 Good evening aspirants. Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar IS Academy for the date 21st May 2019. The list of articles which has been chosen for today's analysis along with the page numbers of Chennai, Bengaluru, Delhi and Tiruvannadu Prameditions are provided here. The link for the handwritten notes in the PDF format and the time stamping for the displayed articles is provided in the description box below. And the time stamping is also provided in the comments section for the benefit of smartphone users. Let's move on to the first article This article is an editorial which has appeared on page 8 in Chennai, Bengaluru and Tiruvannadu Prameditions on page 10 of Delhi edition. The discussion based on this article will be relevant in main syllabus under GS paper 2 in the areas India and its neighborhood relations, next in bilateral regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and or affecting India's interests. Next in effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests. In this article, the author discusses about India's stand on the Rohingya crisis. So before getting into the article discussion, let us know about Rohingyas and what the crisis is. Rohingya are an ethnic Muslim minority. An estimated 3.5 million Rohingyas are dispersed worldwide. And before August 2017, 1 million Rohingya resided in the Rakhine state of Myanmar. They differ from Myanmar's dominant Buddhist groups ethnically, linguistically and religiously. The Myanmar government denied the Rohingyas recognition as one of the country's official ethnic groups. And they are also considered illegal immigrants from Bangladesh, even though many trace their roots in Myanmar back to centuries. So the Myanmar government refuses to grant the Rohingya citizenship. And as a result, most of the group's members have no legal documentation, effectively making them stateless. Here stateless means a person who does not have a nationality of any country. Besides all this, the Rakhine state is Myanmar's least developed state, with a poverty rate of 78%. And the Myanmar government has effectively discriminated this ethnic group through restrictions on marriage, family planning, employment, education, religious choice and freedom of movement etc. For example, Rohingya must seek permission to marry, which may require them to bribe authorities and provide photographs of the bride without a headscarf and groom with a clean shaven face. And all these practices conflict with Muslim customs. Then the widespread poverty, poor infrastructure and a lack of employment opportunities in Rakhine worsened the cleavage between Buddhists and Muslim Rohingyas. Further, this tension is also depend by religious differences, which at times erupted into conflict. Then in August 2017, clashes broke out in Rakhine after a militant group known as the Arakhan Rohingya Salvation claimed responsibility for attacks on police and army posts. So the government declared ARSA as a terrorist organization and the military carried out a brutal attack that destroyed hundreds of Rohingya villages and forced nearly 7 lakh Rohingya to leave Myanmar. More than 6000 Rohingya were killed in the first month of attacks. It is also alleged that Myanmar's security forces also opened fire on fleeing civilians and even planted land mines near the border crossings used by Rohingya to flee to Bangladesh. All these led to Rohingyas fleeing the country and they become refugees in nearby countries such as Bangladesh, Malaysia and Thailand etc. The UN Secretary General described the violence on Rohingyas as ethnic cleansing. Some rights groups and UN leaders also suspect that acts of genocide have taken place. He knows that genocide is a term used to describe violence against members of a national, ethnic, racial or religious group with the intent to destroy the entire group. So as a result of all these, UN Human Rights Council drafted a resolution. This resolution expresses grave concern at continuing reports of serious human rights violations and abuses in Myanmar, particularly in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan states of Myanmar. This resolution is co-sponsored by European Union and Bangladesh and it calls for a full inquiry into the violence by the UN Human Rights Council's own mechanism and the International Criminal Court. Here know that the International Criminal Court or ICC investigates and tries individuals charged with the gravest crimes such as genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Now, let us see what is India's stance regarding the Rohingyas crisis. First, India abstained from voting on the draft resolution. The reason for this is, as stated by India's permanent representative to the UN is that supporting the draft resolution would only be counterproductive. This is because the resolution has extensive recommendations regarding legislative and policy actions on Myanmar and India does not want to threaten Myanmar with a punitive action by the ICC because neither India nor Myanmar is a signatory to ICC. And further, India continues to maintain ties with the Myanmar's armed forces which is called as Tatmadaw. India supplies the Tatmadaw with combat hardware. Then as a part of training exchange program, India also sent Indian Army to impart UN peacekeeping training to Myanmar armed forces. The training covered various aspects of peacekeeping including humanitarian relief operations, rebuilding infrastructure, providing civilian police support, monitoring borders and