 Good morning. Good morning. I will start off slowly as we wait for our colleagues to trickle into the room. It is my greatest pleasure to be here in front of you today. My name is Nilofar Hidaya. My pronouns are she, her, and I will be the master of ceremonies over the next two days. Now it is my privilege to be here today standing before you, but in my other life, I'm actually a journalist, a filmmaker, and a content creator, specifically focusing on the stories of women, children, and the environment. Now welcome here today to the International Dialogue on Migration. This is our opportunity to get states, international organizations, civil society, local communities, other key stakeholders involved and discussing their experiences on migration, sharing ideas and stories about what's been going on in their worlds. Now we aim to facilitate this dialogue by giving an opportunity for as many of you to speak as possible. That's my aim. That's what I'm going to try to do. We'll see how far we get. Now, the doors have been shut. We are ready to begin. Before starting the meeting, I want to just draw your attention to some rules, some housekeeping rules for the conduct for this session. First and foremost, this session will be instantly translated and interpreted into six official UN languages, including Chinese, Arabic, French, English, Russian, and Spanish. That makes me sound very impressive because it sounds like I speak all these languages and I absolutely do not, but yes, thank you. Now to allow for the interpretation to be done effectively, I will require my delegates, any interventions and those speaking to please do so in a measured way so that our interpreters have the time to be able to interpret what you're saying. I have a very strict two-minute intervention or speaking time allocated. Two minute, by the way, is the maximum, not the minimum reminder for everybody. Those of our colleagues that are joining us virtually, there are cameras dotted around the room. Welcome. Thank you so much for making the time to be here with us. May I ask you to please use either a USB connected speaker or headphone device. Make sure that you're in a quiet place, that you have a stable internet connection so that we don't lose any meaning or any of the thoughts that you so kindly want to share with us. So please try and do that if you can. Now, as MC, I will give the floor to participants in the room and online. So please be aware that for some of the panels, we will be opening the floor and having those interventions and contributions within the panel debate and for some, it will be after. Leave it with me. I'll take care of that bit, just so you know. Okay, so with all of these housekeeping rules to one side, it is time for us to begin. Your Excellencies, distinguished delegates, dear colleagues and friends, it is my pleasure to welcome you to this year's IDM focusing on the topic Think About Tomorrow, Act Today, the Future of Human Mobility and Climate Change. Now, this IDM session will promote cross-theomatic and cross-regional connections, highlighting challenges but also opportunities along with good practices to help place climate mobility very high on the agenda. Now, our session here is going to have about 25 speakers and facilitators from all over the world, bringing diverse views and perspectives to this conversation, filling your brain with new and interesting ideas for you to take home. That will be our gift to you. We're also lucky enough to enjoy two multicultural musical performances by artists whose lives and careers have been shaped by their migration story and their experiences of migration. If that's not enough for you, I've got more. There are going to be fantastic, sensorial experiences that you can participate in outside of the hall in front of me, to my side, and you'll be able to go out there and participate. I'm not going to tell you anything about it because those of you watching online will be very jealous and we don't want that, but suffice it to say that there's going to be art exhibitions, virtual reality experiences on environment, migration and innovation. There's also a social media wall, so you can be famous and see yourself. It's brilliant. I love it. It will also share your tweets and a video series showcasing examples of solutions implemented by the IOM and partners to expand the range of options available to communities affected by climate change. Yes, I hope that the next two days are going to be an energizing and thought-provoking IDM. I'm glad to be here and glad to get us started. There's a lot of talking on my part. Climate change and human mobility must be at the heart of discussions in this and in other relevant forums and woven throughout what we do for a better future. Now is the time to act. Let's start first with a performance. We are very lucky to be graced with the talent of Julia Starr. Julia is a mezzo-soprano born in Dachar Senegal. As one of the most sought-after backing vocalists, she's worked with prominent musicians from all over the world for a very long time, including Miriam McCabe, Yusuf Ndur, Salif Keita and Marcus Miller. She pursues a solo career now with songs rooted in her Wolof culture and the West African poly rhythm. Please clap and help me introduce Julia Starr. She's been a good singer for a long time. She's also been a great singer for a long time. I'm very happy to be here today. I've been here since I was born, but I'm happy to be here today. I'm very happy to be here today. I'm very happy to be here today. I'm happy to be here today. Julia saw there with her absolutely captivating voice, I was mesmerized, forgot to get up on stage, that's how mesmerized I was. Right, time then for our keynote speeches for today. I'd like to welcome on stage all the keynote speakers at once and then one in turn, I hope that you can make your remarks. So please welcome onto the stage DG, Ms. Amy Pope, regional director for human development, Mikhail Redkowski, and also we've got Hulud Bin Mansur who's the African Youth Ambassador for Peace. Welcome on stage, the three of you. Thank you Mikhail. Good morning Amy, pleasure to meet you. I'm Mikhail Redkowski, thank you. Now, first we will hear from Ms. Amy Pope of the United States of America who begins her five-year term as the 11th director general of the International Organization for Migration on like five days ago, six days ago, very new to the job. Prior to historic election DG Pope was IOM's deputy director general for management and reform and she is the first, this is really cool, sorry choking up a bit, she is the first woman director general of the IOM. She is one of the youngest to ever hold a position like this at the United Nations Agency. DG Pope is a dynamic leader and demonstrates experiences in addressing very complex migration issues and bringing transformative change across organizations. DG Amy Pope, please could you take to the lectern and give us your keynote speech. Thank you very much. Welcome. So first of all, I have to correct something. It's not Amy Pope of the United States of America. It is Amy Pope of the International Organization for Migration. It is so wonderful to have all of you here today, which I am telling everybody and I want you to make it true. This is the hottest event in Geneva this week. I know some of you are thinking well the bar is kind of low, but I know that with all of you here with the voices, with your engagement, with the music, with the art and with the extraordinarily thoughtful conversation, we can make this the hottest conversation in Geneva. So we're here today because we know the issue of climate is impacting human mobility in ways that we could not have predicted 10 years ago, 20 years ago. Just last year, over 60 million people, 60 million, were displaced because of disasters relating to climate. That is 60 million people including across North America, people displaced by wildfires, across Libya, people displaced by the storms, where thousands have died, across the Pacific Islands, people who are displaced because of a range of storms, of sea level rise and other disasters. And we're seeing this play out over and over and over again. And ladies and gentlemen, excellencies, dear colleagues and friends, it is time that we act. Because if we don't act countless lives will be lost. Countless people will become homeless. Countless jobs and economic opportunities will be gone. Now the purpose of having you all here today is to drive that conversation. And it's to do something a little bit different from the regular Geneva scene. It's to bring in the voices of people we don't always hear from, to bring in voices of young people, to bring in voices of the Pacific Islands, to bring in the voices of indigenous communities, to make sure that together we are hearing, we understand, we can empathize, and we will be called to action. Now there are many ways that you can engage over the next two days. Number one, your presence here, your engagement, your thoughts, your feedback. This is a dialogue. This is not just meant to be listening to a bunch of people up here, blah, blah, blah. This is meant to spark, to provoke, and to push people into thinking about their role in responding to climate change. We're making it easy for you. We'll have music here. We'll have art exhibits so you can get a firsthand look at how people are experiencing climate around the world. We have virtual reality. Literally, you can put on the goggles and the earphones and have literally step into the shoes of someone who is experiencing the impacts of climate change. And at the end of this, we want you all to act. We want you all to be part of the solution. Now, there are exciting things happening, right? There is a growing awareness. I was at the Africa Climate Summit just a few weeks ago, where I was tremendously fortunate to work with many of our African member states who were expanding what's called the Kampala Declaration on Climate and Environment and Climate Change. And this, the Kampala Declaration, which is focused on the impact of climate on human mobility, was signed by over 30 of our African member states. That means that over 30 of our member states are recognizing the impact of climate change on their communities and calling people to act. I'm going out to the Pacific Island Forum in just about a month's time, where we expect leaders from across the Pacific to do the same thing. We know the conversations are happening in the Caribbean and in Latin America. It's time collectively that we all come together and we recognize the impact that climate is having on real people every single day. And I know we all say the first step is to admit you have a problem. So I'll take that. That's our first step. We're going to admit that we have a problem. We're going to admit that millions of people are living in climate vulnerable communities. The UNFCCC said over 300 million people are living in climate vulnerable communities. 300 million people who do not have safety, security or stability because of the possible impacts of climate change. But admitting you have a problem, that's just step one. If we really want to make a difference, we need to get beyond admitting and we need to get to acting. So that is why we are all here today. Wherever you are from in the world, whichever sector you represent in the world, whichever community you represent or identify with in the world, you are here today to act. So thank you for being part of this conversation. Thank you for being partners with the International Organization for Migration. And I have every confidence that working together, we will make a difference. Thanks very much. D.G. Amy Pope there, not of the USA, but the IOM. We move forward now to our next keynote speaker. Michael Rokowski is the regional director for human development for Europe, Central Asia for the World Bank. Now previously he was the global director for social protection and jobs from 2016 to 2023. He oversaw the World Bank's work to protect the poorest and the most vulnerable and from crises and shocks while supporting private sector led growth. Please help me in welcoming Michael Rokowski. Thank you very much. I hope you can hear me well. It's a big honor to take the stage after after madam Amy Pope of the IOM and I feel inspired by what you said Amy about how we need to in the form of a dialogue proceed further with the migration agenda and with what migration brings to our development challenges and opportunities. I actually arrived yesterday night from Turkey of all the places I see the Turkey delegation there and so much what we do in Turkey is related to accommodating forcefully displaced people and migrants from other countries, especially Syria, but doing it in a way in which the home population is treated at the same level and is not discriminated against. Otherwise, local population would not be as welcoming as they are to refugees and migrants from other countries and I think Turkey gives us a very good example of that. This event is very much cast in the form of thinking about the links between climate change and migration. I very much appreciate that and I think it's very timely, especially in the context of the COP coming in December. So it's a good strategic leadership on the part of IOM to link those things very closely with each other because they are