 There are three points I think that I would like to summarize here in terms of how to break the cycle first is We really need to look at the underlying drivers and local context in term of Determining how we should manage the fire. Yes, so there is no one size fits all formula in my mind Secondly, I think the clarity of who pay the cost and how is needed for effective fire management due to land uses for example in the case of tropical heat fire The third one I think linking this with the payment for ecosystem services scheme in terms of incentive mechanism, etc will be one effective Vehicle towards breaking the cycle of climate change and wildfires Let's take Indonesia for example because Indonesia is the country with the largest tropical heat mine area in the world so that Regard and fire that has happened in these areas really actually produce a lot of Produce significant carbon emission and also cause hazardous impacts over the years Including transponder is smoke and haze It it comes with huge cost Actually And the prevention can be done in terms of changing the means of land clearing to zero burning Yeah, and also avoiding fuel availability by maintaining the wetness of the vegetation and pit On pit land this can be done by blocking canals to keep the water table high enough and prohibiting the building of new canals There are policies that been land clearing without burning However for smallholder farmers often complying with such policy is not feasible since burning is the cheapest way to prepare their farms that they can afford Therefore a system approach that address rural livelihood in finding solutions To pit fire prevention needs to be in place So in a recent paper that I co-authored we showed that farmers can still generate a higher profit in clearing their land Their land without fire if they can apply good agricultural practices Programs and government policies that can facilitate good agricultural practices in conjunction with zero burning policy Can increase the effectiveness Also partners with partnership between large-scale Landholders and farmers in applying mechanized land preparation can also be an alternative The other way is that a management practice that combines trees with other many species that is a agroforestry system can help maintain soil humidity and Micro temperature and therefore can be promoted as smallholder farming system Which then can be linked as well to payment for ecosystem services