 My name is Stella Thompson and I'm interested in carbon computations for future land use. Now, I've heard of a new program called Carbosen and I'm with Marko Lariavaara, who works at the University of Helsinki. He's developed the software, so maybe you could tell me a little more about it. Yeah, that's right. Carbosen is good for computing carbon implications of land use scenarios. Typically they are land use scenarios for the future, but you could do also calculations on carbon, ecosystem carbon in the past. And it can be used for several purposes. One is to, for example, we developed it to be used in participatory workshops. So it's a relatively easy tool for the participants to understand relatively quickly. All right. Are there other people who could also use it? Yeah, I think it would be close to optimal also for quick carbon computations to estimate, for example, whether there is potential for carbon conservation projects, for example, under the framework of REDD+. Well, you've got me really interested. So how do I get the program? Yeah, you can download it from CIFOR website. So what you get from there is a folder and in that folder, there are four folders and one shortcut. So when you click the shortcut, the program opens. That, if you can see the shortcut, because I noticed that in some countries people use antivirus software, which deletes the shortcut automatically, then go to the bin, open it and click the X-File, the large X-File. That's another way to open the program. All right. Are there situations when I can't really use? Yeah, well, Carbosan is only about carbon, like the name suggests. So the idea is that the more there is carbon in the ecosystem, the more there is biospheric carbon, the less there is carbon in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. But Carbosan is not about methane or nitrous oxides or other greenhouse gases or other impacts of land use or land use change on climate. Carbosan is only about carbon. All right. Well, let's say for example that I have a nature forest area or natural forest area. So can I use Carbosan to compute the carbon in this case? Yeah, you could get numbers with Carbosan for steady-state old growth forest, but there's no point in using Carbosan in that kind of simple situation. You can do the calculation in a back-of-an envelope. Just multiply the carbon density value with the area and that's it. That's how you get the landscape carbon stocks. Carbosan, we designed Carbosan to simulate carbon implications in changing landscapes with changing land uses and slow changes in carbon density. For example, due to soil carbon included in the simulation, for example, when the cropland like you can see in this photo, a cropland is converted into a forest. Typically, there's an increase in soil carbon, but the change is slow. It doesn't happen in one day after the trees are planted, but it takes years and decades. So Carbosan is good in taking these slow changes into account. All right. Well, if we have more complex simulations, does the program take into account all forms of land use change or just certain ones? Yeah, so you can add land use types as many as you want in this graphical user interface. But there are certain assumptions on how the land use changes happen. So we can discuss those in the later clips.