 Hello, Aspirants. Welcome to Daily News Analysis by Shankar IS Academy. Today's date is 8 September 2021. The list of topics chosen for today is displayed on the screen. We have also provided page number of these topics in various editions. Interested aspirants can go through them. Now, let us begin our discussion. First, let us solve this past problem's question. This question was asked in problems 2020. See, there is a reason why I have chosen this question. Today, we will be discussing a map-related article. So, in order to have an idea of what kind of questions are asked in problems regarding maps, I have chosen this question. It will give you a perspective. Now, look at this question. Consider the following pairs. The left side has rivers. The right side has the seas. One, Mekong, Andaman Sea. Two, Thames, Irish Sea. Three, Olga, Caspian Sea. Four, Zambia Sea, Indian Ocean. Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? A, 1 and 2 only. B, 3 only. C, 3 and 4 only. D, 1, 2 and 4 only. See, the correct answer is option C, 3 and 4 only. Only Olga and Zambia Sea are correctly matched. Pair 1 and 2 are not correctly matched. Mekong River drains into South China Sea, not Andaman Sea. And when we take Thames, it drains into North Sea, not Irish Sea. So, both 1 and 2 are incorrect. Only 3 and 4 are correctly matched. Olga drains into Caspian Sea, Zambia Sea drains into Indian Ocean. See, when we are talking about Olga River, it is the longest river in Europe. It is almost entirely inside Russia. And when we take Zambia Sea, Zambia Sea is the fourth longest river in Africa. It is the east flowing river in Africa. And it drains into Indian Ocean. And when we are talking about Thames, we know that it is located in England. We have seen in the movies, right? The Thames River near the Big Ben Clock. That is the Thames River. It drains into North Sea. And when we take Mekong River, it flows into China. And it also flows into Myanmar, Lahore, Thailand, Cambodia. And then it flows into Vietnam and finally empties into South China Sea. So, these are the basic information regarding these rivers. The correct answer is option C, 3 and 4. Now, moving on to article discussion. Now, take a look at this article. This article is regarding Venezuela. See, in last year's preliminary examination, we had a question regarding world geography. Have a look at this question. You can see the rivers in the left side of the question. And you can see the sea in the right side of the question. And they are asking it to match it. They are asking you to find the correctly matched paths. So, we can expect these kind of map-based questions and problems. With this knowledge in mind, let us learn about Venezuela from map perspective. See, Venezuela is a country located at the northern end of South America. It is bounded by Caspian Sea and Atlantic Ocean in the north, Guernah to the east, Bracel to the south, Colombia to the southwest and west. The capital of Venezuela is Caracas. See, as you can see in the image, Venezuela is entirely located in the tropics over the equator. So, it experiences a transitional type of climate. It is well-known for its grasslands. See, because of the transitional type of climate, Venezuela supports a wide variety of plants and animals. It has almost 4,000 species of animals and 1,400 species of birds or avian species. Another important point is Venezuela has Amazon forest. See, we all know that Amazon forest is located in the South America. It is located in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Guernah, French Guernah and Venezuela. So, remember Venezuela has Amazon forest. Now, coming to the water bodies present in Venezuela. See, Venezuela is a physiographically diverse country. It has the largest lake in South America. The name of the lake is Lake Maracaibo. Remember, this is the largest lake in South America and it is located in Venezuela. Another important point. Venezuela has the world's highest waterfall. The name of the falls is Angel Falls. I know many aspirants would have heard about this falls. It is called Angel Falls. It is the world's highest waterfall and it is located in Venezuela. Another very important point. Now, coming to the rivers of Venezuela. See, most of Venezuela rivers drain into Atlantic Ocean. The most important river in Venezuela is River Orinoco. This river drains into Atlantic Ocean. This river covers almost 76% of Venezuela. So, it is the most prominent river in Venezuela. It is also important to note that the Orinoco river and its tributaries are the major transportation system of Venezuela. Now, moving on to the next important topic, the peak in Venezuela. What is the highest peak in Venezuela? Pico Boliva. This is the highest peak in Venezuela. See, when it comes to map-based question, approach it like Trivian facts. Just remember the ISP, the rivers, where it drains. Those kind of basic facts will help you in elimination and problems. Now, coming to the natural resources in Venezuela. Venezuela is known for its oil reserves. See, Venezuela's oil revenue accounts for about 99% of export earnings. So, this country is heavily dependent on its oil reserves. Apart from the oil reserves, it has natural gas, iron ore, bauxite, diamonds and other minerals. But, it is heavily dependent on oil reserves for its income. So, these are the important points regarding Venezuela. See, in this discussion, we saw about the neighboring countries of Venezuela. We saw about the Amazon forest in Venezuela. The countries which have Amazon forest. We also discussed about Lake Maracaybo. We also discussed