very closely. However, even in the absence of climate change and I will come back to climate change in a moment, migration would be one of the biggest if not the biggest challenges and opportunities of development. The income differentials that persist across countries and continents and the demographic transition that creates youth bulges in many countries in the global south and that creates labor shortages in many countries of the global north in themselves would already suggest that migration and remittances, which is a function of migration, should be elevated to a completely new level when we think about development. I actually do hold a very strong personal view that we should elevate migration to a much higher level in thinking about development than it is present so far. For instance, by the way, if you look at European countries and think how they are going to solve the problem of aging and the opportunity for aging, the great news of aging, there is no solution unless you act on two fronts at the same time. Migration only is not good enough to fill the deficit of workforce. Working with pensions and increasing pension age is not good enough in itself to deal with this problem. You need both. And I don't think there are that many European countries ready to acknowledge that. And even if they are ready to acknowledge it, it will be a tacit acknowledgement in the back room, not an open acknowledgement in front of the public, including the public from countries that are absolutely bound to send millions and millions of migrants because otherwise the world is not going to develop and survive. This is all in absence of climate change. This is all in the context of income differentials and demographic transition. But if we add the challenge of climate change to that, that is becoming even more difficult, challenging, but also having enormous opportunities ahead down the line. Game migration because climate change is emerging slowly but steadily as an increasing factor that drives mobility of people. It can affect income generation. It can generate inhabilitability in many parts of the world. So it is increasingly we see it as something that drives migration. And then when you look at what's happening nowadays, we see one billion people living, in fact, in low lying cities and settlements that are at risk from coastal climate impacts by 2050. And those people will not be able and their descendants to be in the same in the same situation. Climate change affects not only the numbers of migrants. It affects also who migrants because the impact is differentiated between men and women. And it may also unfortunately lead to an increase the number of distressed movements, movements out of necessity. You know, thinking about migration, remittances and and and refugees were always in this were often in this space where we try to analytically to be very exact by distinguishing between economic migration and forced displacement. But then when it comes really to reality, this distinction doesn't hold well because refugees become economic migrants and remittances are sent by both migrants and refugees and remittances beginning last year became a bigger amount of money worldwide than the sum of overseas development assistance and a foreign direct investment. So FDI and ODA together do not match the amount remittances sent worldwide. Can we imagine how important is the role of migration and the function of migration which are remittances? Coming back in the end to the issue of green development and adoption to climate change in the migration context, it seems to me and we see it very clearly in the in the World Bank that international cooperation can enhance the match between workers, skills and attributes and the needs of the destination economies while reducing some of the adverse effects of what is often called, even though I don't like the term, the brain drain. The brain is often just a rational allocation of human capital, but I fully appreciate the perceived losses of sending countries. But this is why we need to work together. And I think the role of IOM and our role as the World Bank is fundamental here to create channels of safe, regular migration that may and does often include the element of coming back to the country of sending. Doesn't have to, but often does because it is important that those migrants contribute to the development both of countries of destination and countries of origin. The second very important thing in that process, which would be in the vision and trying to outline very much enhanced by great cooperation between international organizations, including IOM and the World Bank, but the second element so important is substantive involvement of the private sector that will only happen. Successful migration for somebody who is in the working age must end with a job. That job in nine out of ten cases will be a job with the private sector. So at this very moment when we are discussing it, when we have the great event, as Amy put it, the biggest event in town, right? This week in Geneva, which is actually very, already a tall order because Geneva has lots of events every week. But if we do that, it's important to remember that we need experimenting here because we don't know how to bring private sector. It's not natural to them. Private employers do not know migrants. And I would like to report to you that in the World Bank we have been trying to foster a successful global skills partnership pilots. One of them was between German and Morocco. Similar schemes were later followed by Belgian employers. We need to do much more of that. The Philippines is another country, a great example of establishing successful bilateral agreements for productive legal migration pathways across many economies and sector. So I think it is critical that private sector is brought to the solution of how to meet the opportunity of migration and remittances in a positive way. To sum up, let me just finish with three conclusions. In order to make labor, mobility and opportunity to also being able to address the challenge of climate migration, we need to address three core principles. And the first principle is investing in human capital. The higher is the human capital of those who are about to migrate the better for them and the better for the places that we receive them. That's why in the World Bank we do have, many of you would know this, a human capital project when we try both to measure and encourage countries to invest in human capital. We want to do it because it contributes to productivity because human capital is good in itself, but it's also critically important to successful migration, which is inevitable as I was trying to establish. The second element is that we need actually managed systematic international labored migration intermediation system. And that system needs to absolutely transcend the boundaries of the countries. It cannot be held hostage to narrow interests even of big countries in the world. It needs to be truly international. And I'm happy to say that in Geneva, in the presence of a DG of IOM, because who else than IOM should play absolutely leading role in setting up the system of managed international labor market intermediation system. And then we need constructive global dialogue and partnerships, which need to bring really private sector in a big way as it is all not going to end up well without a major role of private sector employers. So in this context, let me finish by saying I think we have been elevating the importance of migration for development in the World Bank to the level which is unprecedented. Many of you would know that we have this annual publication called Well Development Report. And the last one we had was first time in the history of the World Bank on migration. And thank you. I also am very happy about that. And then in our work in many country programs, we are increasingly featuring migration as a very important factor of development. For instance, this year, the World Bank is committed to support the establishment of 10 global skills partnerships covering different sectors, including potentially those who are highly relevant for the green economy. So many thanks for your invitation. And I'd like to declare to you that if anything, migration will be playing absolutely more and more critical role every year in the development agenda of the World Bank. And as long as I'm with the World Bank, I will do my best to support it and to put my best efforts into making the success. Thank you. Thank you so much. Now I'm grateful to call upon Khalid bin Mansour, the African Youth Ambassador for Peace of the African Union, now fuelled by her dedication to gender equity and diplomatic relations. Ben Mansour is an activist dedicated to advocating for women and children's rights in Tunisia. Now Khalid was recognised for her activism through multiple awards, too many to count on stage. Please forgive me. Several NGOs that she's worked with. She is a UNDP SDG camp alumni and a UN Women Peace Builders and mediator. And in her spare time, she works. Please make your keynote speech. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, your excellencies, distinguished guests, esteemed youth participants, and members of civil society. My name is Khalid bin Mansour. I'm the African Union's Youth Ambassador for Peace. I stand before you today with a profound sense of responsibility and urgency as we gather here in Geneva for the international dialogue on migration. A pivotal moment to address the interconnected challenges and opportunities of our time. Youth migration and climate change. In this era of global interdependence, we find ourselves at the crossroads of demographic shifts and environmental crisis. It is our privilege and solemn duty to deliberate upon the triple nexus that encapsulates the realities faced by youth. Of today, who will bear the brunt of decisions made or neglected in this pivotal moment of history. Youth, the driven force of innovation, inspiration, and transformation are not only the torch bearers of our future, but also the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. They are the ones who will inherit the consequences of our collective actions or inactions. Their aspirations, hopes, and dreams are closely tied to the health of our planet and the freedom to seek better opportunities beyond their borders. The question here is migration a solution to the climate risks youth are confronted with? In my own perspective, it is. As we gather within the walls of diplomacy, let us remember that it's our responsibility to pave the way for a sustainable, equitable, and just future. Our responsibility and the discussions here must transcend mere reartotic, translating into concrete actions that safeguard the rights, well-being, and future prospects of the world's youth. Youth engagement, empowerment, and inclusion into climate action are not optional, but imperative. Their voices, experiences, and perspectives must be at the forefront of our discourse. We must empower them with the knowledge and resources to adapt to the challenges posed by a change in climate and to foster resilience in the face of migration's complex dynamics. Our shared commitment to these issues necessitates collaboration across borders, generations, and sectors. It demands the channel of collective, resources, and influence to address the root causes of youth migration, mitigate the impacts of climate change, and create pathways for sustainable development. In closing, I implore each one of us to leave this dialogue with a renewed dedication to building a world where the dreams of youth are not thwarted by climate-induced hardships, but nurtured and realized. Let us work together to ensure that the triple nexus of youth migration and climate change becomes a nexus of hope, opportunity, and progress. I look forward to the fruitful discussions and impactful outcomes that will emanate from our time here in Geneva. I'm confident in the insightful interventions we will be hearing and the great outcome that will be delivered after this dialogue. I commend you for your devotion and dedication and your involvement to this cause. And I salute every one of you for thinking about the future, not only for the youth of today, but for the generations of tomorrow. Thank you. As rare and unbelievable as it is, we have some time. So I will fill it, perhaps. My journalistic instinct is kicking in, and if you have just a few moments here, I may ask you and just talk to you a little bit about the contributions that you have made. Can I make myself comfortable? Thank you very much. I feel like Oprah. So the first question, then. I heard everything that you had to say and information. It seems we are talking as much about the opportunities that are before us as the challenges ahead. Did you, Pope, if I may come to you first, what did you take away from the other keynote speeches that you think we should take on into the rest of our day? All right. So there are three angles we need to be working on together, right? The first is we need to come up with solutions for people who've already been displaced. We know that millions of people are already on the move as a result of climate change. I was recently in Northern Kenya, where I had the opportunity to visit the Dab, which many of you know is one of the