we're talking about 10 years of conflict resulted in in more than six millions uh IDPs and also around five millions refugees outside the country um however conflict armed conflict still the main uh uh uh cause of conflict but uh cause of displacement however talking about things of conflict the conflict itself it's become like a driver to other cause uh to displacement so we are looking any any environmental or access to market or COVID things it due to the conflict become a new cause of displacement like looking in the last few weeks where is Zalira and the currency of the of the Syrian have been collapsed which is also start leading a thousand and thousand of people moving from place to another looking trying to have access to market and job and job also so one of the things um I don't think which is Syria is unique of it which is also preventing the partner including protection and humanitarian partners to have a concrete and long-term intervention to help them finding the local solution for displacement is the sanction so a lot of protection humanity and partners are not able to bring uh money or resources or material to the country to or to have a long-term project uh or objectives to try to find a solution uh to the displacement because of the sanction put in Syria because of the political issue a and and a lot of partners not trying and doing advocacy in the last few years to find a way to be supported to to make it clear to the international community that sanction cannot include the humanitarian assistance so this is something we I think we have to work globally and maybe there is also not only Syria there are places where we can as a humanitarian find a way not to include and under these sanctions because political uh political reason uh so um uh so this is one of the main issue I'm sure aware of lots of colleagues aware of the Syrian crisis but that's my hope that's uh like um special or colleagues can take this issue looking how we can do as a humanitarian to find a way to be something from all this political and sanction issue to be able to have a long-term uh intervention and also to have a dialogue with the government whatever the government uh committing is doing but we still need to have that dialogue as still uh the government controlling like 70 80 percent of the country and we are not able to do anything uh uh without their approval meanwhile we have a lot of pressure from the donor and international community for not uh interacting with the authorities which is not benefiting the humanitarian and protection actors to to do something about displacement and support return thank you thank you very much yes i have seven more speakers and i will stop with these seven and then hand over back to uh to sisi nia for the next step so zuhair followed by muridaki zuhair go ahead uh hello colleagues this is uh zuhair imam protection cluster sudan uh just i will start with the the legal framework for IDPs in sudan actually uh sudan not ratified the uh campala convention yet and we don't have also national IDP law however we have national policy uh on uh IDPs uh uh regarding the natural disaster the induced displacement yeah the the policy uh uh uh include uh you know uh recognize those who are displaced by natural disaster as IDPs uh the the uh uh it goes without saying that sudan uh you know uh before the revolution and sudan after revolution it's completely different and now with this new political development really we are as a protection cluster here in sudan uh we are uh advocating with the government to ratify to sign a ratify campala convention uh i think that's the first step uh then we will see how we can go with the national IDP policy uh i believe that uh it's it's uh the the ratification of campala convention is a priority and and the uh for the national policy it's need to be updated also because i think it's out lot now uh outdated uh so also i think we uh we we we can include the the natural disaster that climate change and national natural disaster agenda in in in the the uh policy i um the coordination uh what i want to say because here in sudan regarding the natural disaster actually we have like uh three uh or three main um types we have the the the the float uh the certification and and you know but uh mainly float uh you know uh is the the the uh the one that you know has coordination mechanism within the iscg uh which protection cluster participating in the there is also a national float task force led by the humanitarian aid commission what i want to say here there is no multi hazard coordination mechanisms and the this issue because like you know some even the the government counterparts because we have some uh development uh government counterpart they're working separately so that's why i believe uh the humanitarian development peace nexus is very very important when it comes to the issues related to climate change and natural disaster uh the uh also the uh data uh uh i we have uh we don't have like uh good information management system uh regarding other type of national disasters for example uh the float uh we have coordination mechanism for float but as humanitarian we don't have that type of coordination mechanism for uh other type of uh natural disaster uh the uh uh i uh i see the the the impact of uh this uh float it's compared to the conflict induced displacement it's yeah it's few uh like for example we have uh more than three million uh idp's in sudan conflict induced uh idp's and last year just let me read yeah 400 000 uh displaced due to float i fully agree with the colleagues who uh highlighted you know the the regional coordination and internally also i think we need also to uh give more attention to uh to to the uh climate change and natural disaster displacement uh we need also to do our home work i uh i don't know but for me i think from legal perspective also the accountability of the of the government as we know you know when it comes to uh financial most of the countries uh uh predicted to be affected uh by uh the uh natural disaster are in uh Sahel in Africa so very you know it's the the issue of financial is uh it's really uh important to to uh to draw a to to draw the attention to and uh so that's why i fully agree with my colleague uh Kristoff regarding you know the involvement of uh donors and uh early warning early action uh because even internally uh from the legal perspective the constitution and you know the realization of economic uh social and cultural