about river Orinoco. We discussed about peak Pico Boliva. And finally, we discussed about the natural resources of Venezuela. Now, let us move on to the next discussion. Now, look at this editorial. This editorial is regarding anti-Google law passed by South Korea. What is anti-Google law? Why was it passed? This editorial is a discussion on these topics. Let us see these points in detail. The syllabus relevant to this article is displayed on the screen. Interested aspirants can go through it. See, on August 31, South Korean Parliament amended telecommunication business act. This amendment is called as anti-Google law. What is the amendment? See, the anti-Google law prevents dominant app store operators. Who are the dominant app store operators? Google, Apple, OK. They are the dominant app store operators. The anti-Google law prevents the dominant app store operators from forcing South Korean app developers to use their in-store payment systems. I know some aspirants may be confused by this statement. Let me explain with this in an example. See, most of us have smartphones. Imagine your smartphone. In your smartphone, you have a Play Store. In Play Store, you have a lot of apps. There are free apps. There are paid apps. So imagine you are downloading a paid app. This app is 130 rupees. And you are paying for this app. How will you pay for this app? See, when you are downloading the app, the payment options pop up. This is how you pay for that app. See, in Google and Apple Play Store, this payment option is only Apple Pay or Google Pay. You can't pay by other means. This is the issue. The Apple and Google have deliberately kept this method. This is because they want to charge a commission of 30%. Like I said, you are downloading an app of 130 rupees. The original cost of the app is only 100 rupees. The 30 rupees is for the Google or Apple. This is the issue. In dominant Play Stores, you can pay for the apps only through their in-payment system. You cannot directly transfer the amount to the app developer through some other means. This is restrictive trade practices. The Apple and Google access them. They control the app developer and they get the commission. They charge 30% commission on paid apps. This amount is very steep. It affects the consumers. It affects the app developers as well. So because of this huge commission, many small app developers are finding it difficult to sell their apps. Imagine 30% charge for an app. You are producing under rupees app, but Apple and Google is charging 30%. The app price becomes 130. So consumers will be deterred from buying that app. And because of this, many small players are getting affected. It is against the free and fair trade practice. This is why South Korean government has passed anti-Google law. The law prevents dominant app store operators from forcing South Korean app developers to use their in-store payment system. They cannot push their own in-payment system. Now let us play devil's advocate. Let us now see the Apple and Google side of the story. According to Google and Apple, they are using this commission for two things. What are those two things? First, according to Apple and Google, the Android and iOS has been used for free by the smartphone users. They are giving this operating system for free. According to Google and Apple, they are able to provide the free operating system only through the commission of 30%. Otherwise, they may not be able to provide the operating system for free. Again, these are the statements of Google and Apple. Now moving on to the second point. The second point is regarding the Play Store. According to Google and Apple, they maintain the Play Store environment. They protect it from virus. They protect it from malware. They are maintaining their resources. So for this maintenance, they are using the commission from the apps. They are keeping the digital environment safe. So these are the two points given by the Apple and Google providing free operating system maintaining the Play Store environment. For these two things, they are using the commission gained from the paid apps. But according to the experts, 30% commission is very high. They agree with the logic behind the Apple and Google. But still, they find the 30% commission to be very high. So they want to provide level playing feel for the small app developers. They want to reduce the commission. They want to reduce the commission to 15%. According to the experts, 15% commission by Google and Apple will be justified. But Google and Apple did not agree. This is why South Korea has passed anti-Google law. This law challenges the restrictive trade practices. So according to this law, Google and Apple can't force the South Korean app developers to use the in-store payment system. See, South Korea is not alone. Let us take United States of America. In United States of America, a company called Epic has sued Google and Apple. It has sued these corporates on the grounds of restrictive payment practices. Now, let us take India. Even in India, Google and Apple are facing a lot of legal challenges. The concept of in-app payment system is now reviewed by the Competition Commission of India. So this in-app payment system is now being challenged by many countries. Even European Union is now challenging this in-app payment system. So these are the important points highlighted in this editorial. This editorial highlights that the legal system is fighting the restrictive trade practices. Now, many countries are going against the genes like Apple and Google to ensure free and fair trade practices. These are the