largest refugee camps in the world. Over the last two years, 100,000 more people have crossed from Somalia into Kenya, largely because of drought, right? So we need solutions for the communities who have already been displaced. We then need to find solutions for people to be able to stay in place, right? That means looking at communities that are most likely to be displaced in the future and proactively engaging and driving interventions that will allow them to be more resilient in the face of climate change. And finally, and this is where I'm very, very excited about the work that the World Bank is doing, we need solutions for people in the future. We can now predict, in many cases, communities that are now agricultural, for example, or are fishers or have other ties to the land, who will no longer be able to make a living in the future. We should now be proactively identifying solutions for those communities, investments in skills training, investments in regular pathways, and ensuring that the people who will no longer have a job in several years' time will be able to find a job and to be matched with that job wherever it exists in the world. Thank you, DG. Mr. Okatski, if I may ask you, you mentioned a few things that I think I find quite surprising coming from you in a brilliant way. I know it doesn't seem it. Maybe I'm just not in this world enough. I don't know. You mentioned the idea of migration and migrants being an opportunity for this sector. One thing that I think came from your contributions is this idea of an infrastructure needing to be developed, both in a soft and in hard form, in order to facilitate turning migration and migrants into people who work in jobs and are able to prosper. Talk to us a little bit about that, because I love the idea. I am not sure yet what would be the right governance of that structure, but it's absolutely needed because the opportunity of migration transcends boundaries of countries and transcends continents, and there is a need for a global leadership here, and I think there is time to think very seriously about it. That was on top of my mind. People migrate it always, except that it started with very small-scale migration that we would now call rural to urban within the country, secondary cities, then primary cities, then international. But we are in a different world as a result of the globalization, and I very much like what Amy just said, the distinction between the stock and flow. Economy always lies with the distinction of stock and flow. There is a stock of migrants. We need to take care of them first, and this is fundamental. It needs to happen now. And then I do know policymakers in many countries who are afraid that if they do it successfully, that will encourage other migrants. But that's exactly what needs to happen, because you need those other migrants to come. So there is nothing wrong with you actually getting it sorted out for existing migrants. This is the critical link here, and I do know how difficult it is to do it. I studied very carefully my own country. I am from Poland. How we accommodated Ukrainian refugees. I was just in Turkey, I said. We discussed so much how they accommodated Syrian refugees. These are different local problems, but the commitment to make the stock work that those people are happy, find productive jobs is there. Solved through different ways given international legislation. My sense is really we do need an approach our international, transnational, global government to migration issues because the role and the need for migration for development is huge cannot be stopped, and it cannot be solved at the level of local governments given political impediments and entanglements. So from that perspective, I just what I said was to offer to you using the example of World Development Report, the World Bank is ready here to help in that process to the extent we can. As I am sure many of our colleagues are here in front of me, and those of you who are watching online, Hollywood, if I may come to you, I want to specifically focus on the role of young people because all too often we just think that you'll solve it. Whatever problem it may be, oh well, the youth will figure it out. You will inherit a world that is perhaps precarious when it comes to the idea of climate change and migration. As a young person, how do you see the two being interconnected, and do you think it's useful that we sort of merge our understanding of what climate change is with the idea of migration and the migration of people? Very good question. I think today there is a new concept that is called the climate induced migration because we understand that people are no longer migrating for the classical roots or for the classical approaches that we tend to hear about, but more there are more consequences and events that are happening that are making young people tend to migrate. That is armed conflict, climate change, and many other factors of course. But I think today here the role of youth should reflect not only, I would say, the perception that we used to see as migration being a negative term, but also to explore the opportunities that might come out of it. And also of course highlight the importance of incorporating them in decision making because we need more young people being out there and being vocal about these issues. Of course I would definitely encourage that we start looking at migration as a positive element and contributing more to the economic empowerment and the development aspects. It's wonderful and noble to think of migration as a positive impact, but many of our colleagues in this room know of its challenges. There needs to be a sense of perhaps realism, not only realism in approach, but sort of big minded and hopeful in our perspective it seems. This is what I'm getting from my panel here. Thank you so much for letting me rattle through your brain and your and your keynote speeches. A round of applause please. Say where you are, Digi. I'm keeping you hostage because you've got the best view of the entire show, so you stay exactly where you are. Now we move on to the next part of the show. We are here to now talk with the highlights from three of the pre-IDM regional dialogues. Now what is this? Well just prior to this event we had folks coming together in different regions around the world in order to talk about what challenges and what possibilities and opportunities lay ahead. So for the first time the IDM promotes seven regional dialogues across the Americas, the North, Central and South Americas, Middle East and North Africa, Southern, East and the Horn of Africa, West and Central Africa, the Asia and Pacific, and the European Economic Area, the EU and NATO, and South, Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. I'd say that's the world but I'm sure that's not politically correct. I'd like first to call to rise the IOM Regional Director for South America Marcello Pisani to provide some highlights on the pre-IDM regional dialogues. Where are you? Oh my goodness, who are you? There should be one for you, yes, ready and waiting. We are welcoming Michelle Klein Solomon who is our Regional Director for Central America and North America. Oh my goodness, I'm sorry, thank you. Marcello and I agreed that I would speak first so we will share this presentation. I'm not stepping on his toes. Mucho gusto a mis colegas y todos los amigos de América Latina es un gran gusto. Greeting to all my colleagues from Latin America. I'm glad to talk to you. Good morning. It is a great pleasure to be here and to share with you what we're doing at the regional level on human mobility and climate change and I can tell you this is a key priority for us. Gracias, Patricia. That's a lot easier. Okay, can you hear me? Yes, I can. Okay, perfect. That's a lot easier. Good morning everybody. Now I can see all of you. It's a great pleasure to be here with all of you and to share a bit what we're doing in the Americas and this is a joint presentation. Marcello will take the floor in just a minute. The Americas of course is a very diverse region. We have four subregions in the Americas. We have Central America. We have South America. We have North America and the Caribbean and what that means is we have very diverse experiences with climate change, its impacts on human mobility. So for example, El Córdor Seco in Central America is very different from the experience of the small island states in the Caribbean. Córdor Seco is having a long-term drought that is affecting productivity and the ability to live safe and productive lives in farming. In the Caribbean, sea level rise, increasing hurricanes, typhoons, all of those kinds of weather events are displaced in large numbers of people and in North America you would have all seen the increase of forest fires that of course no developmental or geographical boundaries. You're going to see a lot of that here. The key message is we're already engaging governments of the region, civil society, youth actors, other stakeholders and they have heard your call Amy DG Pope. They have heard your call. They're ready to take action. They're ready to bring their particular commitments and resources to the table. They're already adapting policies and they are ready to do more. So that's the key message. Can I can I give it the floor to myself? Yes, we'll be real, Marcella Pisani, please stand down. Thank you. Good morning everyone. I am Marcella Pisani. Buenos dias colegas y representante. Good morning to my colleagues and representatives from South America. And the Caribbean have become a region of innovation on climate mobility. Civil society groups are mobilizing to carry out the strategic litigations on climate change and human mobility. Governments are relocating people at risk offering visas for persons affected by disaster and integrating mobility in their national adaptation plans. While regional entities identify and apply best practices for humanitarian admission and protection. Looking forward, we need to continue the work, do more and do it better. Innovate and socially policies need to be implemented and monitored. The human rights of vulnerable communities and people on the move must be placed at the forefront of the conversations. We also have progress to make in bringing youth groups and the private sector to the discussion, how was mentioned. We are grateful for the opportunity to bring regional messages to such an important gathering as the international dialogue on migration. We are also thankful for the large representation of participants from the region who were intervened during these two days. We believe the solutions and challenges that we are witnessing in the Americas and the Caribbean can make great contribution to the global conversation on climate change and human mobility. Thank you very much. And so to the three minute video demonstrating all of this. In 2017, we had the petrified European mario. Me personally, I lost my roofing for the whole, as well as someone in the neighbors as well. In that time, it was a total disaster. We were really scared. People didn't know what to run. Children didn't know what to do. High-level areas to small island states and coastlines, from arid regions to tropical rainforests. Communities in Latin America and the Caribbean are highly affected by the adverse impacts of climate change. In 2023, IOM organized multiple consultations with governments, civil society, private sector, academia, and affected communities to discuss regional priorities on human mobility and climate change. Five key messages emerged from these discussions. First, bringing governmental agencies together with civil society actors is crucial for the governance of climate mobility. Affected communities require multi-layered support to prevent displacement and receive adequate assistance when on the move. Their participation in the design of adequate solutions is fundamental. Human rights, climate justice, and loss of damage are fundamental to action on climate mobility in Latin America and the Caribbean. Climate change is already causing harm for people across the hemisphere. Upholting the rights and addressing loss and damage is crucial for governments and populations alike. Safe and regular mobility pathways can be the critical factor in saving lives and moving people out of harm's way. Climate change will increasingly influence mobility. The availability of dignified pathways will make a key difference for people to move in safe ways. Forward-looking evidence on climate mobility is a priority, but many gaps remain. Involving affected communities to mobilize local knowledge is an important way to understand gaps in protection and improve action. Transparency and participation on climate mobility must include youth and the private sector. Youth participation should be a pillar of renewed engagement and climate mobility. Good practices in private sector engagement can be leveraged across the region. Putting communities at the forefront of our response is key for success on climate mobility. Addressing the impacts of the climate emergency on human mobility is not an option. It is an obligation and it's an obligation now. Thank you. Michelle Klein-Solomon and Marcella Pisani there, thank you very much. Forgive me. Now moving on, I want to hear from the regional director for Asia and the Pacific, Sarah Liu-Ariola, to provide some highlights on their pre-IDM regional dialogue. Where are you? Oh right, they're next to each other. Someone's thought this through. Good morning, everyone. