 Y cwylwyddiad ar gyfer hynny'n chymweud hynny, y cyfnod ar gyfer maen nhw ymrück mwyaf i'r cy punishing ychydigol. Mae'r defnyddio'r llun o'r mwyaf o'r cyfan. Yndod mewn syniad yw yn ei wneud amdano chi lle i gael hwylwyr cyffinodol ar gyfer maen nhw. Mae yna symud i munud i chi'r cyfnod o'r yrhetau ac ryanwerth o lefyd y companyf y balladau. Ond y gallwn y gallwn yma ymlaen o'r ffordd o'r gweithio'r gweithio. Felly, dyna'n gofyn i ddweud o'r ddweud o'r cyfnod o'r adegau ar y cyfnod o'r cyfnod. I gael o'r gweithio'r 2020, oherwydd mae'n oed yn y cyffredinol gweithio'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod, oherwydd mae'n gweithio'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod. Adon bwysigwch. Cysyllt i'n bwysigwch nid – Fysolabreaks-Hakimu-Iwa. Fysola broke up in an informal settlement in Lagos, Nigeria, Eitwaga. She is a member of the Nigerian branch of Slumdwele's international and a founding member of their youth media team. Mae'r gweithio gyda Iergymuno a Gwladau Fawr i Niiguriaid a Gwladau Fawr a'r hoffaursau a'r hoffaidd iawn. A gweithio yn dechrau i Siwla Patell, rwy'n amser yn ei gwybod i'r gweithio. Siwla yn ymddiad y dyfodol gyda'r gweithio ar y dyfodol o'r Fawr i Ysgrifennid gyda'r Hombaid, a'i gweithio ar y par 간 o'r Fathau Slamdwyllol i Niiguriaid a Miheel-a-Milan, ac yn ystod o'r unig o'r iawn ar y lleidio Rydym yn yng Nghymru. Yn ystod o'r cyfrifyddydd yn Llynyddoedd, a rydyn ni wedi'i'n ddwy'r cyfrifyddiadau ar gyfer yng nghymru, a hynny'n ddysgu'r lleidio'r gwybod gyda'r rhaid i'ch ddwynghau ymddangosol. I wnaeth wnaeth ymddangosol o'r cyfrifyddydd yn ymdangosol. Yn ychydig yn yma'r lefdo, Yn ymgyrch o'r ysgolwg, yn ymgyrchio'r ysgolwg ar y Cymru, ac yn ymgyrchio'r ysgolwg ar y Cymru, yn ymgyrchio'r ysgolwg ar y cyfnodol. Mae phaith yw Lluwys Cord, yr ysgolwg ymgyrchio ar y cwm ysgolwg ymgyrchio'r ysgolwg ymgyrchio'r ysgolwg ar y Cymru. Felly, rydyn ni'n argylchedd ar yr ysgolwg i'n cyfnodol. Felly, y deall y model o'r ysgolwg ar gyhoeddiad yn adabatio. Sandlew'r co a'r ysgolwg arweillol. Fe oeddwn i ddau am adabatio, rydyn ni'n gweithio nesaf ar y cyffredig a'n hynny'n byw'r adabatio wedi bod yn bos יש o'r thaw i'ch cyfarfod yr edrych yma ar y blynedd. Ond oherwydd, rydyn ni wedi bod dwi'n byw yn ymgyrchio'r ysgolwg ar y Cyfnodol, ac mae hyn yn ymgyrchio'r llun oes ymgyrchio'r ysgolwg ar y Cyfnodol. I just check back on some of the language before coming into this session, and the global adaptation goal includes strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change. And it also says that adaptation action should follow participatory approaches that take into consideration vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems. Now it's struck me that taking into consideration is passive language actually, but what we want to talk about today is at the end of the session. Action, basically, and ambition, and how does that look in the context of adaptation? So I'm going to start by asking Bysola, Bysola, how does your work help people in informal communities in Lagos adapt to climate change? And what would you like to see happening in order to protect people more effectively? Thank you. Maybe we should just ask that, what are we doing? What's how I work? Because it's just like a collective action of movement, what we are doing now is firstly try to make other slow-drealised communities in Lagos Nigeria to understand what's called climate change. You know, when we say climate change, it is a big grammar to be the slow-drealised. We don't really know what climate change is when you pronounce it, but what we try to do is make ourselves to understand this big grammar that we call climate change. When we understand it, we try to go for the local ways of doing this. We also know that when it comes to flooding or sea level rising, they have their local system of doing it. In terms of sea level rising, those houses that are on water, they know the season that is coming right, so they need to raise up the foundation of it before that time. And in terms of fishing aspirates, those fish are also in how the seasons work for them in terms of education. But what we try to do is we go beyond that, we create awareness, we educate ourselves on what climate change is all about, and things we need to do in order to save our environment. We try to educate them on what they call waste to waste, and we make them to understand the separation of waste and how to work on the reduction of emissions. For now we are hoping because some of the communities lack basic services like no drainage, no toilets, no electricity, so we also add that to our plan on how to make that to come to reality. Truth be said, because we do receive it as an inspiration for this country, so we try to do that, and we have our database to present as a part of negotiations to have all these basic services and also try to center our goals for next year, which is to raise more community and climate warriors. That is what we call them. You know it? Yes, warriors, right? Maybe we will have that as a local level, global level called the global community warriors. So, you know that for us to like prevent climate change once come to this is because they will be in charge of understanding this and the necessary to do, you know that to prevent this being happening. So that is the state that we are now. We are hoping to take it to the next stage. We also have this solar system that we put in place in terms of reduction of emissions. We call it COGRING because we want everything to go back to bring what have was to enjoy the sound health that our grandfathers, great-grandfathers enjoy there, so we want to enjoy that. We call it COGRING in terms of introducing solar back so that we are able to use solar in terms of light, also in terms of these fishing aspects that we are using, so like gas cooking to fix it in the solar wheel so that it will reduce the emissions of the carbon dioxide, so that is what we are trying to do now. As as now we are the solar that empowers us in terms of to see who is there in terms of darkness, but what we will find to light streets light and what we will be shown for, we hope to achieve that next year. And I'm just wondering what you think would be most useful in terms of helping you to take that work forward. What's missing? What do you find is needed most? You know what, we have this plan on grant and what will be helpful in terms of this is support, not just support from anywhere, but mostly from our government. We have this plan, but if our government can just understand that the people that are here, they have that plan, all we just have to do is for us to help together to emerge their plan, it's the one that they have on grant. It will help us, it will help our struggle, it will help our struggle. So if you can just get this support, it will be easier for us. And that's not just financial support that's needed. We also need financial support, but if you can just stick on out the support of our government and other private centres that can assist in terms of fund, it will help our