important points highlighted in the editorial. With this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw what is anti Google law? Why was it passed by South Korea? We also discussed about the in-app payment system, the issues with in-app payment system. We also discussed about the Google and Apple story regarding the in-app payment system. And finally we discussed about the countries which are challenging these practices. Very important topic from Main's perspective. Now, let us move on to the next discussion. Now, take a look at this article. This article is regarding Incoice. See, Incoice is conducting a three-day regional workshop. This workshop will be covering the role of media in the tsunami early warning chain. Apart from this, this workshop will also be covering about standard operating procedures and timely and effective warnings. So, this is a gist of this news. See, this news is not that important. But Incoice is very important. Incoice stands for Indian National Center for Ocean Information Sciences. This organization is very important from Prelims as well as Main's perspective. In Prelims, you can expect a direct question. In Main's you can use it as value addition. So, let us see about Incoice. See, another important point is Incoice has ITEWC Indian Tsunami Early Warning Center. So, in addition to Incoice, let us also discuss about ITEWC. Let us start this discussion. What is Incoice? As I already said, Incoice stands for Indian National Center for Ocean Information Sciences. It is an autonomous body. It was launched in the year 1999. The most important point it is under Ministry of Earth Sciences. This point is very important. Please make note of it. You can expect these kind of statements in Prelims. Another important point, Incoice is located in Hyderabad. Now we have a question. Who is the chairman of Incoice? Secretary to Government of India for Ministry of Earth Sciences. This person is the chairman of Incoice. Now, let us discuss about the main aim of Incoice. See, Incoice is mandated to provide the best possible ocean information and advisory services. It conducts a lot of ocean observations. It conducts a lot of systematic and focused research and based on this, it provides best possible ocean information and advisory services. Now, we have a question. Who are the target audience of Incoice? To whom Incoice provides these information? They are industries, Government agencies, scientific communities and the common people. These are the main target audience of Incoice. See, another important point Incoice is a unit of Earth System Science Organization. See, Earth System Science Organization is an executive arm of Ministry of Earth Sciences. This organization is responsible for the policies and programs of Ministry of Earth Sciences and Incoice is a part of Earth System Science Organization. Please make sure you make a note of it. These kind of statements you can expect in problems. Incoice is a part of Earth System Science Organization. Which of the above statements are correct? These kind of statements you can expect in problems. Now, moving on to the service provided by Incoice. First comes the potential fishing zone. See, the identification of potential fishing zone was one of the first advisory services started by Incoice. See, ISRO has a satellite called OceanSat. This satellite is used for ocean application and based on the real-time data provided by the satellite, Incoice identifies the potential fishing zones. This is the data with ocean color and imagery to identify the potential fishing zones. This is the main function of Incoice. This service was mainly started to help the fisherman to identify high-quantity fishing zones in order to maximize their catch. This service will be highly beneficial to the fisherman. Now, moving on to the next service provided by Incoice. Indian Ocean Forecasting System. What is Indian Ocean Forecasting System? See, Incoice predicts the surface and subsurface features of Indian Ocean in advance. See, we all know that India is a peninsula covered by water on its all three sides. So, it is important for us to know the state of ocean in advance when it comes to commercial activities. Then only we can plan it better. This is where Indian Ocean Forecasting System comes into play. It predicts the surface and subsurface features of the Indian Ocean and this service is provided by Incoice. Moving on to the next service. Ocean Observation Group. See, ocean observation group measures and monitors the temperature and salinity of the Indian Ocean. To be precise, it measures and monitors the temperature and salinity of the upper 2,000 meters of the ocean. What is the intention behind it? See, through this observation, we can understand the evolving nature of upper ocean. We can understand the pattern of climate variability. So, this is another important service provided by Incoice. Ocean Observation Group. Now, moving on to the most important service. Tsunami Early Warning System. ITEWC. See, you can expect direct question from ITEWC. This component of Incoice is very important. See, let us go back to 2004. In 2004, India experienced one of the worst disaster. We experienced tsunami. It caused a lot of destruction to lives and property. So, in this backdrop, our Indian government decided to put in place an early warning system for tsunami. This is ITEWC. See, tsunami early warning system is a network. It consists of seismic stations, bottom pressure recorders, tide gorges and 24 into 7 operational tsunami warning center. So, all these components form a network. This network