supporting electoral processes. As a part of this, the India Myanmar bilateral army exercise that is IMBEX 2018-19 was carried out this January at Chandi Mandir in Haryana. Then, according to the arms transfer database of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute that is CIPRI, India is one of Myanmar's top arms supplier and the weapons sales include military aircraft, artillery, naval vessels and reconnaissance equipment, armored vehicles, anti-submarine torpedoes and missiles. Here note that CIPRI is an independent international institute which is dedicated to research into conflict armaments, arms control and disarmament. India's core logic to supply arms is to modernize the Tatmadaw. This is carried out with the intent of securing India's 10640 kilometer plus border with Myanmar, then also to forge a sustainable strategic partnership with Myanmar. Next, India is choosing to balance ties with Dhaka which is the capital of Bangladesh and Naipida which is the capital of Myanmar. This is by sending humanitarian aid to both the countries. India sent relief materials to the Rohingya refuges in the Bangladesh and India is providing Myanmar with 25 million dollars for development projects including prefabricated houses in the Rakhine state. This is to enable the return of Rohingya Muslims who have fled the area. Now, let us see the author's criticism on India's stance. The author states that it is understandable that as a non-signatory of the ICC, New Delhi would register its dissent against any punitive interventions by the ICC on another non-signatory country that is Myanmar. But the author states that India continues a diplomatic and moral passivity on the Rohingya crisis which is deeply unfortunate. This is because the Myanmar army is facing charges of serious war crimes including genocide and as this was confirmed by the UN fact-finding mission and several other international human rights organizations. The author criticizes that despite this India still refuses to take a strong moral stand on the Rohingya issue which is only for the sake of maintaining cordial bilateral relations with Nipida. Then the author criticizes that India continues to accept Myanmar's actions on the issue and this increases the complexity of the whole situation because this acceptance shows that India is laying emphasis on economic development rather than political rights for the Rohingya. Also, it lays stress on internal inquiries only instead of international mechanisms. The author then says that even our Prime Minister has not publicly condemned the horrible atrocities of the Myanmar Security Forces which led to the suffering of Rohingya. The author points out that on his last visit to Myanmar in September 2017, our Prime Minister simply expressed concern at the loss of lives of security forces and innocent people due to the extremist violence in Rakhine state. There was no reference to the excessive and arbitrary force used by the security forces on Rohingya civilians. The author then states India is following an inflexible real politic approach. It means power politics and it is understood as the realistic approach to foreign policy. This approach only leaves little space for end-user accountability and a little space for human rights because India has not yet questioned so far whether Myanmar is using India supplied weapons to injure the non-combatant civilians in Rakhine state. Further, Indian companies continue to invest in Myanmar and many investors have direct links with Myanmar's security force owned businesses. Then most importantly, India has deported more than a dozen Rohingya refugees from India's territory to Myanmar and the author calls this as a violation of international and domestic legal norms because UNHCR mandates to provide international protection to refugees and to seek solution for refugee problems rather than just deportation of them back to their country. But here what we have to be concerned more about is Bangladesh's view on India's stance because Bangladesh is already blaming that Indian policy regarding the Rohingya crisis has always favored Myanmar and this is also clear by India's recent abstention from signing the draft resolution. This also shows that India provides no support for Bangladesh on the Rohingya issue which is hosting nearly a million Rohingya refugees. Here what we have to more worry is that if India continues to implicitly favor Myanmar at international forums, its much-valued bilateral ties with Bangladesh may suffer greatly. The author states India should have forged a regional compact instead of providing one-time economic aid to Bangladesh and Myanmar and this compact should have been to ensure sustained humanitarian assistance in addressing the short and long-term needs displaced Rohingya population. This compact would have ensued a better monitoring of the assistance as it would have provided data about where the aid is actually going. Finally, as a way forward the author provides some suggestions on what should be India's next move. First, India should acknowledge that human rights violations have been committed in Myanmar. Then holding people accountable those who are responsible for the violence. Then next reforming the Tatmadao on Myanmar's security force. Next, India can use the geoeconomic leverage that it enjoys with Myanmar. Based on this, India could compel Myanmar to bring the alleged perpetrators of war crimes to light and book them for the crime. If this cannot happen, at least India should