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, distinguished delegates. Let me talk about the Asia and the Pacific. The Asia and the Pacific is home to more than 2 billion youth that's 54% of the youth in the whole world and they are under 30. And also over the past 60 years, temperatures in Asia and the Pacific have risen faster than the global mean. According to World Risk Index, 7 out of the 10 countries that are in the top 10 of the world at risk are in Asia and the Pacific. It's worth noting that last September 29, we had the opportunity to invite over 100 young people in Miriam College in the Institute of Environmental Studies for the Asia-Pacific Youth Summit and Climate Change and Human Webility. This is the first time in Asia and the Pacific in the region. It was an opportunity for them to amplify their voices regarding their needs, concerns, and recommendations related to the intersections of climate change, environment, and migration. The Youth Summit was hosted by IOM in partnership with Miriam College, the Migration Youth and Children Platform, and the NGO Upholding Life and Nature. It was very refreshing to see the youth and to have their voice. As the impacts of climate change intensify, more and more people will be on the move in the future and in some cases repeatedly. Migration can amplify challenges faced by the youth, such as family separation and dangerous link to migration through irregular channels. However, such human mobility can also offer new opportunities for adapting to the impacts of climate change through skills development and work and educational opportunities. Despite the challenges, young people are the most powerful agents of change that we need in this world to promote climate action and greener economies. They are also capable of raising awareness about disaster reduction and climate change adaptation and of building resilience to adverse climate change impacts in their communities. Youth represent an immense source of energy, inspiration for the future. So, ladies and gentlemen, we show to you the highlights of the summit. Thank you. From towering mountain ranges of the Himalayas to island communities in the Pacific, the Asia-Pacific region is grappling with the stark reality of climate change and its impacts on human mobility. In 2022, the region accounted for 70 percent of all disaster-related displacements worldwide. But for the young people in Asia in the Pacific, climate change isn't just a statistic or a topic of conversation. It's an urgent call for action. On the heels of the Regional Ministerial Roundtable on Migration, Environment and Climate Change, sponsored by the Government of the Philippines and IOM, on the sidelines of the 78th UN General Assembly, we also hosted the Asia-Pacific Youth Summit on Climate Change and Human Mobility with various partners including the Migration Youth and Children Platform and Miriam College. The Youth Summit brought together over 100 young people across Asia-Pacific to discuss their specific needs, concerns and recommendations regarding human mobility and climate action. The summit also showcased the achievements and good practices of young people across the region which will provide crucial inputs to COP28 and other upcoming events, particularly the United Nations Summit of the Future in 2024 and the regional reviews of the global compact for migration. As young people around the world continue to demand climate action, the IOM Regional Office for Asia in the Pacific is supporting youth-led initiatives and innovative solutions. In the face of adversity, our youth's perspective, creativity and determination are the keys to accelerating climate mitigation and adaptation efforts. Can I just pick you up on one thing? Your video and most of what you've said is specifically focused on the impact that it is, how impactful it is to have young people participate. It's also challenging. It's difficult to listen to young people. They have a lot to say. How do you manage that? How do you manage sort of in some senses bending or breaking those older, more traditional forms of doing things in order to achieve new innovative ways of achieving what you want? I think it's most enriching because they are the ones to tell us that for the first time people are listening to them. They are not for the youth and by the youth and actually they design the whole process and it's also they're saying that they are not considered as experts but their experiences should be also considered as expertise. It's the first time that I heard people who said that they were afraid to drown in their own bedrooms. So we have to listen because the policies and some of them said that the only way they can move things forward is they want to engage in politics and make the policies for their own countries. Wow, I don't think I've ever heard young people saying that they want to engage in politics quite so much but I'm delighted to hear it. Now I'm eager to hear an update from the regional director for West and Central Africa. Christopher Gaskin, please could you stand up and before we get to your video what I'd like you to discuss perhaps rather than what we're about to see is what you think the rest of us in this room need to know from your experiences of listening in this instance. Well thank you. Christopher Gaskin, regional director for Central West Africa. Thank you very much for welcoming all the participants from our region. I'd like to say that what we have in Africa is the fastest growing continent, the fastest growing youth population in the world and how do you listen to these people is not so simple but we do have to create opportunities for them to listen to have fora and and have their their inputs but right now their input is moving one way or the other and a lot of people are seeking our assistance in finding regular pathways but a lot of others are not and we are we're facing a great number of people in distress having to save people in the desert having to save people at sea and if we don't actually start listening to them very closely we're going to have much more of that. Please continue with your remarks and then to your video. Well thank you. Climate change in in the western central Africa region is varied and affects different subregions in different ways the Sahel for one the coastal countries and other ways for erosion or aridity and just creating a massive move towards urban areas so the fact that people are leaving their communities already one problem the fact that they are now amassing in the urban areas is another problem so we have to we have to address this and as a as a first event and in preparation for today the regional office in western central Africa held a regional dialogue on migration on last Tuesday ahead of this international dialogue on migration the online event gathered civil society organization governments and donors representatives youth and the media from across the region and registered more than 100 participants on the occasion of this preliminary event representatives from the private sector climate finance youth and pastoralist communities discussed next steps following the expansion of the Kampala ministerial declaration on migration environment and climate change this they also highlighted the importance of adopting an inclusive and whole of society approach in addressing climate induced mobility this exchange offered an opportunity to explore climate finance accessibility in the region and gather insights on best practices involving the private sector communities related to green energy trongements and diaspora inclusion if we want to act today access to climate finance has to be facilitated and both private sector and diaspora from the region have a pivotal role to play including on the development of nature-based solutions and green jobs for youth thank you so now let's see the video from the region we can no longer dissociate human mobility from climate change especially in western central africa the internal displacement and monitoring center reports that by the end of 2022 this region accounted for over one million persons displaced by events such as storms floods and landslides by 2050 this region is expected to be the most impacted by rapid urbanization with the world bank forecasting that over 32 million people will be compelled to move within their own countries unless climate action is taken and inclusive development implemented these figures could further rise as they do not take into account rapid onset disasters according to the intergovernmental panel on climate change it's time to act congratulations are owed to governments of the region for their formulation and signing of the continental campala declaration on migration environment and climate change this is the first government led comprehensive and action oriented framework that addresses climate induced mobility issues solutions do exist and are being implemented at the community level nature-based responses such as agroecology agroforestry renewable energies are being tested on the ground and need to be scaled up counting on climate financing which has to come strong partnerships are vital iom collaborates with the un working group on climate change environment security and development for west africa also with the regional network for migration and recently hosted a regional dialogue to harness the creativity and dynamic responses of partners we must rise to the challenge and act now for tomorrow thank you i just wanted to if i may ask our two colleagues there to possibly have a bit more of a comment marcello and michelle if i could just ask you in summation from all of the contribution i have seen from from the different regions we're hearing the beginnings of a collaboration forming the regional dialogues are incredibly important but you seem to be coming across the same sort of hurdles there is a collective struggle here that needs to be addressed as well as the deeply individualistic regional ones so that's a long-winded way of saying what are you doing with each other are you talking are you collaborating and in what sense whichever of you wants to answer please do maybe i'll start and i'm sure marcello will follow so we are collaborating certainly for the americas and i forgot to mention gracias al gobierno de colombia we will have a regional dialogue a hemispheric dialogue the seventh and eighth of november on climate change mobility i'm happy to stand up if that's better so seventh and eighth of november gracias al gobierno de colombia we are going to celebrate a global forum on migration and climate change and there we will take into account the different ideas and perspectives from the government from all around the world and we will prepare contributions before the cop 28 this will be a paramount importance and of course we partner with members from other regions this is also extremely important always with the aim to share lessons learned and see how we can all together work you know that to broaden the scope of our partnerships for example let me give you an example i just learned something from sarah and of course we're going to share her experience to our region and we are going to mobilize more and more partners this would be in a nutshell my perspective on the topic in english please we don't we're not quick enough to grab the headphones well within the region we are in this moment constructing a regional vision within the south american conference on migration so in in in these mechanisms we hold we have a network on on climate change environment and migration so this is an opportunity to create a strategy on climate change for the region i mean we have done things in the region but we need a more comprehensive approach we also have a project to strengthen in the capacity of our countries to create data we need also a strategy on data so we we have to move from a reactive way to a more comprehensive approach to the needs to confront the challenges of climate change thank you so much thank you to both of them around for applause for our first group of pre-idm regional directors i'm going to swiftly move over here and bring the questions back to to you three if i may just with with the time that we have so digipope first to you you're hearing from your regional directors saying that they need more sort of they're listening but now they need to turn that into action so what have you you've been in the job six days i'm not expecting a comprehensive plan i really am not but in what ways are you motivated and how are you challenging your team to be able to do the impossible take the small into the large listen to the individual and act for the many so first of all i'm really excited that our regional directors are here with us today this is a new approach that we are trying out because i have heard from so many of you here in geneva that you don't necessarily know the scope of our work in your current countries so having the bridge between what we're saying and doing here in geneva and what is happening out in the rest of the world is the first step but the second step is how can we use the fora that we have in geneva