is called as tsunami early warning system. They provide the early warning regarding tsunamis. They use the latest communication methods. They use vulnerability modeling. They use decision support system. So, through this advanced technologies, they provide timely advisory to the vulnerable community so that we can be prepared for tsunami. I hope aspirants can follow. So, these are the important points regarding incoice. Very important topic from prilims as well as mains perspective. In prilims, you can expect a direct question. In mains, you can use it as value addition in your mains answer. For example, if a question is regarding disaster management, you can highlight the role of incoice in your mains answer. So, that's the end of this discussion. Now, let us move on to the next part. Now, look at this article. This article is regarding eShram portal. See recently, Ministry of Labor and Employment launched a portal called eShram portal. It was launched on August 26th. And according to this news, us of now, 20 lakh unorganized sector workers have registered with the portal. This is the gist of this article. In this backdrop, let us know about eShram portal. Let us also discuss some of its objectives. Very important topic from prilims' perspective. See, as I already said, eShram portal was launched by Ministry of Labor and Employment. Very important point. Now, we have a question. Why was this portal created? See, this portal was developed to create a national database of unorganized workers. It is the first ever national database of unorganized workers. It will include all kinds of unorganized workers, migrant workers, construction workers, platform workers, gig workers, etc. It will be the first ever national database of unorganized workers. See, this database will be connected with Aadhar. The main objective of this portal is to improve the life and dignity of the unorganized workforce of our country. Now, we have a question. What kind of information will be collected in this portal? Name, occupation, address, educational qualification, skill types and family details. These kind of information will be collected from unorganized workers and included in this portal. By collecting this information, we will protect and safeguard the interest of unorganized workers. We can also provide social security to the labor force in the unorganized sector. Through the data in this portal, we can enact and implement various labor laws. We can regulate the terms and condition of service and employment of workers. So, this is why this portal is very important. It has noble objectives. See, some other objectives of this portal are given here for a reference. Interested aspirants can go through it. Now, we have a question. Who can register in this portal? What is the eligibility? See, any worker who is working in unorganized sector and aged between 16 to 59 is eligible to register on Ishram portal. This point is very important. The age is 16 to 59 and the person should be working in unorganized sector. For example, migrant workers, gig workers, platform workers, agricultural workers, NREGA workers, fishermen, milkmen, Asha workers, Anganwadi workers, street vendors, domestic workers, rickshaw pullers. People who are working in such unorganized sector and if they are aged between 16 to 59 can register in Ishram portal. So, these are the important points regarding Ishram portal. Very important topic from Prelims perspective. With this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw about Ishram portal, the ministry which has launched Ishram portal, the objectives of Ishram portal and the eligibility of Ishram portal. Now, let us move on to the next part of our discussion. Now, look at this article. This article is regarding Bitcoin. See, according to this article, El Salvador has adopted Bitcoin as a legal tender. This is a gist of this article. So, in this context, let us see about Bitcoin. Now, what is Bitcoin? See, Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency. So, let us know what are cryptocurrencies? See, in simple words, cryptocurrencies are digital files which are used as money. It is created the same way as cryptography is created. See, understand this. A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency. The term crypto in cryptocurrency refers to various encryption algorithms and cryptographic techniques that safeguard these currencies. See, cryptography is a method of storing and transmitting data in a particular form. So, through cryptography, only those for whom it is intended can read and process it. This is the biggest advantage of cryptography and cryptocurrency use this technique of cryptography. Cryptocurrencies are designed with encryption. Now, we have a question. How can we buy cryptocurrencies? See, cryptocurrencies can be bought using credit card. It can also be mined. We can mine cryptocurrencies. What is mining? See, in the context of cryptocurrencies, mining means solving some equations. If you solve the equation through the use of computers, you will receive the Bitcoin or cryptocurrency. This process is called Bitcoin mining or cryptocurrency mining. Now, let us discuss the features of cryptocurrency. See, cryptocurrencies are decentralized networks based on blockchain technology. Blockchain is a specific type of database in which data is stored in blocks. This is why it is called as blockchain. These digital blocks are chained together in a chronological order. See, the blockchain uses a decentralized way of storing data so that no single person or group has control. All users collectively retain