try to get a guarantee from Myanmar that such violence on Rohingyas would not be repeated in the future. The author concludes by saying that for now India is happy to be in a stable but morally weak position with Myanmar which provides only some economic benefits to India. But here the real victims Rohingyas continue to be stateless and did not get any justice. With this we come to the end of this analysis. The displayed main question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next article which talks about stubble burning in state of Punjab. This article has appeared on page 6 in Delhi edition only. The discussion based on this article will be relevant in your prelims preparation under current events of national importance. And it means it will be relevant in general studies paper 3 under environmental pollution and degradation and it can also be linked to issues and constraints faced by farmers. Before entering into the article, let us know what stubble burning is. The word stubble means crop residues such as stalk and straw. After harvesting using machines these there will be crop residue left in the land. To remove this crop residue mechanized methods are required or huge labor is required. To avoid such difficulties farmers spend just 1 rupee for a matchstick and burn the entire residue of all crops in one go. This burning of crop residue is called as stubble burning. The smoke that comes as a result of the burning in the states of Punjab and Haryana are carried by winds to the northern India and particularly Delhi. There they add up with suspended particulate matter and contribute to the air pollution. This leads to significant damages to human health and environmental health. Note that burning of crop residue also destroys soil nutrients and thus it increases the cost of fertilizer or manure. The news article states that there is a dip or drop in stubble burning incidents in the state of Punjab this year in the reference period from April 15 to May 16. If we compare with the number of incidents last year for the period from April 15 to May 16 we can find that there is a drop of almost 40%. As the number of incidents last year for the reference period is 9,900 and the number of incidents this year is 5,981 only. There are around 718 districts in India and there are 22 districts in the state of Punjab. The news article gives us name of four districts in the state of Punjab. Three districts are known for more number of stubble burning incidents in the reference period. These are Sanguru district, Bathinda district and Amritsar district. Rupnagar district registered less number of such incidents in the reference period. You can highlight these districts as examples when required in main sansa writing. The discussed period is taken for reference as the period coincides with the harvesting season for wheat which is the main winter crop. It is a rabbi crop grown during rabbi crop season. Rabbi crop season starts with the end of southwest monsoon when the sowing begins and ends when harvesting is done before the arrival of next southwest monsoon. The wheat crop is sown in the months from October to November and harvested in the months from February till May. Punjab and Haryana yield the highest amount of wheat because of the availability of better irrigation facilities. Agricultural experts occur two reasons for the downturn in the incidents this year. One is the farmers realize the bad effects of stubble burning and two deterrence to burn the crop residues because they could be punished by penalties for burning the stubble as there is a ban on stubble burning in the state of Punjab. However the stubble burning that happens in the months of October and November which is the harvesting season for paddy crop is causing the air pollution problem. More than the stubble burning that happens in the months of February to May. This is because in the winter the smoke has great potential to add up with already existing smog in Delhi and other regions. Also during wheat harvesting only the stalk will be burnt as a stubble. The remaining parts of crop residue will be used as food for cattle but during the paddy harvesting in the months of October and November farmers burn both the paddy stalk and paddy straw. This is a key contributing factor of pollution which causes breathing problems in the northern region during winter. With this we come to the end of this article discussion. The displayed prelims question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next article which is about diabetes awareness. This news article has appeared on page 18 of Chennai edition and on page 16 of Bengaluru and Tirunathapuram edition. The analysis of this news article will be helpful in your prelims preparation under general science and your main preparation. It will be helpful in GS paper 2 under issues relating to development and management of social sector or social services relating to health and also under issues relating to poverty and hunger. The article discusses about the results on the study about diabetes in India. This diabetes study has been conducted by Public Health Foundation of India and five other institutes which are Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Birmingham and University of Gottingen. Know that the Public Health Foundation of India or PHFI is a public private initiative that has collaboratively evolved through consultations with multiple constituencies including Indian and international academia, state and central