struggle. But when we have this support, our government out there still come and try to frustrate us. When I'm in frustration in terms of their vision, I don't know if most of us know about their vision. When we have all this in place and our government out there came in and tried to, okay, so you have done this well done, good, but I need to admit to you guys to have this land or something like that. Well, there are efforts with just people to have got it. So what we need is, we need to fund, but we also need the support of our government, let it also be with us, it's what we are. We have our plan. Thanks very much. Sheila, obviously working with organisations like the Solars and also, you know, you're able to feed things up to the Global Commission on Adaptation. I'm just wondering how you feel communities like the Solars should be supported in order to better adapt to climate change. So first of all, I think the issue is not that everybody's supported communities, they are supported all of you. None of us, at least all of us who live in the Global South, we are so interdependent on each other. We never recognise the contributions that people living informally do to our lives. So for us, the most important and powerful contribution is that when poor people get organised over long periods of time, as we have demonstrated ourselves and the other social units, you have serious constituencies that can participate in transformation. They are a gift to development. Yet they are not being recognised, they are treated badly, our governments don't recognise us, NGOs don't, in many cases, respect what they do, and the development business treats poor people like beneficiaries and consumers. Now this is also going to come into the climate space. And it's very important for all of us as grassroots activists to make sure that we don't allow this to repeat itself. That's for me the first thing that we hope as social movements we bring to the climate space. The second thing is that everything that we do, starting from fighting evictions to seeking basic services to seeking visibility in the city, is so integral to the SDGs and to the social justice element of an adaptation of climate change. And yet it's so neglected. There's always an assumption that some bilateral and some multilateral organisation is going to throw money in, it's going to change or whatever. It's not. I think for me the most powerful understanding of adaptation is when we disrupt this situation where people don't take charge of what they can do and collectively force their governance institutions to play their role. Because neither the government by itself or the international groups here can do it by themselves. We all have to picture it. And I think poor people, if they understand the logic of the choices, they are there before any of us. And so I think that our real contribution as social movements, urban, rural, many of whom I hear, and most are not here. I hope that the next time you have this, that every social movement which has global representation is here and you treat them as partners. I think, you know, when you see that, the people who care most about it are communities. We all hear so many people dismiss this kind of activism of our children. But movements don't. And for me, I'm Bisola's grandmother. So you guys better support it. Salim, inside the UN climate process and what's going on under the Paris Agreement, is there room for social movements? And if not, how should that room be made in your view? Because we experience this process as essentially a top-down process with very little bottom-up input. Thank you, Megan, and good evening to everybody. So, as I mentioned in the opening session as well, this is my 25th cock. I've been to all of, and exactly. So I'm a grandfather as well. But I'm not a negotiator. I never come here as a negotiator. I come as an observer. And my role is to link the bottom with the top. And this creation of this space is one of those formats in which we've done it. So let me pick up on the issue that you mentioned on actually in the Paris Agreement, we have an article 7 where we have agreed a global goal on adaptation. Now, that's a tricky question because unlike mitigation where we have a long-term temperature goal, we cannot assign a single adaptation because it's so location-specific. So the scientific community working on adaptation in which I am one of my centres, one of the players, are all grappling with how do we come up with a global goal and then how do we measure progress towards that goal. And there are several schools of thought in this. Some are looking at a macro top-down global goal and then measuring which countries are progressing towards that. Some people have more technical aspects. We belong to one school of thought, which is a bottom-up school of thought, which is the global goal is to make every citizen of planet Earth understand the problem, wish to do something about it, start doing something about it and succeed in doing something about it. But those are the four steps in building resilience to climate change and starting with the most vulnerable communities themselves, not with the people at the top. And that's what I do. That's my day job. I spend three weeks at the top every year, but at the rest of the year I spend on the ground in Bangladesh working in my university, I'm a teacher. I teach my students. The students teach the people in there. I work with local communities. That's what I specialise in, capacity building of the most vulnerable to be able to be the champions and the leaders on technical climate change. And when it comes to measuring progress, they are the ones who measure progress, not us measuring their progress, them measuring our progress. And what are some of the lessons you think that the rest of the world could learn from the work that's been done in Bangladesh? Because I know that you've been saying for a long time that there's a lot that the North could learn from the South. What are some of the key lessons on adaptation coming out of the work in Bangladesh? You just opened a generous box there. I can go for hours. So I'll give you two messages. The first one, and I'm going to make an assertion, which I'm very happy to defend and argue with people. My country, Bangladesh, and 260 million people is the most climate aware country in the entire world. We had our Prime Minister here the other day on Monday. She's going to be taking over the Climate Vulnerable Forum from the president of Marshall Islands in the High. My Prime Minister can give you one-hour speech on climate change. She's extremely knowledgeable. My Finance Minister can give you a speech on climate change. We're not just talking environmental people. At the same time, people on the streets can tell you all about climate change. And I'll give you one indicator. In Madrid right now, we have four private television channels of Bangladesh who've sent with their own money TV crews here and they're reporting back to their audience in Bangladesh. Every day, what is a pop? What's happening at the