rights uh have less attention than you know even i don't know if it's in in other countries globally uh less attention than the uh uh the political uh civil and political rights and those you know affected by the climate change and natural disasters uh most of their rights related to economic social cultural rights what i want to say i think also in our agenda uh for Sicily i think uh the uh economic and social and cultural rights uh more push also we need uh on this uh thank you and over to you William thank you very much uh for the comprehensive uh inputs let me hand over to Muihaki good good evening colleagues i'm Muihaki Kenyanjui i'm uh coming in into Nigeria as a senior protection officer based in Abuja and uh i will be very very brief because we have provided some written comments on a number of the points that Syria has requested in the call for inputs but i would want to highlight the fact that um uh in Nigeria the conflict continues in the northeast region since 2009 we've we've seen that Boko Haram and the non-state non-armed groups have taken advantage of vulnerable communities around the rate chart the basis in the northeast region and that this conflict is gone on it's over now 10 years but it's important to to note that um as we are addressing the impact on the vulnerable communities and the displaced population um where to begin to to to identify whether the the the course of displacement is conflict or was originally as as a result of or of or climate change the impact the conflict between the harding community and the farming communities this is an issue that we continuously see because in the northeast region uh it's suffering from the certification deforestation and drought and this continue to escalate the conflict between the nomadic communities and the and the and the farming communities so this is something that has consistently been seen and it is being recognized that um with consistent changes in rainfall and and and and hot and dry conditions this will exacerbate frauds droughts and hamper agricultural production and um agriculture accounts for around 23 percent of the GDP for Nigeria so when when when when climate change the impact it's very slow however it impacts communities and pushes them to the edge these are issues that are being seen even when you analyze the the changing nature of the conflict in terms of um in terms of some examples of what Nigeria has done uh it did ratify the 2015 parry agreement and made seven point plans as read down by the president however how this report would assist is in terms of or accountability with regard to the commitments that states have made in terms of the implementation because they made the commitment they signed but in terms of the concrete implementation of those seven points read out in the president's commitment um the other issue that I wanted to highlight is the fact that um the conflict um between headers and farmers in Nigeria is is has been seen to have a subword movement as headers search for more grazing rod and it has resulted in further crashes expanding the the the the the range of the conflict and in certain instances you find internally displaced persons not being displaced once but several times uh one of the key issues that uh that uh this report would would help is an advocacy with regard to uh documentation and and when we talk about documentation is documentation that will be will be recognized by the the state governments even down at the regional level because we have the federal state and we have the local government uh uh authorities so if these documentation to communities with regard to where they reside with regard to where the um uh where the the the the resources are it could help when it comes to uh reclaiming housing and property rights when there is the process to to to reclaim properties so that is one area that will be most helpful with regard to this report thank you thank you and and other details other details are are included in in our written report in our written comments so thank you so much colleagues in a true protection coordinator it took us a while to warm up now I have to start uh limiting the time of your intervention so uh if you can limit your intervention to one and then follow up inviting that will be there Jorge good morning can you hear me loud and clear can you hear me William loud and clear please go ahead okay I'm Jorge Alvarez Niebas protection officers in El Salvador and coordinator in the cluster uh only very shortly I would like to to explain that last January uh the general assembly approved the comprehensive and law for an special law for IDPs but uh climate changes was not included in the law despite the fact uh currently we are dealing with a storm Amanda in this in this sense uh it could be important that climate changes will be included in the in the project of law over thank you so much Jorge for the gravity thank you very much William and Cecilia for organizing this session and greetings to all colleagues in Philippines we have more than 374 000 persons being displaced due to armed conflict natural disasters and violence however almost 55 percent of this displacement is caused by natural disasters so we're talking about more than 207 000 persons due to Philippines location along with a typhoon built and ring of fires which makes it brown to typhoons floods and earthquakes but we can also see droughts coming to Philippines from time to time which forces people to move to different locations in Philippines there is a legislative and policy framework to address climate change as well as managing and mitigating disasters however it seems that there is an inconsistency in terms of implementation of these policies amongst local governments and this is because of different capacities resources and the other support that is available to the local LG use the local governments in some areas local officials are not even aware of these laws and policies Philippines is actually quite advanced in terms of developing a national climate change action plan with strategic priorities of food security water ecosystem and environmental stability in terms of our recommendations from Philippines to the report we would like to make two recommendations one is to ensure that displacement is on the identified risk situations that impact human security under this national climate change and further enhance the capacities and provide support to local governments thank you very much William over