control in blockchain technology. And cryptocurrencies are decentralized networks based on blockchain technology. So, we can say cryptocurrencies is not controlled by a single person or a group. The users collectively retain control over cryptocurrencies. This point is very important. Another important feature. Cryptocurrencies are not generally issued by any central authority. This is because of the decentralized structure of cryptocurrencies. So, because of this decentralized structure, cryptocurrencies exist outside the control of governments and central authorities. This is another important feature. They are not issued by any central authority. They exist outside the control of governments and central authorities. So, these are the features of cryptocurrencies. Now, let us discuss about the advantages of cryptocurrencies. See, using cryptocurrency we can transfer funds directly between two parties. There is no need of third party. For example, like bank, credit card company these kind of third parties are not required in cryptocurrencies. This is the first major advantage. Moving on to the next one. It is impossible to counterfeit or double-spend the cryptocurrency. We cannot create fake cryptocurrencies. So, this currency is foolproof. And as I already said, this currency exists outside the control of central authority. So, it does not have any major regulations. It is consumer-friendly. These are the advantages of cryptocurrencies. Now, let us discuss about its disadvantages. See, cryptocurrencies are semi-anonymous in nature. In cryptocurrency transaction we can trace the transaction on the account, but we cannot trace the account owner. The owners of cryptocurrency are not easily traceable. This is the first major disadvantage. So, cryptocurrency may facilitate crimes like drug trafficking, prostitution, terrorism, money laundering, tax evasion, etc. Because of its untraceable nature the evil doers of society may use this currency. Now, moving on to the next disadvantage. As I already said, cryptocurrencies are not backed by the government. So, it does not have the same protection the money enjoys in a bank account. Now, moving on to the next disadvantage. Cryptocurrencies are highly volatile in nature. For example, take Bitcoin. Bitcoin almost became $19,000 in December 2017. So, many people started investing in Bitcoin. But after December 2017 it started collapsing. In the following months it almost became $7,000. So, from $19,000 it became $7,000. So, it is highly volatile in nature. This is where many economists believe Bitcoins to be short lived. This is another major disadvantage of cryptocurrencies. See, cryptocurrency is an important topic from Prillim's as well as Main's perspective. In Prillim's you can expect a direct question. For example, you can expect a question like which of the following statements are correct and they can give the features of cryptocurrency and they may ask you to find the right statements. So, make sure you have a substantial understanding of cryptocurrency. What are cryptocurrencies? What are the technology to use as the blockchain technology? What are the features of cryptocurrency? It is decentralized. It is not issued by any central authority and also know the advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrencies. We discussed all these important points in this discussion. I hope it is beneficial for the aspirants. Now, let us move on to the next topic. Now, take a look at this topic. This topic is regarding autism. A few conditions and diseases are asked in Prillim's. So, in this context let us learn about the important points regarding autism. It can be beneficial in the upcoming prillim's. This is because in the last few months autism has been constantly mentioned in news. So, it may have caught the attention of the examiner and this topic has a high chance of being asked. Now, let us discuss about autism. See, autism is also called as autism spectrum disorder A-S-D. This disorder is a condition related to brain development. This condition impacts our person perceives and socializes with others. It causes problems in social interaction. It causes problems in communication. So, this is autism spectrum disorder. See, autism can be diagnosed at any period of a person's life. It is a condition irrespective of the age. It can be diagnosed at any period of a person's life. But in most cases, the symptoms usually appear in the first three years of the person's life. See, now, aspirants may have a question why autism is also called as autism spectrum disorder. Why this unique name? Why it is called as spectrum? See, it is called as spectrum disorder because it doesn't follow the same symptom or pattern. Autism has wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms. One autistic patient will be severely depressed whereas another autistic patient will be slightly depressed. Another autistic patient will have no depression. So, the severity and the pattern of symptoms has a wide variation. This is why it is called as spectrum. See, spectrum is a huge range, right? So, the autistic patient will have symptoms anywhere in that spectrum. The severity and pattern will show a wide variation. This is why it is called as autism spectrum disorder. See, autism is a life long illness. But with proper treatment and support, we can enhance the person's life. We can increase the autistic patient capacity to function. So, treatment and support is essential for autistic patients. So far, it doesn't have a cure but proper treatments are available. Now, let us come to the most important