pop? What's happening every day at the pop on Article 6 on loss and damage? People in Bangladesh know more about what's happening here than people in Madrid. And so, that is a level of awareness and we are moving from awareness to solutions. And we've gone a long way in the solution space on adaptation from community-based adaptation to national planning. And again, I won't give you the long speech, but the short answer is you have to come to Bangladesh and see where you are. Thank you. We could refuse that invitation. Louise, so obviously the World Bank is ambitious on adaptation. We heard that from your head last year and is going to put more money into adaptation. So, I'm just wondering what that might look like in terms of Bangladesh, in terms of Nigeria, India. What kind of practical effects is that going to translate into on the ground? Well, thank you. First of all, I may be a grandma, but it's my first pop and my first development in climate days. And this has been a really great event with lots of fantastic ideas. So thank you. And yes, the World Bank takes climate change incredibly seriously. It's central to our agenda. We consider it to be one of the defining challenges of the 21st century. And we're increasing our financing for adaptation. We're doubling it over the next five years, going from $10 billion a year to $5 billion a year to $10 billion a year for a total of $50 billion, obviously, of 2021 and 2025. So, where is this money going to go? What's it going to find? Well, first, social protection, what we call adaptive social protection, giving cash transfers and supporting communities when there is a drought, when the climate conditions become adverse, there's a flood. We're able to increase our safety nets that are already in place. Secondly, improving investments across the board. So, when marine plastics on environment, on the green agenda, the brown agenda and the blue agenda, as well as on smart agriculture and coastal zone protection, forestry protection. So, getting the money out to the communities. Third, on improving how we, the data that we're collecting in supporting countries and improving the data collection through better hydromet systems, through better early boarding systems that can collect and analyze that data. We're also looking at climate finance in a different way, working much more with the Ministry of Finance to ensure that this money is mainstream throughout all programs, that is, climate issues are part of the national development plan and part of our own diagnostics. And third, to look at some of these metrics for resilience, because as you were saying, you were just saying it's easy to understand, not easy, but we can have a clear goal on the mitigation side, but we also need to have goals on the resilience side, so what are some new metrics that we can look at on resilience as well. And I'm just wondering what kind of processes does the World Bank use in order to bring in the voices of the communities that your work is intended to benefit. So, one of the things I wanted to say is that I can make a commitment to have this money need go more to the local level than ever before. We in the group that I manage social development, we bring money to the community-driven development, for example, which the community gets together, decides on its vision, its values, how they want to see their development over the next couple of years. And then as part of that process, we're supporting it to include activities on mitigation at the local level. In addition, and I'll talk a little bit about this maybe on the way down the road, we're also supporting county governments and local governments to mainstream climate actions throughout their national development plans. So that's one very concrete way we're working to get adaptation finance down to the local level. As we're hearing at the COP and also here, Andy Norton spoke about it earlier saying, you know, we are all now working in the context of a climate emergency. You know, there is no time to lose urgent action is required. So we wanted to talk here today a little bit about what are the plans for the next year in the run up to the Glasgow COP, which, as we know, is the time by which countries are supposed to have submitted their enhanced national needs term and contributions or their national climate action plans. They're supposed to have stepped them up by the end of next year. And, you know, that needs to be on adaptation as well as on emissions because as we're constantly hearing there's more extreme weather, seas are over rising, and, you know, we're not winning in terms of keeping temperature rise down. So I just wanted to ask our panellists basically what are your priorities for the next year and what are you hoping to achieve in terms of your work, you know, in order to be able to speed up and deliver with communities the extra kind of protection that they need. So, start with Beceler and Beceler, what are you hoping to do in terms of working with your climate warriors and other things that you're doing over the next year or so? And what would you like to see governments doing at next year's COP, the big one? Thank you. So, let me be a bit flexible here in terms of, I don't really want to say this attitude of, whenever they affect themselves with local, I don't want to say this attitude of individual mechanisms in constitutional layer. It's nepotism. I don't want to say that from there. Did you know what I mean? Whenever they are coming for us, they come with all these different sorts of grammar. And when we talk about that, they use that to deceive our people because when they get tired of their grammar, they're like, who are these people? Just let them come. So, what we are, at times, is we have a discussion with nothing about us, without us. Despite that, we still have our own race, sit in a media discussion, cracking their brains on what the urban poverty situation look like. Without taking us along, we don't give one that. What is the outcome of the conversation? Nothing. The outcome is to even add to the poverty that we're talking about. The outcome is to even cause us more pain. When we talk about natural disaster, we also have what you call a mid-disaster, that is the vision. So, what are they thinking? What is that discussion? What party they are for us? Absolutely is you. So, what our plan looks like, we have our community data for enumerations profiting with the help of a group of heads that are called New York City TV, Woodlock International. We have our data, our accurate data. We trust our data. So, the council trusts us with that. They should use our data to plan with us, not for us. And also, we also have our plan on institutional upgrading. They should support our efforts in that. When we talk about institutional upgrading, also we have our community to provide basic services, just like ambition, toilet and so on. We have all this plan, which is we are hoping to achieve. Let them support us for that. That is what we are hoping for. And it would be good to see some of that incorporated into Nigeria's