to you and colleagues thank you so much the Cecilia knows a little bit about the Philippines yes I always awkward to talk about Philippines and looking at Cecilia because she she's of course from Philippines she's been working with the government and partners and she supported us a lot in a number of activities so I would like to kindly yes also look at Cecilia for her additional contribution and insight on Philippines thank you very much thank you Mohammed Fanta the floating okay thank you Fanta is my name Jivisa Plaster coordinator in South Sudan I will try to be very brief the point that I want to mention is about how not a single isolated event but a multiple incidents of IDP situation that could be driven by multiple factors are really creating protection related issues and also vulnerability to women girls children and also even people with disability and other vulnerable groups looking at our original situation when I say region I'm looking at around the Horn of Africa where we have South Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and the likes that the issue of climate induced hazard profiles are increasing as it might be the case in any other part of the world but looking at the South Sudan context for instance when we are talking about climate induced IDPs we should not treat it as something as an isolated because even if we say conflict related IDPs that is the climate change induced the situation might happen in a circumstances where a given population the same population might might have been affected by armed conflict again that will be followed up by let's say flooding or drought which is also climate induced IDP and then after that before they recover or build up the acid again they will be affected by another form of conflict which is intercommunal violence or cattle raiding so all these multitude drivers of conflict even if we have to look at the intersection between conflict and the climate induced IDPs we have to be in mind that the consequence and the degree of severity may vary from place to place and that that issue should be into consideration when we are designing our policy papers especially one size does not fit all that is one point the other thing which I won't talk about is in terms of the level of awareness and response even if we are talking about climate induced IDPs from my own experience in Ethiopia in 2016 2017 drought would not have equal attention as it as flooding can bring most of the time those long said climate induced IDPs they tend to be not to get the appropriate attention beat by the government authorities or the humanitarian actors so that is also another important aspect that we have to the third thing is about mine action specifically looking at our context here in South Sudan some locations have those ordinances which need to be cleared even before accessing IDPs so while we are talking about IDPs we have to also look at some of the limiting factors even if the policy environment is clearly stipulated and allowing access to providing humanitarian assistance but then we have to also look at the other aspect like for instance as I've said the mine issue which may severely affect access to provide the marketing humanitarian assistance these are my points thank you thank you so much Thank you very much Sarah Palace and protection cluster coordinator in chat and thank you very much to the special operator for this opportunity and initiative I just wanted to echo a little bit what's been said by our colleagues in Nigeria and draw attention to the lake chat basin and perhaps in follow-up to this call I will share a couple of resources in addition to the comments that will make on the on the document shared but basically in the lake chat basin while conflict remains the main driver of displacement most of the people who live in the in the in the basin subsist mainly on farming fishing fishing and pastoral livelihoods and have been deeply affected by and also displaced by climate change linked to the diminishing of the lake over the past 60 years I think the estimate is that it's shrunk around 90 percent since since the 1960s and there is a study made by the organization climate refugees in 2007 which highlights that some of the first displacement in the basin were actually due to climate change and I also would like to emphasize the point made by my colleague in Sudan on the importance of the nexus the humanitarian development and peace nexus where I think we are seeing in chat we're seeing some positive examples and also other areas where we miss we may wish to see more focus on climate change in in policies and in regional dialogues and national strategies one positive example though is the provincial security and development plan for the lake chat province for 2019 and 2023 that has as one of its specific one of its five strategic objectives focus on building resilience focus on renewable energy and addressing some of the structural issues that are making IDPs and other marginalized groups specifically vulnerable to the effects of climate change so that's I think a positive example and I'll be happy to share the the strategy and another point though which may warrant a recommendation and something to be brought out in by the special officer would be if you look at the the regional protection dialogues for the lake chat basins that have been taken place the first one was in 2016 the second one in last year amongst the key engagement made by the by the the four states countries in the lake chat base and you don't see climate change come out very clearly and all the four countries are now have developed national action plans that they're taking forward and maybe that would be something to look at how how more action on climate change can be integrated into the the action plans following what's called the the abuja declaration which really is a very high level government commitment to addressing peace and security and development issues in the lake chat basin I'll stop there thank you very much hello good afternoon colleagues I hope you can hear me all right the internet has been so great again okay so good afternoon from Mozambique just to touch upon some of the the issues that have been discussed and it's interesting to hear from colleagues from other operations and I can see that there's a lot of similarities that also apply to our context here in Mozambique so here in Mozambique we've had multiple and consecutive emergencies and that overlapping humanitarian