part. What causes autism? See, we are yet to know the exact causes. But many experts believe environment, biology and genetic play a huge role in the causing of autism. Let me repeat. Environment, biology and genetics. But we are yet to know the exact causes. Many experts believe environment, biology and genetic to be the cause for autism. Now, moving on to the next part. Symptoms of autism. See, as I already said, autistic patient will have difficulty with social communication. They will have difficulty with social interaction. They will have restricted interest. They will exhibit repetitive behaviors. Some autistic patients may also experience C problems. They may show irritability. So, these are the general symptoms associated with autism. But as I already said, it is a spectrum. The symptoms and the severity of symptoms in autistic patient shows wide variation. Some other symptoms of autism are highlighted here for your reference. Interested aspirants can go through it. So, these are the basic points regarding autism. With this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw about what is autism? Why it is called as autism spectrum disorder? What are the symptoms of autism? What are the causes of autism? Whether treatment is available for autism? Whether cure is available for autism? Now, let us move on to the next topic. Now, take a look at this article. The article is regarding Take-A-Break project. See, Take-A-Break project is a scheme of Kerala. It was announced as part of NKKP. NKKP stands for Navakeralam Karma Padathi. See, NKKP is an initiative that aims to bring basic socio-economic service in a qualitative manner. So, as a part of this initiative, Take-A-Break project has been initiated by Kerala. I hope aspirants can follow. Now, let us see what is Take-A-Break scheme. See, Take-A-Break scheme is a network of roadside refreshment centers. These centers will have toilets, they will have snack bar, ATM counter and parking lot. See, we all take long journeys. We drive for hundreds of kilometers. So, these kind of centers ensures that travelers can take a break and refresh themselves between long journeys. This is the purpose of Take-A-Break scheme. It has been set up to facilitate long journeys. It will be beneficial for the people as well as the tourists. So far, hundred toilet facilities have been inaugurated under this scheme. These toilets are state of art. It is equipped with sanitary napkin disposal system. It has bio-waste storage system and it also has disinfectants. Now, let us come to the most important point. See, the maintenance of this toilet complex will be ensured by Kudumbashree Mission and NREGA Mission. These two schemes will ensure the maintenance of these toilet complexes. This is the gist of this article. See, NREGA scheme stands for Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and Kudumbashree is an important initiative of Kerala. These two schemes will ensure the maintenance of the toilet complexes under the take-up-break scheme. So, let us know about Kudumbashree. See, Kudumbashree is an important initiative of Kerala. So, it has a high chance of being asked in prylums and you can also use Kudumbashree as a value addition in your mains answer. See, Kudumbashree is a Malayalam word which means prosperity of the family. This program aims to eradicate poverty and empower women. So, in mains, if you have question regarding women empowerment, you can use this program as value addition. Let us go back to Kudumbashree. See, Kudumbashree is formally known as State Poverty Eradication Mission, SPEM. It is registered as a society and it is registered as State Poverty Eradication Mission, SPEM. This program was set up in 1997. Its membership is open to all adult women. This is the most important point. But another important point is the membership is limited to one membership per family. To put it in simple words, one adult women per family can become a member of Kudumbashree. See, Kudumbashree program includes two components. Kudumbashree Mission and Kudumbashree Community Network. Now, let us see about Kudumbashree Community Network. This network has three tyre structure. What are those three tyre structure? Neighborhood Groups, Area Development Societies, Community Development Societies. These are the three structure of Kudumbashree Community Network. See, the main aim of Kudumbashree Community Network is to bring women to the Grama Sabhaas. This network wants to include women in the political participation. So, by bringing women to the Grama Sabhaas, we can bring the needs of the poor to the attention of the local governments. This is the main aim of Kudumbashree Community Network. See, as of March 2021, Kudumbashree has a total membership of 45 lakhs women. So, it is one of the largest women networks in the world. This is why the scheme is very important. Though it may seem like a state-oriented scheme, its impact is very huge. Another thing is, you can also use it as value addition in your means answer. Now, coming to the most important point. See, the Union Ministry of Rural Development as recognized Kudumbashree as the state rural livelihood mission under the national rural livelihood mission. So, the central government is recognizing this program. It has brought the program under the state rural livelihood mission. We all know that the state rural livelihood mission is under national rural livelihood mission and the state rural livelihood mission has recognized the Kudumbashree mission. This is why this program is very important. Please make sure you learn about it. Don't skip it just because