governments, multilateral and bilateral agencies and civil society groups. The data taken for this study is the National Health and Family Survey 4 of 2015-16. The sample taken for study was 7.3 lakh population in the age group of 15 to 49 years. This age group is the most productive age group which means they are active and involved in employment. Hence this age group was considered for the study. This study covered every district of all the states and unit territories in India. The aim of the study is to know if those adults in the most productive age group having diabetes is having access to health care or not. With this study necessary targeted health interventions can be designed. Also the progress in performance of diabetes management can be monitored over time with the help of this study. Now in this context let us discuss about diabetes from Praline's perspective. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that occurs due to deficiency in insulin levels or because of insulin action or both. Because of these two or the combination of these two factors the blood glucose levels become very high. This condition is called as hyperglycemia. This condition affects the eye, kidney, nerves and blood vessels. Now see this table. The blood glucose levels for a normal and diabetic person is given for your reference. Blood glucose levels are monitored at two stages. One is the fasting stage which is before having any food and the other is the fed stage which is after having the food. A normal person's blood glucose levels in fasting state will be between 70 and 100 milligram per deciliter whereas for the diabetic person it will be equal to or more than 126 milligram per deciliter. Next a normal person's blood glucose levels in fed state will be between 140 milligram per deciliter whereas for the diabetic person it will be equal to or more than 200 milligram per deciliter. So now we know that high glucose levels in the blood leads to diabetes. Here glucose is the main source of energy in the body. Glucose is basically a carbohydrate. Any food that we consume has three macronutrients namely carbohydrates, proteins and fats. So from whatever food we eat we derive glucose. It is digested and absorbed in the gut and this gives energy for the body to function normally. So the main source of glucose is the food we eat. There is also other source of glucose which is stored by the human body in the liver and muscles. It is called as glycogen. Now you need to know that insulin helps in the conversion of excess blood sugar into glycogen and this glycogen in turn will be stored in the liver and muscles. When you don't eat this glycogen is converted into glucose which releases energy for the body to function normally. Thus insulin is crucial for the maintaining of blood glucose levels. Remember that insulin is a hormone which is secreted in the beta cells of pancreas. As we saw earlier the proper secretion and the sensitivity of insulin is crucial for maintaining the balance of glucose levels in the blood. If there is normal secretion of insulin and also if the insulin sensitivity is high the blood sugar levels will be under control. But if both misbehave then it will lead to accumulation of blood glucose. It is nothing but the increase in the blood glucose levels. We call this condition as diabetes mellitus or more commonly as diabetes. Now look at the table to compare yourself for the difference in the blood glucose values between a normal and a diabetic person. Now this diabetes is classified into few types. First is the type 1 diabetes. It is also called as insulin dependent diabetes. This type is largely hereditary in nature which is passed from one generation to the next. Next is the type 2 diabetes. It is also called as non-insulin dependent diabetes. Here the body either does not produce enough insulin or it resists insulin. Resists here means the insulin sensitivity is low. Hence it is called as non-insulin dependent diabetes. Hence this type 2 is also sometimes called as a lifestyle disease. We will see some causes for this shortly. Next is the gestational diabetes. Blood glucose levels become high during pregnancy but it usually disappears after birth. Also there are many specific types of diabetes which is not significant from examination point of view. Now let us see some major causes of diabetes in India. Around 7.8% of India's population is suffering from diabetes. Majority of them suffer from type 2 diabetes disease. We saw that this type 2 diabetes is also sometimes called as lifestyle disease. It is majorly caused due to lifestyle issues like obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet and like. Here sedentary means physically inactive like people who keep sitting in one position and those who work for a long time sitting in one position. This may also lead to physical and mental stress in person which can lead to diabetes. So a combination of these factors can lead to diabetes. The other major cause for diabetes which we saw earlier was the hereditary or genetic nature. Now look at this picture. You can find some symptoms of diabetes here like a weight loss, tiredness, excessive hunger, excessive thirst for water. Also diabetic people suffer from frequent urination, blurred vision and also a delayed wound healing. With this background about diabetes, let us see the results of the study that is given in the news article. The result states that only 50% of the Indians in the age group of 15 to 49 years considered for the study are aware