international climate action plan, right? And whenever we have our chance to speak with them, they normally complain about, we do this because we need our phone. We do this because we have options. There was a day I had my chance to discuss with one of them. Why are you guys using first traditional house? So, that place is chanting. That place is not heldable. That place is this, is that. And we didn't have options to just put those everywhere too. To shifter you guys everywhere. How are you going to use it? And I will be like, oh my God, you will be able to see all that. Did you know that you have a plan? Did you know what he said? He said, if you have a plan, it's long to realize. If you have a plan. I said yes, we have a plan. Did you ever consider to even discuss with yourselves what do they have in place? We have a plan. If one is your problem, we can also try to solve for it. Come, let's plan. Let's know what you have in place. Let's also bring our home to the table. They are also doing this for our cultural resolution. But sorry, so shocking. Early this year, I mean last year, we still have an ambition in one of our communities. They render those people homeless. What is our fate on that? We talked about we want that in 2017. But here we go. Stay out on that. We shut up with it. I wonder what we have to do. We just need it. No, absolutely. It seems to me that there's a real need for the government to listen a lot more and actually understand the solutions are there in many cases, but they need to go and look for them right and understand what they are and listen to people. Sheena, the work of the Global Commission on Adaptation. To what extent is the Global Commission planning to raise the game on adaptation in the coming year? I hear it has quite an ambitious agenda. How is it going to work with governments, whether Nigeria, Bangladesh, on raising the profile of adaptation on the international stage? First of all, I want to say that everything is still cooking, which is really sad. We keep saying we don't have time, but we have no action ready. And that's a tragedy. So I want to go back to your earlier question because I don't think that we have anything serious to say about. At least I don't have anything to take back on behalf of my constituents. We have so many networks involved in this process. There are many who are watching because they are very skeptical about global promises. Everybody that I know, including myself, think all these commissions produce papers that go into library and produce PhDs for somebody. But I think my organization supported me to be in this so that we learn the politics of this process. And what we want to do is give an opportunity to disrupt this present architecture in which somebody else decides something and our governments have 150 excuses why they don't have an excuse. So we want to bring in a paradigm where we say many locals make the new global. And in adaptation I think that's what we have to do. We don't need a cookie cutter approach. We need every locality to be able to identify its immediate and long-term imagination. We need scientists and people with technology to come and work with us, not throw things at us, not throw solar things at us, wind things at us and agriculture with us. And we also want to demonstrate. You have all these different sections, just like the bodies you have hand your way. But it's one organism. So today we're going to talk about today all your themes. As people who live in the city we are equally committed to every one of those things. Every slum dweller has images of hunger, of dealing with their rural counterparts. They are concerned about all the issues that we talk about. They need a chance to participate in the house. So I think that's one. The other thing is every time after we come here we decide what to do with it. Can we flip it and say let's use this year to come and celebrate what we have done? We have a year. So let's do it and let's put a mirror into the face of people who haven't done this. Because you don't have time. We keep saying we don't have time, but we keep procrastinating and saying somebody else has to do this and I will do this. So we as grassroots networks are saying we're already doing everything we can. And let's look at who's coming to pardon us. If you have the guts, come. Well Matt, do you have the guts to come? So Louise, I mean in that respect, what are your plans for the coming year? And how do you expect to raise the ball? And what are the key masters in the run-up to the... So I already talked about the money that we are going to put on, the resources we're going to put on the table, but I also want to share a bit about the how. And I also as a newcomer to this process and to this agenda, I also want to share just two points that have struck me in the last couple of days and as I've been preparing and coming up to this event. And the first, and I think it says it very well, they're on the wall. We're not only in a climate crisis, we're in a social crisis. There are people feeling left out, there are people excluded, there are people, as we know, as we've been hearing on this panel, as you know all too well in this room. We don't have nothing to eat, we don't have enough water, we don't have basic services and access to education and a voice at the table. But we're also hearing from the streets from the middle class who feel disenfranchised, who feel that their aspirations haven't been met, and we've seen them on the streets in France and we've seen them on the streets in Iran, in Ecuador and Chile, complaining about rising carbon taxes, about rising energy and transport prices. So we also have a whole population that, in a sense, is feeling disenfranchised. And I don't think that we can do climate policy independent of social policy. So we need to get both of those issues together. We need to take countries where they are, we need to take communities where they are in this process and as you mentioned, do not have a cookie car solution. So that's just the first thing that has struck me. And the second one is, wow, there's so much going on, but it feels somewhat at times disjointed. The people arguing on-room are in negotiating motions. They arguing on Article 6 are in their world and the rest of them are in grassroots NGOs that have met or doing fantastic things. But they're in at the other end and all the researchers are not sure if they're speaking to the communities. And so everybody's running around asking for quick action but I would like to see more unity of the different voices coming together around this agenda. So what I'd like to see in the World Bank and what I'd like to see us support are national climate dialogues and four where these different groups can come together in a somewhat quasi-formal structure and engage with the government where your slum dwellers can come and sit beside the academics who can sit beside some of the donors and some of the local actors to say, okay, these are the issues. This is to talk about the social side and to talk about the climate side. I'd