 We're good? Yeah. How's it sound? Quite nice? Is this okay? It sounds wonderful. Okay. The irony there is you don't know. Well, I guess it does have a measurable effect on me. The irony is do I ever know? No, we never know anything. Knowledge is bullshit. My keys are going to fall through my pants and it's going to be really weird. It's going to cause a respondent response. So I'm going to put them away. Anyway, so that's probably part of the video. It's just starting the engine. What's that? Things really get me going. Let me tell you. If you haven't figured it out, folks, this little segment vignette thing for behavior beast is respondent conditioning and, you know, beasts and respondents and reflexes. Anyway, so we're really, I'm really glad Ivan Pavlov is dead. Only because he did amazing work. I'm going to boil an entire career into five minutes. In fact, I'm going to talk for about another minute here before I really get into it, and that's probably going to mean that we're going to boil him down into four minutes, which is really going to torque him off. Either that, I'm going to talk really fast. I don't know. Anyway, so let's look at respondent behavior. It's one of the behaviors that we have to work with in behavior analysis. It's one of those basic concepts of all behavior. It fits for, you know, a vast majority of organisms respond this way or have respondent behavior have, display respondent behavior. That's better. You don't have it. Anyway, so it's really simple. Reflexes. That one felt good. So the feeling, that's the reflex, right? We could modify, we could modify things so we could take a stimulus and pair it with hitting myself on the head and that pairing, that other stimulus might evoke the response. So we'll get into what that is here in a second. But really modification of reflexes is what respondent conditioning is all about. So respondent behavior then is the behaviors that you engage in that are modified through respondent conditioning. So it's also called classical conditioning because it's classic. It's like the first one because of Ivan Pavlov, because it was like a hundred and some odd years ago. So in the case you're watching this in 2045, maybe 2145, because YouTube is still around then, there would be a couple hundred years ago, so early 1900s. So really early, very, at the beginning, maybe even a little bit before, too many thoughts, they're going crazy. So respondent behavior, what do we got? We have an unconditioned stimulus, then we have an unconditioned response. So the U.S. and the U.R. are your typical reflexes. That's just whatever you didn't have to learn about. So some pepper in the nose. I'm jumping in the water and everything's shrinking. That is really cold water. That would be a respondent, a U.S. and U.R. But anyway, so we're going to modify those. Well, how are we going to modify them? Really simple. We're going to take a neutral stimulus, something that you didn't have any prior history about. I didn't kill the tree, it was going to fall up in a little bit anyway. So this neutral stimulus could be paired with whatever would make me sneeze. So I could do this and then this, so this becomes the CS, right? So this neutral stimulus starts out as neutral because it elicit a response. So it's neutral until I pair it with an unconditional stimulus. When I pair that with an unconditional stimulus, then this becomes a conditioned stimulus. So then if we do that enough, we pair those things enough, this CS will elicit a U, sorry, not a U, a C, R. So the CS elicits a C, R. The U, S elicits a U, R. The U, R does not always look like the C, R. They're often the same. If I pair this with pepper in my nose 100 times or whatever, this may make me sneeze and they do look the same, but it doesn't have to. There's lots of examples about where it doesn't have to. We don't have time to get into those right now. So CS, this becomes the CS through repeated pairings with a U.S. and it eventually will elicit a new response called the C, R, the conditioned response. So that develops your responding to the world from a reflexive sense. So people that think reflexes are frozen and fixed in time, they're not. They can be modified and we have lots and lots of evidence for that. Watson kind of blew this whole world up and went really crazy with it. So at the last point that I really want to make about this is that there's extinction. We can break that connection between the CS and the U.S. simply by presenting this CS by itself over and over and over and over and over and over and over again. So without the U.S. Again, there's a lot more to it. Look up the Riscorla Wagner model or wait until we record on the Riscorla Wagner model to talk about it. That's really about predictability between those things. So I've gone way, way, way over time, but I think we've got everything through. Oh, sorry, that breaking that connection. That's called a respond to extinction. We're going to extinguish the effect that this leaf has on my behavior by breaking the pairing between this and the unconditional standards. So last little point, unconditional, unconditioned, completely interchangeable. It's a translation issue. So higher order conditioning. This is weird. Okay, so we take that. I'm gonna get another leaf because I threw one away. A lot of them fell. All right. So we remember we had our leaf, right? So that was our CS. Now we could find a different... Oh, let's find a stick. Oh my God. Leg day in the gym, I'm sore. So this CS, right? We've developed it. We didn't extinguish it. Let's erase that part of the video where we didn't, where we've extinguished this already. So erase it from your mind. That's funny. No, it's not. It's not funny at all. Anyway, so CS, it already produces a CR. Now we're going to take another neutral stimulus and pair it with this, right? So we're going to pair those two things together and then magically this will eventually produce a new CR, okay? That's called higher order conditioning because this was never connected to the original stimulus that produced the original reflex, the US. So in this case, the secondary CS never got paired with the original US. So as a result, okay, it's higher order conditioning. The layers that you can go through will let you figure out how many you can do, but it's not very many. So it changes from species to species. This is a really weird area to work in. The evidence is interesting and confusing. So anyway, that's higher order conditioning for you. Bye. See you.