 Hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its clean and renewable nature. However, one of the main challenges in the commercialization of hydrogen is the efficient production of hydrogen at large scale. One potential solution is water-splitting electrolysis, whereby hydrogen is produced through the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen. Catalysis or electrocatalysis play a crucial role in the process, and the development of active, stable, and low-cost catalysts or electrocatalysts is necessary for achieving the desired electrocatalytic hydrogen production from water-splitting for practical use. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the design and preparation of nanostructured noble metal and non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production from water-splitting electrolysis. This article was authored by Shan Wang, Elin Liu, and Chuan Jianjong.