 This study found that short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter, PM 2.5, is associated with an increased risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP, in pediatric patients who require artificial ventilation in the intensive care unit, ICU. The risk is particularly high among infants and young children, as well as those with low body mass index or suffering from pulmonary artery hypertension. Furthermore, even at lower levels than the national ambient air quality standard, NAICS, a 50G M-Cubed, PM 2.5 exposure is still associated with an increased risk of VAP. This article was authored by Jao Mai Kui, in Myanmar, UNUMU, and others.