odd mentioned earlier we're doing community-driven development. We're also supporting decentralisation efforts that bring climate finance down to the local level. That's really good, but that's not enough. As you've also been saying, it's not just giving the money, it's empowering those communities to be in the driver's seats. Yes, we work with them to say what are your values, what are your plans, where do you want to go, are your practices consistent with your values. But still, I think we need to even give them more power to be driving this agenda. And as geeky as it may sound, I think we need to give them data and information. Yes, communities know better than we do about the impacts of climate change, but they can't always articulate them. So I'd also like to see the bank and others supporting and giving the communities the ability to monitor. We now have a whole new world and we need to take advantage of this fight on the climate change, which is the digital world. Giving the communities the access that they have on smartphones already, but helping them monitor what is critical variables and using that to advocate for themselves and using that to think what are their long-term implications and they may have to address because of climate change. And so I think what is missing is not only the finance, but coming together to have a dialogue, working together also with the private sector, bringing private sector finance to this, I should say the IFC part of the World Bank is putting also $100 billion on the table in the next five years, which is huge opportunities also on the urban agenda we were talking earlier about public-private partnerships, bringing together local communities, governments and the private sector to deal with some of the very expensive challenges climate change is posing in urban areas. So I think the thing we need to do is get the different groups together at a national level, at the community level, empower the communities to meet the drivers. Data is one way. I'm just asking them what they want as another, but I think we need multiple ways to do it. And so that's what I'd like to see. It's very interesting that you talked and brought up this aspect of social justice and all the unrest that we're seeing in various countries around the world. People have been raising this at the COP, including ministers such as the Chilean Environment Minister. Others, I mean it is now glaringly obvious that perhaps one of the reasons for this is the failure to act on climate change globally, nationally and at the local level. And I'm just wondering, Salim, how do you think these aspects of social justice can be incorporated into the national climate action plans, the new ones that are supposed to be submitted by the end of next year? Is there time for these kind of dialogues? Is there space for this kind of thing to be incorporated into the NDCs at this point? Or is it too late for this round of NDCs? So let me answer your question with two halves. The first half is that the actual climate has gone ahead of talking about all that. So the talks are now redundant. The climate has changed, people are being affected and in the countries that we come from and I come from, we are tackling the climate. We don't know what NDC means or what that means. These things are irrelevant. This is a completely different artificial language created here to talk about something that was supposed to happen in the future and we didn't do anything about it. So it's too late. This process has completely been left out which is why we haven't been telling us exactly that we just failed. And so the reality on the ground is way ahead of the top day in place here. But nevertheless, we don't want to give up. So I've been here for 25 years. I'm not going to give up. I'll come to the 26th if I'm still alive. And I have a very strong proposition for anybody from the UK government who's here of a Scottish government because to me it's a British government. It's a notion that I put forward after the Paris Agreement which is to make future cops inside out cops. By that what I mean is that the negotiators negotiate decisions, but they don't actually deliver on them. And the Paris Agreement gave us a decision that we can all take and deliver on. It gave us the freedom to deliver on, to implement. We just can all now become part of the implementation strategy. And so we should be the ones given centre stage at the cop. And I've told this in the British government. In Glasgow, they give us development and climate days. The main platform every single day for 14 days. And we will fill it with people who are actually doing things, implementing things. And we give the negotiators a back room where they can sit and argue as long as they want and they will argue till the last minute of the last day because that's the way they work. We're halfway through and they've done nothing. Nothing has been agreed. I'll give you just one very small example to illustrate this. So one of the articles we have read in Paris and we were partially... Part of that decision was Article 11. I'm sure nobody in this room knows what Article 11 is. Hands up, anybody in Article 11? Nobody in Article 11. Article 11 of the Paris Agreement was on capacity level. And we, the developing countries, particularly in the least developed countries, argued going into Paris that a lot of money was being spent on so-called capacity building to fly in experts to a workshop and fly them out. We called them fly in, fly out capacity building, ticking a box, leaving very little behind. And what we needed to deal with the climate change problem was building capacity building institutions at the national level for long-term capacity building to tackle climate change. And therefore we asked for a separate article. We fought for it. We had some resistance. In the end, we won it. And Article 11 now calls for this long-term shift into national capacity building. We set up, as the UNFCC always does, a committee to do it. It's called the Paris Committee on capacity building. It's a very good committee, actually, and they have been doing some very good stuff on this. One of the things that they did, which we have helped them to do, is something called the capacity building hub. So for those of you who walk in every day when you enter from hall 2 to hall 4 and ask you to look to your right, a room that's labelled the capacity building hub. From the 4th of this month till the 11th, seven days, we are running, the Paris Committee is running, a daily session from early morning to late evening on capacity building each day has a different theme. Transfer all the different themes of the UNFCC. But capacity building on those themes. And these institutions are coming and sharing what they're doing. And it's about practice. It's about doing things. And I know many of the people in this room have been to one of these sessions or run one of these sessions. In contrast to that, there is an agenda item on article 11, which is to give the mandate, a further mandate to the Paris Committee on capacity