that they are suffering from diabetes and only one fourth of those diagnosed and treated for diabetes have their blood glucose levels under control. This study also states reasons for poor awareness, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in rural India and these reasons are poverty and illiteracy. Here there is either very poor diabetic care or there is no diabetic care. Next let us see some statistics regarding diabetes which is given across the news article. The study found that across the country awareness, treatment and control levels were lowest in the unit area of Dhamman Ndu and highest in the state of Meghalaya. You do not require to memorize the numbers given in this news article. There is one another statistics present in the news article which is regarding the largest state with undiagnosed and untreated diabetes in India. In terms of percentage of total population, it is Goa and Andhra Pradesh and in terms of absolute numbers or exact numbers it is Uttar Pradesh. With this we come to the end of this analysis. The displayed prelims question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next news article which talks about the report of UN office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights on the alleged human rights violation in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. This article has appeared on page 1 and 10 in Chennai, Bengaluru and Tirunathapuram editions and on pages 1 and 12 of Delhi edition. The discussion based on this article will be relevant in your prelims preparation under current events of national and international importance and in main it can be linked to general studies paper 3 under the role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security. The article talks about a report on the human rights situation in Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistan occupied Kashmir. The report is published in the month of June 2018 by the office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights of United Nations. The office of High Commissioner for Human Rights was created by the member states of the United Nations in 1993. The mandate of the office is to promote and protect the enjoyment and full realization of all rights by all people all over the world. By all rights it means all the rights established in the charter of the United Nations and in international human rights laws and treaty. Note that the United Nations Human Rights Council is different from office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. The Human Rights Council is an intergovernmental body with the United Nations system. It was created in the year 2006. Human Rights Council is responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe and for addressing situations of human rights violation and make recommendations on them. Human Rights Council has 47 members based on equitable geographical distribution while the office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights is an UN office shortly called as UN Human Rights. Currently India is a member in Human Rights Council and it serves as a member from 1st January 2019 and this is for a period of three years. The office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights is a headquartered at Geneva in Switzerland and note that the Human Rights Council also meets at the UN office in Geneva. The published report on the human rights situation in Jammu and Kashmir had raised several questions on human rights violations in Jammu and Kashmir. Some of them were related to burning and damaging of around 30 schools by armed groups during the unrest in Jammu and Kashmir in the year 2016. While the central government states that schools remained open during 2016 unrest but the state government of Jammu and Kashmir in November 2016 has mass promoted the students who are studying in lower classes including 8th, 9th and 11th classes. This was done citing the inability to complete the school curriculum by the state government of JNK. The report also states that there were multiple cases of children under 18 years who were being detained under the Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act of 1978 during the 2016 unrest. The report also states that around 130 to 145 civilians were killed by Indian security forces between mid-July 2016 and end of March 2018. The news article states that in 2018 alone 8 civilians were killed of which 4 of them were children. Another report published by a non-government organization has documented 432 cases of suspected human rights violation by the security forces and it states that out of 432 cases only 27 had been investigated by the State Human Rights Commission of JNK. Coming to India stand India has rejected the June report published by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. It mentioned that the report was made with a clear bias against the government of India by the High Commissioner of Human Rights. Special rapporteurs of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights have sent communications to government of India several times. The communications were regarding actions taken in Jammu and Kashmir with respect to the alleged human rights violations and about the permission to visit Jammu and Kashmir to assess the situation and also to assist the victims of human rights violations etc. Here note that a special rapporteur is an independent expert appointed to examine and report back on a country's human rights situation. India has not considered the