to drive the global consensus you've heard about the compala declaration which has now been signed on to by over 30 countries within africa we've heard about the pacific mobility framework which will be signed on to we hope in a month's time we've heard about work that's happening in latin america and the caribbean but we haven't yet heard the global consensus so that's where all of our ambassadors who are in the room our colleagues who are representing member states that's your opportunity to build out the global consensus that climate change is impacting communities is displacing communities and that solutions are needed to address it perfect collude if i may come to you lot of chat about young people i love it i'm energized by it it's something that i'm deeply committed to personally but is there is there a way other than just being heard i suppose i think one of one of the regional directors mentioned i'm going to say it again young people wanting to get into politics about climate change is there a way for for that particular group for the youth across the world to be able to bring a politics of change that focuses not only on the climate crisis and migration as separate problems and opportunities around the world but also as a way of merging them to deal with them together what is the youth vibe i think absolutely there is a way to create the change that youth wants today and we have seen live examples from the videos and allow me to congratulate you for the work that you have been doing it's really amazing and it gives me also hope that there are such channels for young people to speak up and to reflect the context in which they are living and the challenges they are confronted with now for the ways how youth can actually speak up or perhaps transfer their concerns i think it shouldn't only stop about being them being in politics the change is there they are creating the spaces that they want however i think it shouldn't just stop about listening to them or having them speak you know we can give youth a seat at the table but that doesn't mean that we give them the opportunity i think that today what we need to see is concrete action realistic and concrete actions being taken and having the real opportunities created for them maybe more inclusion into the policy making spheres so that it incorporates this diversified vision including that of youth and marginalized groups michael if i may come to you there's a lot of food for thought a lot of opportunity at the world bank you data was mentioned a few times and this is what i wanted to sort of get your opinion on your views on data is power and it certainly can be the driving force for change but the right type of data in the right hands as we all know the wrong type of data in the wrong hands can cause untold problems can add to perhaps negative ways of dealing with this problem or a perspective that isn't accurate but is falsely supported by data so with that in mind what do you at the world bank think about this idea of data when it comes to merging the concepts of migration and climate crisis it's absolutely fundamental we are lucky in the world bank to host an international brain trust named nomad and many of governments and many of you contribute to that and we are proud of heading in our view accurate and sometimes extremely insightful the data about developments in the field of migration and remittances earlier today i shared with you the fact that the amount of remittances last year worldwide were bigger than foreign direct investment and overseas development assistance together we wouldn't have known that without having nomad and you wouldn't have had nomad without many international partners coming together with us in the world bank ourselves only would not be capable of creating that brain trust and be able to have an access to the data that are quite illuminating and in fact quite fundamental when you think how people live that's the first thing i wanted to say second what i wanted to say is that you know i worked a lot in the area of social protection and a lot of that is g2p government to people transfers but p2p people to people transfers remittances are bigger than that so fundamentally important for my interruption let me make sure i understand you are you saying that when for example i'm from afghanistan i was born in cobalt afghanistan in 1988 i fled the war in my country uh a gender-based war in my country as as a youth i had no choice in the country i came to the united kingdom the united kingdom now benefits massively from my contributions not by my civic duties that i enact but by my devotion to to where i'm from to the united kingdom and and my contributions socially so i guess my question to you is how do we what what data point do i represent i mean how do i get measured refugees and migrants often are brought into this situation and talked about hand in hand um and you and you you chose not you chose to dismiss or perhaps look past the distinction of an economic migrant and a refugee earlier i just want to build on that how can data be useful to us if we choose to have these silos that are ineffective but the biggest challenge in your example is what do we know about the money you send back to your the place you came from exactly because it's very hard without getting to central bank statistics is very hard to actually be accurate about this data that's why i was talking about nomad as being a brain trust that helps us to build evidence that otherwise would not exist if you allow me to say two more points because i heard regional directors from iom speaking i thought it was terrific two points i wanted to make is most of migration worldwide happens south to south in our traditional way of thinking about development not south to north but the politics of the migration dialogue is often driven by south to north because of concerns of countries in europe us and elsewhere about migration seeing it more as a challenge than opportunity and the second thing which i thought was it's so i'm so impressed that you know that you have to get the regional directors in the iom it is so important also however to have a very keen eye on migration that transcends regional development there is so much we are now setting up a small migration center in rome and we see how much migration into europe comes from all over the world that cannot be limited regionally a lot of migration to spain will be coming from latin america so having this global outlook and realizing that most of migration remains still south to south i think it's very important discovery for our clear thinking about the opportunities of migration in the future thank you michael and i'm noticing digipope nodding vigorously in a groove and so we should take that into consideration as well so exactly where you are uh because there's a lot to ponder and lots to take in of what we've heard so far and a lot to reflect on why not do it with another musical interlude i'd like to welcome back the talents of julia sartor sing another song to get us thinking so My songs are about memories, Africa to Europe, and it is of course a journey, a life journey, and before leaving you, I would like you to think this is a challenge and this is like a wall of class. You ready? This afternoon, there will be some music as well with Fred Saul, but let's go. It's kind of a rehearsal for this afternoon. Dara, you can repeat after me. You can all do it. You just have to follow me. That's all you have to sing, so you can do it. I can't hear everyone here. Come on. We can do it. A little louder, please. Thank you very much. Thank you. See you later. Thank you, Julia Sarr, for that beautiful voice and also for helping us exercise our beautiful voices. You may have noticed I chose not to sing. That is my prerogative. I can do so. Now, I believe that we have an intervention from the floor. Where are they? I can't see them. I believe... Sorry. Bear with me one moment. First, I must ask my lovely panel to please leave the podium as I continue the show. Sorry, I got carried away with Julia. What have you done to me? I'm mesmerised. Thank you so much. A round of applause for our first panel. Thank you so much. Please take your seats. Thank you. Thank you. We didn't rehearse that bit. Could you tell? So, I do believe that there is an intervention from the floor. Could they please stand up and make their points in less than two minutes? Where are they? Do we have comments? Philippines, you're next. Stand by. Hold the line, caller. Hungry. Where are you? The Minister for Foreign Affairs for Hungary. Are you making remarks? Second shot. Going twice. Gone. Moving swiftly on to the Philippines. Please, could you stand up and make your intervention? If you'd like to stay seated, please do, sir. Yes. Thank you for that. Actually, the Philippines is delivering the statement on behalf of the 33 champion countries of the Global Compact for Immigration. So, well, to our distinguished panelists, including Director General Amy Pope, Excellencies and colleagues. The champion countries congratulate Ms. Pope on her assumption as the Director General of the IOM and assure her of our support in steering forward the IOM and the international community's shared vision of implementing the Global Compact for Safe Orderly and Regular Migration. We also express our gratitude to the ABLE leadership of the former Director General, Mr. Antonio Vittorino. So, we support this theme, the sessions theme, of continuing to explore the nexus between human mobility and climate change. This is especially relevant as the international community has acknowledged the adverse effects of climate change, environmental degradation and natural disasters as among the drivers of migration. We reiterate the guidelines outlined in the GCM, particularly on objectives 2, 5 and 23, on addressing the interactions between human mobility and climate change. We highlight the need for urgent actions to adapt to and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, as well as to address loss and damage which may compel people to leave their countries of origin. So, this includes investing in programs that accelerate the state's fulfillment of the SDG goals, strengthening joint analysis and information sharing, developing adaptation and resilience strategies, integrating displacement considerations, harmonizing and developing approaches and mechanisms at sub-regional and regional levels, and developing coherent approaches to address the challenges of migration movements in the context of sudden onset and slow onset natural disasters. So, we urge the international community to cooperate in identifying, developing and strengthening comprehensive solutions from migrants compelled to leave their countries of origin to these slow onset natural disasters and due to the adverse effects of climate change and environmental degradation. We underscore the importance of increasing international and regional cooperation to accelerate the implementation of the 2030 agenda for the SDGs. Will you believe this is the decisive moment to shape our understanding and approach on the interface of climate, environment and mobility? So, we have the opportunity for this constructive dialogue and cooperation to realize the vision of the GCM on climate change and mobility. We recognize this, how this nexus interlinks with other conventions and we need to focus with equal vigor on implementing the SDGs, the UNFCCC, the Paris Agreement and the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction. So, next month we're going to meet again for the 2030 conference of the parties of the UNFCCC or COP28 in the UAE to pave the way for the future for climate agenda, including for migrants regardless of their migration status and for people to move. So, we emphasize the need to build on the breakthrough achieved in the previous COP27 where for the first time the direct link between climate change and displacement was highlighted in the decision-sharm-and-shake implementation plan and we continue to acknowledge that efforts to mitigate and adapt to the adverse effects of climate change have been insufficient, including in climate finance and in adequately addressing loss and damage. So, we call it international, we need to have the political will to continue to address these gaps. So, this IDM session to complete reminds us to think about tomorrow and act today. So, how we address climate change today could contribute to and shape the extent of movement and displacement including forced displacement of people in the future. The GCM champion countries in their regional diversity under the leadership of co-chairs are committed to continuing their leading role and lending their voices in ensuring that in the face of climate change we will do our utmost to protect their rights, welfare and security of migrants and people in the move. So, we call on other member states to join us in the shared commitment. Pardon that it was a long intervention but I speak for 33 countries. This is the London two minutes, this is what I'm hearing. Thank you. Thank you so much. I love you. Mr. Eduardo Jose de Vega, the Under Secretary for the Migrant Workers Affairs Department of the Foreign Affairs from the Republic of the Philippines, I thank you for your intervention there. I wonder now if our colleagues from Hungary