building. The difference of opinion is should it get four more years or should it get five more years? They've been talking since Monday. As of today, there is no agreed text. They haven't been agreed. Four of five. Does that make any sense at all? How more absurd can you get? So do things stop talking about. Excellent. Talking sense as usual. Okay. So we're going to open up now for some comments or questions from the room. Can you wave your hand if you have a comment or question and just keep it nice and briefly? So we'll take about three and then come back to the panel for whoever would like to answer that. There's half a vote coming towards you now. So, yeah. Thank you. Very, very enlightening conversation. Thank you for what you're giving us. I would just like to add another dimension to the social and climate crisis is the environment of crisis. Let's not just think social and climate, the environment that supports our life is, so we need to add that to the complexity. Thank you. Do we have any other comments, questions, suggestions? Over there, fantastic. So, Alice, please consider the environmental crisis and what you'd like to say on that. Yeah, I just had a question touching upon what's being said at the end of this panel, just now on capacity of building being more than flying experts in the know. So I was wondering specifically what are the ways you think about building institutional capacity or establishing a capacity that can be developed upon. Is it partnering with the creation of businesses locally that can involve others? I'd just like to hear a little more on that if possible. Maybe other panelists also. Do we have one more question? And then we'll come back to the pause. Okay. Back. On the back, thank you. I'm Wood Spencer from the Caribbean Island of Antigua, but people have been following DNC for the last maybe four or five years. And I'd like to recommend going forward that the Caribbean region be given a voice in DNC because we are the ones with really urgent crisis. Hurricanes, we live six months out of the year in hurricane mode, not knowing what's going to happen. It's our local community groups that are pro-active on island. We are doing the work and we are pushing the processes and I'd also like to appeal to the donor agents to put your resources in because when you channel them to the regional they never project cycle five to eight years. 36% implementation. So what does that mean for the local groups? We are pushing, but our hands are tied. Thank you. Thanks very much. Okay, so who would like to tackle the environmental crisis? You work quite a lot in terms of broad remits and how does your work take into account the environmental crisis as a colleague was saying over here? It raises questions to remind you of what is happening. That we need to take into account the environmental crisis as well as social and climate. Is that something you feel is happening anyway in the communities that you work in? Let me just refer to what we are doing in terms of my quality of work in terms of the environment. When I say the environment is just like we do like go out with the team of the university team to make sure that we put in place those trash and to cause we realise that the trash also like embark in terms of loading when it's raining it's right within blocks of the asphalt as well. We feel like the water should go out of the communities. So what we do is we go out into the canal and we also look for a way of trying to matter about revenge on the environment against such change. So I don't know if. So maybe there's not so much of a division actually in practice. It's kind of all part of the same thing. Salim, how about capacity building? Can you add a bit on that? Sure. I mentioned earlier that the paradigm that we have spent actually quite a lot of money on the order of a billion dollars over the years on so-called capacity building as airports where a fly and fly out from all the countries in the developing world help us write a map or help us write an NDC these are trivial exercises that build no capacity at the national level. On the other hand, the international consultants are flying in and doing this. So the money is going to international consultants from the developed countries not to the people on the ground. And yet every single country I work with the least developed countries is 47 of us. More than one university, my country Bangladesh has a hundred universities. And if you look at how much of that billion dollars went to universities in our countries, zero. Went to consultants in the developed world but it didn't come to us. So what we are now doing is we are building our own capacity. We have a least developed countries universities in Saudi Arabia of universities where we do have some capacity. Not a lot, but some capacity and we are working to build that for long term. As we are going to be teaching building the capacity of the leaders of our countries in the future. And we want those leaders of the future to be resilient leaders to understand the concept of resilience. We are building long term capacity not short term capacity to write a little report which is what most of the so called capacity building gets given to you. If I might also take the planet, the Marjasi question. Just another indicator showing the level of understanding in my country Bangladesh. A lot of parliaments around the world including the European Parliament most recently have adopted the climate emergency language that Greta has been promoting and declared climate emergencies. UK parliaments done it, the European parliaments done it. The Bangladesh Parliament, the chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Environment asked us to help them to write one. But they have declared not only a climate emergency. It's both an environmental biodiversity emergency as well as a climate emergency. The level of understanding is that they understand the connection between the two. Not just a bandwagon jumping on the planet. The chairman of the standing committee is coming to Madrid tomorrow and he's giving a talk on this day after tomorrow if anybody is interested in the Bangladesh pavilion. And he's a very very early person and I would recommend this. So one of the gifts of coming into this space is for us to go on capacity building concept that Salim talked about to say how do we create carters of community leaders who have both the confidence and an understanding of their vocational work to challenge and participate as partners with the people that you produce and our capacity building is going to be very different from yours but the content will be the same. So how do we do that? Now that for me is a gift of this association. But the other thing which is to do with the environment which Prisola says is that all all vulnerable groups end up living in the most difficult situations and are accused of degrading the environment whether you're a fisher or you're a native tribal people or you live in the forests or you live in slums you get the worst land to live in you get no amenities and