 So there's quite a bit of variation in turnover across the country. We see that in states, there are states with turnover rates lower than 10%, states with turnover rates higher than 20%. We notice higher turnover rates in the South overall. There's also variation across districts. Based on our analysis, teachers in cities tend to have higher turnover rates and also in some rural areas as well. Math, science, special education, English language development all have especially high turnover rates. And these are subjects that have some of the most critical shortages. These teachers tend to enter the field with less preparation. And especially in the case of math and science teachers tend to have better opportunities for more lucrative work, especially high among teachers who entered teaching through an alternative certification pathway, teachers who are also more likely to teach in Title I schools. So because of their higher turnover rates, teachers in these schools end up having fewer years of experience, stay at their schools for fewer years on average. We see similar trends in schools that serve majority students of color. Turnover rates are higher overall and they're even higher in critical shorted subjects like math and science, special education. Alternative certification teachers are most likely to teach in these schools but are more than twice as likely to leave them than to leave schools with few students of color.