are yet present, if not I shall move on and we can have it later on. Alas. So, I'd like now to perhaps draw your attention to the first of our panels moderated by my colleague. We can no longer talk about climate change without talking about human mobility so we have said repeatedly so far this morning. It's now indisputed that the adverse effect of climate change are increasingly forcing people to move from their homes. Our final first panel will be moderated by His Excellency President Carlos Alvarado. They are the special envoy of the Global Center for Climate Mobility and the 48th President of the Republic of Costa Rica. Now, former President Carlos is a professor, a politician, an author, an expert in communication, so he'll do a better job than I will. He's a public policy and public-private partnership works in that area and he has five years of experience in political communications and parliamentary advisory. He has taught communication at the School of Social Science at the University of Costa Rica and the Latina University of Costa Rica. He also served as an advisor to the Citizen Action Parties Group at the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica from 2006 to 2010. So I now invite His Excellency, along with the members of his panel, so his panellists, to facilitate a dialogue on the main challenges, lessons learned and the opportunities to scale up action on climate change and human mobility. They have 90 minutes to do so. Please take the stage. Thank you, moderator, and thank you all for being here. The members of the panel are getting quipped and geared for this panel. So just to give a little introduction before they join me here. As moderator said, my name is Carlos Alvarado, former President of Costa Rica, current professor at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and part of the board of the UN Global Center for Climate Mobility. I want to harness as well the words of Director Amy Pope that this is a dialogue. And as that, we should benefit from it in the exchange that we're going to have as we just have with her and with the other panellists and with the artist Julia because we all learn from that now that we can sing along jointly. So in the benefit of time, I will also be introducing the panellists and hopefully they'll be joining me while I'm introducing them. And I'll go with the order that I believe they're being geared. So we'll be having a discussion with Ida C. Hasler-Hacop. She is the major of the community of Santiago, Chile. She's a Chilean politician and economist who currently serves as the major of the community of Santiago since 2021. Through her leadership, the city of Santiago has shown strong commitment to strengthening its migration government's structures. Prior to her appointment as mayor, Ms. Ida C. was appointed president of the Gender Commission as president of the Education Commission in the Santiago City Council. Prior to that, she was head of the movement Avansemos also in Chile. May we welcome her with a round of applause. Mayor, please. Welcome. Thank you very much. Hola. Hi, please, meeting you. My pleasure. We also the order which they have been equipped. We give the warm welcome to Mr. Eric White, who is the head of climate adaptation of the World Economic Forum. Please, round of applause for him. Mr. White is the head of climate adaptation at the World Economic Forum. Prior to this position, he served as head of the forum IT industry vertical facilitation peer communities for executives of the world largest technology firms helping them to tackle common challenges. And has an expertise in this world of high level stakeholder liaison and relation to addressing world's most pressing issues. Welcome, Eric. Thank you. Nice to be here. Thank you for having me. Oh, there is my friend Bob. So while he's also equipped, we're delighted to have Bob Natifu. Bob Natifu is the deputy climate change commissioner of the government of Uganda and focal point for the African Kampala Ministerial Declaration on Migration, Environment and Climate Change. He's instrumental in shaping Uganda's national climate policies such as the 2015 national climate change policy, the national determined contributions, the national communications and the bi-animal update reports. Welcome, Bob, to the panel. Great having you. And finally, we have Mr. Rajan Kishore Panda. He's part of the steering group member, climate migration and displacement platform and convener of water initiatives. We will him also a warm welcome, please. That's more than three decades of experience on climate change, disaster migration, displacement, water sanitation, river basining management, agriculture, livelihoods, food and nutrition security working several fields also with grass roots. He's a freelance researcher, writer, policy analyst and consultant. And as you can see now, we have a very diverse panel, both in backgrounds, in regions and in their expertise. So the aim of this dialogue is actually to set some guidelines to what's coming in the next week's months in the intersection of the discussion of climate change and human mobility. So the purpose of this dialogue is not only to talk and share experience, but to influence action. And that's what we want to do at this moment and then also by opening the floor to you. So we're going to handle it in this way. We're going to do it through three sections before opening to question and other remarks. First section, I'll be asking our panelists to share with us from their experiences what have been the concrete, if you have to mention the most concrete challenges that you currently suffer, which are those? To identify challenges from your perspective, but through to draw communalities between them. Second part, we're going to go through them again, but seeking which solutions have worked. What do you have identified as learnings of things that work and also valuable things that doesn't learn, but we learn from that? First part, challenges. Second part, solutions. And I also encourage to feed your own interventions with what you have learned and he listened from other panelists, active learning as well. And the third part, what we'll be looking at is if we were to encourage action, now what will that be for you? What is required in terms of action? Looking into what IOMM is doing, but also looking into other forums like the Next Cop, what needs to be true to accelerate both the diplomacy and the actions that we need in terms to address both climate change and human mobility. Do you agree? I think you don't have more chance than to agree. So let's start and I will start as we started by introducing Madam Mayor. Please share with us. If you were to say what's the main challenge you have faced at the head of your city and your community, what would that be in terms of climate change and human mobility? Welcome. Thank you very much. Good morning. Good morning to the panelists also. My pleasure and greetings to all participants in this IDM. In terms of mobility, migration, and also how to confront the climate crisis. I would like to explain where I come from. I come from Santiago, Chile's capital. I'm the major of the city and I'm working in transformation hand in hand with rights in an intercultural city that has changed a lot in the last 20 years. Our city, according to the last available data, has 43% of population is migrant. And on top of that, there's an increase in population in the last 20 years. We doubled our population. And of course, we have migrant communities from several countries as we were mentioning in the opening remarks. In this case, we see migration south from Venezuela, Colombia, Haiti, Bolivia, and Peru. And this is a challenge for us in terms of the vulnerability of those people that get to our city. And that's why, answering to your question, in terms of challenges, we see the need, first of all, to approach this population from a right-based perspective and to create possibilities for them. It's almost 44% of migrants. These are official data, but however, you probably know that part of migrants do it via non-legal pathways. And these people are not in the official data. This is our first challenge. Also, in terms of what UN says, we need an order, safe and regulate migration. And this is a challenge for our country. Specifically speaking about population that gets to our country, there's an important number, which are minors, children, boys and girls, that get to public schools in our city. And this is also a challenge in terms of cohesion and multiculturality, and also for the development they need in order to settle in our society. Boys and girls have less problems or less prejudice than adults, but discrimination because of the lack of access to different social rights is present in our city. And that's why an important thing is to give them the opportunity to go to public school and also to medical services. Because when we have a problem of a lack of rights, xenophobia and discrimination starts. And this is something we have to work together. Our city is a live city. Migration is there. And we don't have climate change as one of our main challenges. Our main challenges are economy, employment, and also family reunification. However, in our country, we have migration coming from climate disasters. And that's why we see this need to work together in cooperation from UN system, but also among cities and countries putting in the center the possibility of human rights. Today it's a challenge for us, for our city. We have a very active city, but we need of course to work public education, public health system in order to give rights to everybody to have social inclusion as we have in this migration scenario. Thank you very much. The scale of the challenge with 40% of that population, the difference of origin, but this also mixed with local population that's migrating in this case due to climate change. So that can also be one of those challenges you're facing. And I also want to stress what you mentioned of the necessity of orderly, secure, and registered migrations while doing so and facing challenges such as xenophobia, which I believe is one of the big topics that we are facing. I'll go then to Eric. Eric, from the worst Weff's perspective, and it appears that we're moving from the major reality in Chile, local reality of a country and a city receiving migration to the Weff. Where is the intersection between those realities and challenges in communities that could be either Chile, but there'll be also, as we saw in communities of the West Horn in Africa or in the Pacific Islands or elsewhere, how you relate that to the work and the challenges you see in your work in the World Economic Forum. Sure, thanks for the question, and thank you for having me here. I think before I start, I want to just sort of take a moment to talk a bit about my organization that a lot of people have heard of, but maybe you're wondering why I'm here. So the World Economic Forum, if people know it, they know it as an organization of private sector companies, and that's only partially true. We do have more than 800 private sector partners from 20 industries in every region around the world, but this is in service of a broader goal. The Forum is the international institution for public-private collaboration. Our reason for being in the world is to take a what we call multi-stakeholder approach to what we feel are really complex systemic problems. And by multi-stakeholder, we mean business, government, civil society, academia, international organizations, youth, and other stakeholders of that category. And we're here because we're starting to look at climate migration as one of these hard global systemic problems that requires a multi-stakeholder approach to address. So we're coming at this from the 10,000 meter level at the moment, as opposed to the ground level like the mayor is talking about. So from that perspective, let me offer some thoughts, sort of some things as we see them and where we are on our journey with this issue. And I will say it's a journey. And one of my roles at the Forum as head of climate adaptation is to think about our strategy in this space. So I do want to flag that I'm here to learn as much as I am to share our experience and perspective. So question sort of answer one. I actually haven't heard this this morning, but I think it needs to be said that migration is first and foremost a result of climate change and what we need to be doing to tackle climate change is reducing greenhouse gas emissions massively. So we cannot forget that mitigation first and foremost is the need, it needs to be said, we can't forget it. So beyond that, I would say three things, challenges that we see. One is adaptation. I think many of you will have read the UNEP adaptation gap report and seen the sort of eye-catching statistic that financing is five to 10x less than what's required. That's something that we're looking at and we think needs to have a lot more importance over the next few years. Second thing is a bit what the mayor talked about, labor market integration and receiving countries, in particular receiving countries with high rates of unemployment already. And then sort of the final one I want to mention is the, I would say the securitization of the problem. And what I mean by that is, you know, a state's reaction