everything you do is an accusation of you destroying the environment. So it's like a double it's like a double deficit and I think that a very important part of our work is to trip that around and to change that and to look at ways by which we also produce a new norm because the other thing is whether you were talking about middle class people who are getting their lives, even slum developers getting their lives destroyed by these present crisis in economies you have to also give them an opportunity to leap forward I think everybody is looking at this with all tomb and gloom that if we are smart we can leap from why do we need to go through 15 steps why do all of us have to have small cars, big cars, middle cars and then say no we go back to cycles I think same with with energy with transport and everything and I think that and food and the deep connection between food production so I think that and that's the thing which is a gift of poor people they live in such difficult situation I get depressed I go and sit there your spirits come up because that's their resilience and we have to celebrate that in a positive way instead of just saying oh no they get flooded but they survive and they still smile this point about being a lot to learn basically those communities Louise perhaps you can address the question about being Caribbean and being money down to the local level I know where it is the Caribbean I couldn't agree more it's a region that faces tremendous vulnerability and it's a region where I can just say the bank is engaging more on the disaster risk mitigation side also there's vulnerability on the macro side as you know as well on service delivery so I would agree more that this is a country that faces multiple dimensions of vulnerability, economic multiple social dimensions and clearly climate dimensions and it is indeed an interesting priority I was going to say a case study of what can be done because the countries are small but much can be done I just didn't want to just compliment very briefly what was said on capacity because I just want to say first of all I think a lot of the communities do have capacity and it's about empowering them to use and show that capacity earlier on data I also heard some really fascinating examples here at the Culp about training and schools that built on training locals in dimensions and jobs that are important for climate fight activities so it could be measured being land surveyors it's working on irrigation it's working on water and sanitation on food security issues so we can build capacity not only at the university level but at the high school level and then also the importance of building capacity through training the public I think there's a lot that can be done by media maybe through these national climate change dialogues to build the capacity of the public to understand both the environmental crisis the climate crisis and the link to social It's interesting you said that because I mean we cover climate change in all its dimensions solutions as well as you know the views about the fact that we're not doing enough and we find that you know some of the most popular stories on our website the ones that actually talk about resilience and solutions and what people are actually doing on the ground rather than the apocalyptic stuff that comes out of reports scientific reports etc so I definitely think there's more room for the media to also improve understanding around the solutions as well Are there any more comments or questions I could take maybe a couple more and then we'll wrap up this gentleman here down in the front if we have any more. My name is Aston I was just interested to maybe I can read more on the new paradigm shift which you mentioned at the time for most of course in terms of I'm not saying smaller farmers are not to be targeted no let's go to be targeted then but now if you see in terms of productivity they're still so fragmented fragmented to able to meet the productivity which we design why don't we also move away from them a little bit to target the medium scale farmers with adequate financing so that we boost world productivity at that level because smaller farmers laugh and from a level they have not yielded the way we are expected What are we saying about that I mean Can't we talk in the second tier of group not straight scale farmers they're already doing something about it but they can't still cover the gap in terms of distribution of food between low producing areas and high producing areas now we distribute across to target the medium scale farmers who are equally educated they have the capacity but they have limited financing capacity any other questions comments comments from the animal University in the US I'm very impressed with the least developed countries capacity building and the other comments that have been made and one of my curiosities is whether or not that could be extended in a leadership way to the developed countries because the least developed countries are experiencing a lot of the things that we're just starting to see the early stages of them in places like the US we're now talking about strategic retreat and there's been 300 100 year events in the last 10 years so in many respects what I'm going to hate to learn from everyone else if anyone wants to reflect on whether that makes sense or even how we'll go about doing it okay was there one more hand over there last one I think we won't have time to watch I'm not sure technical comment my name is Aisha Constable I turn from the Caribbean from Jamaica one of the things that we have discussed over the past few days and I know in particular today there was a conversation around grief and climate and we've talked about anxiety, fears and I speak more so on behalf of Caribbean youth who are themselves you know confunded by the realities very anxious we talk about dreams and young people just feeling a sense of despair we talk about young women who are choosing not to have children because of the concerns that they'll bring into a world that's doomed so they doom and gloom of it so my question then and I don't know if you can answer but I want to put it out there for us to find out what do we say to young people who in the midst of all that's going on the conversations we're having are very despondent and fearful and do not know exactly how to process what's going to happen in the next few decades because we're all the talk we do and all the research that we do and the other side of it there are people whose lives we are trying to touch and people who have to grab one of these concerns and how do we make sense of it in our later realities that we make hopeful OK thank you so much for that I think that can actually be our last theme so if you would like to answer any of the other two questions that were relevant but also just in terms of racking up what would you say to young people who are really worried about what's happening in the world and the fact that not enough is being done how would you aim to give them hope who would like to go first thank you very much so let