request of special rapporteurs and has now signaled that it will not respond to the communications based on the report and it will not respond with respect to the human rights situation in the state of Jammu and Kashmir also. Now let us see some of the recommendations given to the government of India in the report published by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. First recommendation is to repeal the Armed Forces Jammu and Kashmir Special Powers Act of 1990 and to remove the provision regarding the prior central government permission to prosecute security forces personal accused of human rights violation. Next to establish independent impartial and credible investigations to probe all civilian killings which have occurred since July 2016. Next to investigate all cases of abuses committed by violent armed groups in Jammu and Kashmir including the killings of minority Kashmiri Hindus since the late 1980s. The next recommendation is to provide reparations and rehabilitation to all injured individuals and to the family of those killed in the security operations. The next is to investigate and prosecute all cases of sexual violence allegedly perpetrated by the state and non-state actors and to provide reparations to the victims. Here the state actors refers to officials of central and the state governments whereas the non-state actors refers to those who are part of armed groups. To end restrictions on the movement of journalists and arbitrary bans of the publication of newspaper in Jammu and Kashmir, then it also recommends India to ratify two conventions. First one is the international convention for protection of all persons from enforced disappearance. This convention is about imprisonment of a person by the government and the government refuses to share about the details of the disappeared persons. And the next convention is against torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment and its optional protocol. Here note that India has signed both the conventions but has not yet ratified them. And as a final recommendation to government of India, the report suggests to fully respect the right of self-determination of the people of Kashmir under international law. This final recommendation means that at any time a referendum or a plebiscite can be conducted in Jammu and Kashmir to ask whether they want to stay in India or in Pakistan. Here note that referendum or plebiscite is a general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision. With this we come to the end of this discussion. The displayed problems question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the last article for the day which talks about the southwest monsoon of India. The article has appeared on page 8 in Chennai, Bengaluru and Tiruvannathapura medicines and on page 10 in the Delhi edition. The discussion based on this article will be relevant in the prelims preparation under Indian physical geography and in main syllabus it will be relevant in GS paper 1 under salient features of world physical geography. In this article the author talks about the prediction given by the Indian meteorological department about the southwest monsoon. The IMD has stated that the monsoon would arrive in the first week of June in the state of Kerala. That is the monsoon rain bearing winds coming from southwest of India will hit the state of Kerala in the first week of June. IMD has also predicted that this year there could be a normal rainfall of 96% of the long period average of 89 cm for the period June to September. Here note that the long period average is the average taken for a longer period. Here it is from 1951 to 2000. Hence the average of southwest monsoon rainfall over these 50 years is called as long period average in this context and for all over the country during June to September this value is 89 cm of rainfall. The author states that IMD has also signaled a significant possibility of deficit monsoon. The southwest monsoon is a determinant of India's overall prosperity and it is crucial for the cropped areas that are rain fed. About 60% of gross cropped area in farming in India is rain fed. This represents around 45% of agricultural output. The rainfall is important for the health of forests, rivers, wetlands, farms and is useful for industries and cities as well for various purposes. The author says that the distribution pattern this year's monsoon will help us with more information about the linkages between the monsoon rainfall and the atmospheric changes caused by a variety of pollutants. The author here talks about two important concerns. Firstly the effect of aerosol pollutants on the southwest monsoon by affecting the uniform speed of the monsoon. It has been found that aerosol is an important agent in cloud formation. Here note that NCRT textbook states that clouds are aerosols having small droplets of water suspended in air. The aerosol pollutants that are released by various industrial and agricultural processes are found to inhibit the growth of cloud effective radius. It also plays a role in reduced cloud droplet growth and in shortage of water content in clouds. Thus the pollutants can affect the clouds micro physical processes which has the potential to alter the uniform distribution of monsoon. Thus aerosols may suppress the rainfall causing long breaks in receiving the rainfall at the right time. The clouds formed by the influence of such aerosol pollutants will also affect the incoming solar radiation in reaching the earth surface