to climate migration can be driven by a national security apparatus that's trained to see threats as actors. And in the case of climate migration, the threat is clearly climate change or nature degradation or ecosystem destruction. But because those are actor less, a symptom of the challenge, which is the migration, becomes seen as the threat itself because the national security apparatus likes to deal with actors. So I think having the security establishment and by the security establishment, I don't mean NATO country security establishment. I mean in every country around the world, start to reconceive of how they deal with threats emerging from the natural environment. That's a challenge, maybe getting into the opportunities piece. And I will say that sort of conclude by tying back to my first piece, which is this may not be something you expect to hear from the World Economic Forum. But this is something that we're looking at and one of my roles is to work with an expert council inside of the forum on how we understand the evolving relationship between nature degradation and understandings of security. So I'll stop there for the moment. Thank you. Thank you, Eric. And I welcome your remarks when you say also being here to learn, which I believe it's great to open that perspective. But I think also, as you said, to contribute and collaborate in that. And you have done that with your remarks, bringing the topic in terms of how the security narratives have an effect on the narratives of migration, which I believe is one of the topics. It's present. And also in the terms of adaptation and how we need to link the discussions on adaptation with human mobility. And it was mentioned before in the previous discussion. So I'll turn now to Bob Natifu. And Bob, tell us a little bit about also your work. It's connection with the Kampala Declaration, but also what you are doing in climate change in your country in Uganda and your work. Tell us a little bit of what you're doing and what challenges are you facing and what intersections you see with what Madam Mayor has expressed before and also what Eric had mentioned from the World Economic Forum. Bob, please. Thanks very much, Your Excellency. And I'll start by making two general points outside the specific answers that I'm going to give to your question. First is, I was inspired by the remarks of all the speakers that have come before me, but particularly the keynote speakers, where the Director General Amy Pope talked about the IDM platform providing us an opportunity to hear from people you rarely hear from. And I'm proud to be one of those. The second point is, I arrived in Geneva last night around past midnight. I was in Berlin. And why was I in Berlin? I was in Berlin talking about almost the same topic, explaining the Kampala Ministerial Declaration and what we're doing at regional and continental level. But also our aspirations in terms of taking this forward with the support of IOM. So this also links to what, again, the previous keynote speakers have talked about. What does that tell us? It actually tells us that there's a lot of incredible amount of effort and interest going into this discussion of climate change, environment, and migration, and by extension, human mobility. So the key point here is that we can't continue thinking about tomorrow without necessarily having the urge to act. For me, that's a central thesis into which all these discussions are happening. And I think it gives some kind of steer into the direction that we are going into. So straight to the response of your question, what you are doing in terms of the challenges we are first with promoting this regional approach and collaboration. I'll speak to three important aspects, where we're coming from from July 2022 and coming up with this Kampala Declaration and then expanding it further to continental level where you've had 32 nations have signed up today. Three points, one. There's an issue around policy coherence in terms of how do these policies play out right from the subnational level that the mayor is talking about, to regional and then you take it to global. The second point is about additionality, the value addition that the policies or any frameworks that you're trying to come up with, how they contribute generally to, for example, the global targets that have been set in the climate and convention or the Paris Agreement or anything that we discussed about sustainable development in general. And the third one is bound around issues to do with compatibility. Then how again all these three play about in terms of what kind of development agenda you want to put forward. But to achieve these three challenges, we have to talk about multi-stakeholder approaches and the multi-stakeholder approaches or collaboration from where I come from is about rethinking the traditional views and creating the real territorial governance through the partnerships between governments like it's been demonstrated at the African continent, working with a regional or maybe subnational level but also bringing it to the UN agencies, IOM, UNEP and everybody else to even including civil society and private sector. It's about finding the right partnerships. We often hear about the whole of government approach or the whole of society approach. And this means bringing together different ministries, different authorities with a focus on climate change, with a focus on environment, with a focus on disaster management, urban governance, policing and that's combined with the kind of effort that is going in country to deal with the IDPs, to deal with the refugees and so on and so forth. So to me, this approach that we are taking about for the Kampala Ministerial Declaration is a kind of multi-sector approach which is actually based on collaboration and partnership and strengthening and ensuring that each one plays a part for advance the priorities that have been enlisted by the different member states. And in a sense, this expanded declaration actually recognizes this very big challenge in terms of addressing those three key points I've talked about, policy, coherence, additionality and compatibility. And again, it emphasizes the importance of cooperation to comprehensively tackle the challenges and opportunities that exist between the climate change and migration, which has for a very long time been talked about but not really thought about so much fully because we have these kind of frameworks that are going to guide the action that the country is really much like to advance this action and promote individual livelihood and well-being in our own spaces and beyond. Thank you, Bob. Thank you, Bob. Thank you, Rajan. Please, Madam moderator. Thank you so much. Seriously, panelists and present colleagues, please allow me just a moment of your time to interrupt with an intervention from our colleagues in Hungary. If you are there, please turn on your mic and make your two-minute contribution. Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you so much, Mr. President. It's great seeing you again. Thank you for the last time in Costa Rica. I'm really glad to be here. I really do appreciate the Director General for giving me this chance to address you. Actually, she told me six minutes about the Director General. If you don't mind, the reason why I asked for the floor from her and why she allowed me to speak here today during this panel is that I'm coming from a country which has now been under a very severe pressure of migration. Since we are at the border of the most active migratory route currently to Europe, which is leading through the western volcanoes, and we have been faced with one of the biggest pressures ever of migration. Last year, we have stopped 275,000 illegal migrants at our border. This year, we are at 155,000. But Mr. President and dear colleagues, what I'd like to tell you is that we are now faced with a totally new dimension of challenge which is a huge and unprecedented aggression as the migrants and the smugglers are being equipped with weapons. And they are not only shooting at each other, the smugglers are not only fighting with each other, but they started to use automatic weapons and they are shooting at the Hungarian border guards which put us in a totally new situation. And Mr. President, I do believe that we should make it clear finally that such kind of a phenomenon and behavior is unacceptable and that must not be tolerated. A violation of border must be considered as a crime and an attack against sovereignty of a country and that should be appropriately handled. And the all who are bearing responsibility of governing a country, we are all responsible for the security of our homelands and of our citizens. And that's what we do have to guarantee. Therefore, Mr. President and Madam Moderator, we do count on the international organization of migration to provide a rational kind of dialogue. Unlike the dialogue in Brussels, their migration is being inspired, the business model of the smugglers are being supported and the EU is basically operating as a magnet for migration. So instead of inspiration, we do have to tackle finally the root causes which have been mentioned by the panelists as well. So economic challenges, wars and armed conflicts, the struggle and challenges regarding the food supply and water supply and climate change as well. Where there is a war, Mr. President, there we have to make peace. Where there is an economic crisis, we have to carry out development problems. Where there are challenges regarding food and water supply, we do have to ensure the deliveries and access. And when it comes to climate change, this is very high on the agenda of Director General Pope. There we will be absolutely supportive. We do have to trample on the global cooperation in order to fight climate change. And in this regard, Hungary takes its fair share or even beyond that, given the fact that we do not consider environmental protection as a political issue, but as an issue to preserve our planet for our successors. Therefore, we are proud to be among those 20 countries where GDP is being increased, paralleled to decreasing emissions, and with our nuclear and solar investments, we will be able to produce our electricity 90% carbon neutral by 2030. And last but not least, we Hungarians are ready and absolutely at the disposal of the international community to support the developing countries in their efforts and struggle. In order to provide you a technological development with which economies in the developing countries can be modernized, in the way that emissions can be lowered, and then an important root cause of migration can be tackled. IOM can definitely count on Hungary, which is an emergency situation because of a tremendous pressure on the economy, which is an emergency situation because of a tremendous pressure of migration. So I'd like to ask all of you to cooperate on tackling the root causes and preventing further migratory flaws to be started because that would put such a danger and such a challenge in Europe and in the world that would be very, very complicated to tackle. Thank you so much. Mr. Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary, thank you very much for your comments and contributions. I just want to make one point. Dialogue. The clue is in the title. Dialogue, dialogue, dialogue. We must listen to all sides. Favor no opinion, but listen to common sense and what the data presents. President Carlos, over to you and back to your panel. Thank you. Thank you to the Minister for his remarks. Going on then to the dialogue. We were to listen from you the challenges that you face in the ground. In different and various fields you work from grassroots organizations to water to disaster. What are those challenges that you have faced? Thank you first of all for having me. It has been a long and hectic journey. I just arrived 15 minutes before the panel. Welcome. Please build my fatigue. When it comes to challenges, I would definitely like to say that the regions where we work like the Bay of Bengal, either in India or Bangladesh, like we work in India, but many of our partners in the CMDB network, they work in other regions as well. One thing that we should try to understand in a way before coming to the questions is that economy is not a flat thing. As a society. So I think the very foundational understanding of economy is very different for different people. And in many parts of the behave for example. And the challenges that's why different kinds of people are faced by different kind of challenges happen. Is that the local economies are not gross domestic product linked economies. They are rather mostly the gross nature product linked economies. And that is where the intersection happens between climate change and environmental degradation. And many of the migration and even displacement actually they are basically forced by situations of environmental degradation or I would say common property resources, degradation including the right to the resources by the people. And that's the reason a lot of migration they keep on happening. Migration is not new. For a country like India for example or many places. And that's also where the next challenge comes. Is there is a tendency of normalizing the pattern of migration. Because it's not new, it has been happening. People