me frame a little bit the issue of learning about adaptation and sharing that knowledge at the global as well as at the national level one of the interesting features of adaptation as a learning process is that it is a learning from practice it's learning by doing process if you're not doing anything you're not learning from models and computers and then learning by doing what to do what not to do what doesn't work and if you want to learn about a problem the best way to learn about it is find somebody who actually has the same problem and did something about it and if they found a way to deal with it then go and find out from them which is the antithesis of the way we normally share knowledge which is we send an expert to go and tell people what to do and adaptation is no point in me going tell you in Malawi or in Jamaica what to do but what I will do is invite you to come to Bangladesh come and see what we are doing because we are going up a learning curve faster than any other country in the world and that includes you Mark in the United States you want to learn how to deal with floods you have to come to Bangladesh and see what we are doing and this also applies to the question about depression I've been thinking about this over the last couple of days and I agree with Sheila's point I invite particularly my friends in the developed world who are suffering from anxiety and depression to come to Bangladesh spend some time with the communities there who are at the front lines they are doing stuff come and spend time with them and then you'll go back refreshed and you will be energised and I make you a serious offer if you pay for yourself to come to Bangladesh the communities will look after you you don't have to pay for that thank you we have hospitality we're not money that's what we're offering human hospitality you stay with us, you meet with us you spend time with the community excellent I'll pass it over to you for final comments I think the most critical and important thing to remember is there is power in collectivity and there is power in aggregate those of us if we as a community decide we want to do something it's more than the sum of the number of people we've moved into this space of too much individuality and transformative behaviour all these things I think that is a reductionist kind of way of living things so I think we have to go back to the power of the collective we have to go back to the power of the collective endorsement that is needed for transformation because change can only happen we've seen in history that's how change happens it doesn't happen out of one person's genius that's the mythology that we produce in history a lot so I think that I think that's what we in development have learned we learn this way everybody has the opportunity to experiment and to fail to stand up again and learn and when you learn and you do something it's your obligation to teach 10 other people to do that's how transformation occurs that's how the politics of the new overcomes the kind of stress that poor community space through evictions through the destruction of their lives through the leaky buckets in Rome in which they live and also the young people feel that there are others taking them along and I think everybody here has to understand that in most of our countries they represent the majority of the population and they do not have any patience there is no challenge that we all have to face you know you talked about riots you haven't seen anything you really haven't seen anything we talk about we talk about this parents people of our generation when they came as poor migrants they had a lot of patience with all the crap that governments and municipalities and elite people shut down them the kids are not like that they are citizens they are noisy and you don't give them what they want they will destroy whatever is left so you don't have to wait for climate they will destroy it so we are in that very difficult zone reality of today's world is that we are only listening to violence somebody burns, passes somebody comes on the street and when there is a peaceful procession you just get ignored and so that's the message that we have to share that young people do not have the patience and they have no respect for us they, you know, this is this is very gently compared to what some others think thank you Sheeng I was going to say there's a consensus and I still think there is a consensus definitely amongst the panel because coming from the World Bank people often look at me and think finance yes, finance is important is the first point that I made but it's really about people first striving being included and bleeding and there I really very much agreeing with what Tashira has said my fellow panelist Salim it's really about taking ownership yes the bank and other donors can do so much but coming together as youth coming together as a community asking for what you want deciding taking action is the best and owning your future I think it's so much the best way forward because we've seen aid is very important finance is absolutely necessary but we also know it's not enough and I think that's the change where we're all headed is in empowering communities and empowering individuals to take action so finance is essential but it's not sufficient okay, thanks Suiz Bessola as the young person on the panel do you feel encouraged by what you've heard today? what would you like to hear in order to make sure that you and others in your community do not feel overwhelmed and overpowered by the prospect of climate change yeah on what I've heard so far I feel it's just because I feel there's a point of hope here let me say that and we stand on the word of hope and hope for transformation and in terms of what Manachela said like young people are not, they are impatient I need to address that because I can't just be on the floor and you try to point it actually not it's like you're coming into sport of fighting and I'm ready to define the young people yes of course we are impatient as far as we don't really understand the reason for why I say it's true we are impatient but we are patient and we are so sweet to deal with when we understand the part yes we are that's even reminds me both people that we are like talking about the economy and I have to turn them into a rand with a serious argument and the old man has to say young girl calm down and I will like it no don't tell me that and the old man has to boil the string string when he explains the reason why I think happened I calm down and I try to reason with it what am I trying to say let your reasons let us be well known we are sweet to deal with our injustice we're going to wrap up the session I think we'll leave the last word with Bessola young people are sweet to deal with and if you engage with them we can go a long way together old, young world-bang communities so no excuse we're not doing that really I think we're going to get to the really fun part now so I'm going to hand over to Pablo Suarez of the Red Cross and we shall exit the stage at this point