and it can also affect the local convective rainfall mechanism. The other concern of the author is about the freshwater availability in the present trend of increasing urbanization and severe water crisis. This water crisis is being faced by the residents of urban regions. Therefore, the author suggests mandatory rain water harvesting policies and their enforcement to tap the life-giving resource of rain water that comes through the monsoon as surface runoff. Here surface runoff normally means water from rain, snow, melt or other sources that flows over the land surface. In addition to rain water harvesting the author also suggests taking necessary efforts to preserve water surface by building new reservoirs or dams. With this we have come to the end of this article discussion and we have also come to the end of our analysis session. Moving on to the last session for the day which is the practice questions discussion session. The first question here is consider the following statements. First statement the rabbi crops are usually sown after the departure of the southwest monsoon and are harvested before the arrival of the southwest monsoon in the subsequent year. Second statement wheat is one of the main crops grown in the states of Punjab and Haryana and it is a rabbi crop. Which of the above statements is or are correct? We saw in our discussion that the rabbi crops are usually sown after the departure of the southwest monsoon and are harvested before the arrival of the southwest monsoon in the subsequent year. So, the first statement is correct. Also know that curry cropping season is from July to October and rabbi cropping season is from October to March. Now here the second statement is also correct because wheat is a rabbi crop and it is a main crop grown in the states of Punjab and Haryana. We already discussed this in our analysis. Now also know some of other rabbi crops like barley, linseed, mustard, oil seeds etc. And rice and paddy is an example of curry crop not rabbi crop. So, the correct answer to this question is option C both 1 and 2. Next question is consider the following statements. First statement diabetes milleters is a metabolic disorder that occurs due to a deficiency of insulin or insulin action or both. Second statement type 2 diabetes is also called as insulin dependent diabetes which of the above statements is or are correct. In the discussion session we already studied that diabetes milleters is a metabolic disorder that occurs due to deficiency of insulin or insulin action or both. This leads to high glucose levels in the blood. So, the first statement is correct. The second statement states that type 2 diabetes is also called as insulin dependent diabetes. If you would have paid attention to our discussion session we studied that type 2 diabetes is sometimes also called as lifestyle disease. The low insulin sensitivity is a major factor causing type 2 diabetes. This low insulin sensitivity may be due to lifestyle disorders like obesity, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle etc. Hence, type 2 diabetes is also called as non-insulin dependent diabetes. So, here the second statement is wrong. As the question asks for the correct statements here only statement 1 is correct. So, the correct answer to this question is option A 1 only. Next question is consider the following statements. First statement the UN Human Rights Council is an intergovernmental body of 47 United Nations member states responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe. Second statement the Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights has its headquarters at Geneva Switzerland which of the above statements is or are correct. Here we know from our discussion that statement 1 is correct as UN HRC is an intergovernmental body and it is responsible for strengthening the promotion protection of human rights around the globe. And the second statement is also correct as the Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights headquartered at Geneva Switzerland. But note that the Human Rights Council is not same as the Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights. The Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights was established in 1993. The Human Rights Council was established in 2006. As the question asks for the correct statement here both the statements are correct. So, the correct option to this question is option C both 1 and 2. Now, let us see one main question based on GS paper 2. India's diplomatic as well as moral passivity with respect to Rohingya crisis has been attracting global criticism, examine. Here the word passivity means accepting or allowing what others do without active response or resistance. In this case it refers to India's acceptance of Myanmar's actions of violence on Rohingya community without active response. So, here for answering the question mention about India's abstinence from voting on the draft resolution, then India's ties with Myanmar's security forces etc. That is the points which we already discussed under India's stance in our analysis. Then list out the criticism such as deporting Rohingya refugees back to their country, real politic approach of India etc. Substantiate these points with required reasons. Also try to add your own viewpoints based on your understanding of today's analysis. Don't forget to like, comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar IS Academy YouTube channel for more updates on civil service examination preparation.