it is a state program. So, with this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw about Take a Break project. We saw about Nava Keralam Karma Padathi. Next, we discussed about Kudumbashree in detail. What is the meaning of Kudumbashree? What is the aim of the Kudumbashree? When was it started? Who can be the members of Kudumbashree? Next, we saw about the components of Kudumbashree program, Kudumbashree Mission and Kudumbashree Community Networks. Next, we discussed about the recognition given by the central government. Kudumbashree is recognized under state rural livelihood mission. This recognition was given by the Union Ministry of Rural Development. So, these are the important points regarding Kudumbashree Mission. Please make note of it. You can use it as value addition in your mains answer. Even in optional, if you have a topic regarding women empowerment, you can use this scheme as value addition. Moving on to the next discussion. Moving on to reference articles. I will look at this article. This article is regarding Singur Nisam Sagar Dam. It is also about Manjira River. See, we have already discussed about these dams and river in great detail. Go to 6th September 2021 Daily News Analysis. You can find this topic. Now moving on to the next article. This article is about reservation policy. Again, we have discussed about reservation policy in great detail on 6th September 2021 Daily News Analysis. Interested aspirants, please watch that video. Now, let us move on to the next part of our discussion. Now moving on to practice problems question. First question. Consider following statements. First statement. Kudumbashree is a community network having three tire structure that covers the entire state of Kerala. Second statement. Area Development Society monitors neighborhood groups and provide them activities including setting up and running micro enterprises. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only. See both 1 and 2. D. Neither 1 nor 2. See both the statements are correct. As we have already discussed, Kudumbashree is a community network and has a three tire structure and it covers the entire state of Kerala. So, first statement is correct. Moving on to the second statement. The second statement is regarding Area Development Society. See, Area Development Society monitors neighborhood groups and it also supports them on activities like setting up and running micro enterprises. So, both the statements are correct. The answer is option C. Both 1 and 2. Now, second practice problems question. Consider following statements. First statement. The India National Center for Ocean Information Sciences is an autonomous body launched under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. Second statement. It is a unit of the Earth System Science Organization. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 only. B. 2 only. C. Both 1 and 2. D. Neither 1 nor 2. See, both the statements are correct. Incoise is autonomous body launched under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. So, first statement is right. Now, moving on to second statement. It is a unit of Earth System Science Organization. See, Earth System Science Organization is the executive arm of Ministry of Earth Sciences and Incoise is a part of Earth System Science Organization. So, both the statements are right. The correct answer is option C. Both 1 and 2. Moving on to the next question. Third question. The disease is related to brain development that impacts our person, perceives and socialize with others. It causes problems in social interaction and communication. The symptoms usually appear in the first three years of the person's life itself. Which of the following is that disease? A. Alzheimer's disease. B. Autism. C. Bronchitis. D. Epititis. See, take option A. Alzheimer's disease. does not affect kids. It is usually found in old people. So, we can eliminate option A. Moving on to option B. Option B is autism. This option is correct. Anyways, in order to be safe, let us see option C as well as option D. What is option C? Bronchitis. See, bronchitis is an inflammation on the lining of bronchial tubes. So, this option is not right. Take option D. Epititis. Epititis is information of the liver. So, we can eliminate option D as well. So, the correct answer is B. Autism. Autism is a brain development disorder. It affects our person, perceives and socialize with others. It causes problems in social interaction and communication. The symptoms usually appear in first three years of the person's life. Fourth, practice problems question. Consider the following are now organized sectors. One, Asha workers. Two, Anganwadi workers. Three, Nrega workers. Four, Gig workers. Five, migrant workers. Each of the above sectors are eligible to register on the Ishram portal. A, one and two only. B, four and five only. C, two, three and four only. D, one, two, three, four and five only. See, as we saw from the discussion, all the above sectors are eligible to register on the Ishram portal. If a person is working in any of these sectors and he or she is of age between 16 to 59, they can register in Ishram portal. So, the correct answer is D, one, two, three, four and five only. All these sectors are included. The main practice questions are displayed on the screen. Interest or aspirants can write the answer and post in the comment section below. If you like this video, click like. If you want to post a comment, post a comment in the comment section below. And don't forget to subscribe to Shankanayas Academy channel. Thank you. All the best.