needs in 2019 there were two major cyclones that hit Mozambique coast one in central Mozambique and one in the north in addition we have serious food insecurity droughts in the southern part of the country as well as a situation of insecurity that is increasing now last year alone there's left more than 2.5 million people in need of humanitarian assistance which is more than 10% of the country's total population in addition we have 1.4 million people food insecure and a low rain season in early 2020 which has led to also secondary needs such as malnutrition and disease outbreaks in communities so these multiple and overlapping emergencies and humanitarian needs have been quite a challenge for us to also address with in a relatively small operation so we've had to scale up quite significantly and to to set up a response that responds to not only multiple and overlapping needs but also in different parts of the country ranging from extreme droughts and food insecurity in the south to serious weather events flooding and rain in the north and the centre of the country as well as conflict in the north the Kampala Convention has been signed by the government of Mozambique but not ratified there is no national law in Mozambique to cover internal displacements and even the definition and understanding of what is an internally displaced person is not well understood there's also not a clear structure on the government side as to the protection coordination of IDP response here in Mozambique and there's been some significant restructuring also in the government in the past six months I echo also what some other colleagues said about regional coordination and some of these climate induced disasters are very much symptomatic and common in southern Africa such as droughts and other serious weather events so regional coordination is of utmost importance we also need to strengthen the government leadership and commitment to passing the Kampala Convention to ensure that internal displacements including displacement caused by serious weather events which by the way Mozambique is highly probable to have reoccurring and new weather events similar to the scale as well we had last year so ratification of Kampala Convention is of high importance which also then would allow further promotion of durable solutions so last month UNHCR handed over to coordination of protection work in response to cyclone edi in central Mozambique to government authorities but there seems to be across the board amongst humanitarian partners quite a limited understanding and somewhat mixed understanding of whether a durable solution has been found to the situation of displacement that is purely caused by a natural disaster or not so our understanding is that there continue to be more than 100,000 people alone in central Mozambique displaced by a cyclone without a proper durable solution so the protection clusters also engaged you to strengthen the humanitarian development nexus in this field so I think that's that's a overview of the situation here and thank you for this opportunity and platform to discuss thank you so much okay well listen William it's really been very rich thank you so much colleagues in the field and it's I mean we are getting a lot of reaffirmations but we are also I'm we're also getting some very interesting emphasis on of course law and policy and the implementation of such law and policy where they do exist and of course it's also very interesting for me because in Africa there is quite more emphasis if you want on regional coordinator a coordination which does not necessarily exist in other continents so and and and I think that would be a very good angle to make us make in the report because it would be very interesting to link not only compiler convention in regional coordination but in also in other processes like what was emphasized on the Abuja declaration and the you know the Lake Chad basin so to speak I think it's the other thing I picked up very interestingly is of course this emphasis not only on the multiplicity of events and of course of drivers but also what the last speaker said from Mozambique concerning the overlapping protection needs and I think it would be important for us I think to to get more information on that because the last question we have in the quest in the call for inputs is not only with regard to the interlinkage between climate change and and conflict and violence for example in terms of costs and protection needs etc but also in terms of unfortunate the unfortunate division that protection needs are not being looked at holistically but rather depending on the driver of the of the displacement and as you have most of you have already rightly described these drivers of displacement are actually very much interlinked I think I will stop there also because we're running out of time but no it's been very very rich so I really would like to thank everybody who have participated in this I also am looking at the chat box and we are taking note of that I think this this William Nancy this consultation is being recorded so that would be very helpful to our note takers and of course to the to the drafting of the report I have I think three or four people of my support team in here I will be typing in the in the box where we asked you to send written contributions so it's IDP at OHCHR.org and one of my support staff Natalia is in charge of that so and so if there's anything please please do submit inputs but this consultation has been very helpful in the framing of the the issues so thank you very much thank you so much Nancy and and and of course especially William and to all the people who have contributed to this rich discussion thank you so much Cecilia this was a success it was rich it was cool and fresh and very relevant I think we will do similar concentrations more often I think we should be having twice or twice a year to to create that local to global linkage and benefit from from your advocacy words and as well as sharing with you our field knowledge in a more structured way colleagues in operations I thank you so much I know how precious it is to take two hours of your time for the consultation away from operations I promise knowing Cecilia that this will pay off my advocacy and hopefully you manage to move some elements forward in your operations with this I thank you all and wish you all a good good evening and good afternoon bye bye thank you bye thank you thanks a lot everybody good night from here