migrate, it is aspirational. Intergenerational changes in perception is happening. Insofar a job is concerned. So there is always a section of people who is moving. But then the challenge is there is a new section of people or many new sections of people. Because as I said society is also not a flat thing. It's not a linear domain to be explained. It's like a very complex, it's very diverse. It's a very diverse kind of a milieu. That is the reason. So that is the reason the challenge I think from the grassroots to the policy level is we consider or many times policymakers consider that the solutions that we are offering to people have to be the same. So it's somewhere we decide that particular kind of economic model is going to work and that is how the people will respond to a particular stimulus in a particular way. I think that is exactly where the problem lies at a foundational level. Many people like for example many indigenous communities. Their cultural roots, their very basic identity are linked to the local natural resources, the commons. And degradation of that is impacting them in many ways. And it is also not very true in many senses that people actually want to move as an adaptation. Many times people don't want to move and that's the reason you see a lot of protest that happen in many of the development projects like when there is a dam being constructed or there is new mining coming off or there is even a new kind of cities being built expanded. Many local people they protest. They don't want to go away from their place. So calling that every migration is actually a positive adaptation. Adaptation strategies is not true in many senses because people are rooted to certain areas. Their skills are rooted to certain areas. Their cultural ethos and values are rooted to certain areas. So when migration happens, like the new migration or the new form of displacement, by climate change and disasters, so people are also at a very crucial crossroad. Many people they don't want to move but they are forced to move because the land doesn't have the kind of resources to sustain them anymore. So they have to move and at the same time the governments are in a fix because there is no place to shift them. There are many local governments facing this challenge that were to shift them because the conventional migration would inside a country for example like India would not be accommodating all the people who want to migrate. And even if they migrate, where are they going to stay? Where are they going to be accommodated? They are going to create another kind of a world in the cities like in Dinkies in informal settlements, in new kind of challenges. So many migrations are internal, many displacement are actually internal and that is what we have been facing and many of them are actually involuntary. So these are some of the challenges that you face at a foundational level. I think the second kind of challenge is the policy making is not as adaptive to the climate change scenarios. For example, we have policies to rehabilitate people who are displaced by a dam project or a mining project or a road project but we don't know how to compensate people who are actually migrating due to climate change or due to sea level rise or because their lands are being engulfed by the sea. So who is the culprit if that is not defined? I think governments are in a fix to take policy decisions and nobody is going to take the responsibility. The policy principles are actually not working at the moment. So I think this is where I would say there are a lot of challenges that are linked from the micro to the macro level and that is where we need to bring in a lot of synergy and working together. I think these are some of the issues. One final aspect because we work with nature as well, we feel that a lot of talent because at the moment the whole world is looking for solutions in nature. So you just go from this migration dialogue to the NBS dialogue for example, nature-based solutions or ecosystem-based solutions. Everybody around the world is thinking that nature is going to sustain us against the kind of climate vagaries that we are facing. But most of these people who are migrating or being forced to migrate or forced to displaced are actually also people who have a rich repository of knowledge of nature conservation. So something that we are haunted each day is many of these people who are actually coming from these natural resources, traditional knowledge systems, when they are migrating out to cities and staying in some dinkies, some informal settlements over a period of time, that knowledge of conservation is also getting lost. So we are also losing a kind of... That's also another intergenerational shift that is happening and that is not a good indicator of sustainable development. So I would at the moment would say this much. Thank you. We're going to move them to solutions. And I encourage you to share those pieces of knowledge from your experience of what you see that works and also what doesn't in the fields you have been involved. So I'll start with you, Bob. What do you believe are those solutions? You've seen that they've been implemented, that work, that you can share with the people in this forum that might be a good example to learn from. Okay, so thanks very much, Excellency. I think again I'll lend my thoughts so much on what we're doing with the Campola Ministerial Declaration in terms of what has worked, but then I'll also go into the exact specifics of what countries I've spoken about through my own experience of what has really made us form ideas around this ministerial declaration. The first three general points about, first in terms of the declaration, is that signing up to this by all the 32 member states I think is a bold step already and it's something that we think is going to work. The second point is we all know for sure that human mobility is an adaptation option for many. You've heard from Panda here talking about people moving, although he says they may not mind so much where they're going but I know for sure they'll never mind where they're going because I know wherever they go they'll find shelter and that's where we end up with the slum areas. But you see they're running away from places which have become completely unproductive for them and wherever else they choose to go it will definitely become their next place of abort. So in terms of the specific actions that are working, I'll try to give two broad examples. Countries are making countless effort and trying to rethink about solutions both at national, sub-national, and regional level. For example, in the Eastern Horn of Africa we see there's a recognition that sustainable use of degraded land to minimize forced rural urban movements is central in addressing human mobility because from where we come from it will purely agriculture best. If it trains, it trains hardest to the poor and if it doesn't train still, it trains, again the impact of that is extreme and by extension that land will become unproductive for quite a while and the population will see no sense in staying into that kind of land to continue meeting their individual livelihood and well-being. So you can see that recognition that once this has failed I'll need to move. So countries have recognized that. The second point is that community best asset creation programs for people moving into cities due to climate impacts. You can clearly see the voices coming through while framing this declaration that look wireless to recognize human mobility happens, migration happens, but I think there has to be a bit of effort to ensure that these people continue having a decent life and maybe one of the ways in which countries are looking at offering in part a bit of a decent life is community best asset creation programs that will help me to achieve good health, education and so on and so forth. The final one if you look at for example an example from Somalia that we've had in the discussions leading up to this KDMEG from Somalia across the Sahel the example of micro-insurance schemes for drought affected pastoralists. So this in my view I think is some of the key ideas coming through from the community and I think some of them are being implemented except at small scale and I think now the discussion needs to be how then do we increase this at scale and that discussion can happen in any forum whether here or at Cope or anything but I think there is already having this Campola Ministry declaration as a framework that actually in a very smart way recognizes all these through the commitments that have been enlisted but also forward looking in terms of what it is that we need to do but also calling for action is something that we really consciously optimistic that it's going to help address and continue to help us thinking about tomorrow and act today. Thank you. Thank you Bob and that for the how to implement this at scale I think that's it's going to let's put that on the parking lot because that's a valuable thought in terms of in terms of the next part of the conversation which is the action we need but let's turn then to let's go back to Chile in this case with Senor Alcaldesa on the solutions which are the solutions you have found in your exercise las soluciones en el caso del ejemplo de la alcaldía en Chile. In the case of Chile thank you very much you have the clue man. That's what I would like to thank the speakers. I believe we all have a lot to learn one from another we need to share our own experiences and more importantly we need to understand that globally we need to focus on local perspectives that can be replicated globally both in order to tackle migration and climate change related challenges. I would like to share a few best practices that we have promoted in Santiago de Chile our capital city and I would like to raise a few points here first information is key of course it might sound obvious but it's clear that in order to promote transformative public policies sound information evidence based information is key. Secondly we need to build alliances as my colleague also mentioned alliances are key with the UN system, with academia and alliances with local communities what in Santiago we called co-management so of course the municipality the city council plays an important role so does the state but the participation of grassroots organisations from neighbourhoods, the 26th neighbourhood of Santiago matters and alliances shall also promote cooperation this will be key of course in order to tackle complex challenges we will have to discuss about complex realities about how to find resources and we also need to promote financial independence and decent work this will mark the difference when it comes to tackling the relationships with migrant communities and their participation and engagement in Chile in this sense I would like to share with you a few examples first in terms of information I would like to thank the IOM because we are the first community in our country that has been able to set up migration government indicators at the local level and this has been very important in our context in order to share information about our community, the public policies in favour of migrants and also all the challenges ahead being the first piece of work that we have promoted in our country well today it's been made available for all municipalities and we hope that this lighthouse at the capital city is will be seen all around the communities in our country in Chile now let me focus on alliances we have built a very strong with the UN system which has included the ILO the UNHCR and other UN agencies they have been of great support in order to respond to key challenges in the area of migration in this sense I would like to underline the importance of replicating best practices globally and the MPTF the multi-partner trust fund has been of great support we have implemented it in Mexico City and in Santiago de Chile we have done it similar to cities in Parle and it's been very enriching as a process partnering with Mexico and Chile in partnership with the UN system has been very interesting we have placed at the centre the promotion of decent work and in the framework of this MPTF we have been able to develop a safe pathway for migrants with a clear orientation towards social integration as well as different initiatives one of the most well known initiatives has been the one called Santiago Cooks which ends up giving legal status to migrants in order for them to be able to find a decent job so we want to support entrepreneur initiatives which sometimes unfortunately happen in the informal environment and which also have an impact in the public space so we want to promote the process towards legalising migrant workers in order for them to find a decent job and in this case is an example focused on cooking which has been also key in terms of partnering with the UN system of course we need to speak about training and empowerment because this has been also key I would also like to mention the importance of promoting human rights for all not only in the area of financial independence which the ILO has been talked about by the way because this means that we are sharing global challenges our country unfortunately has a great number of informal workers and as a result of this many of our citizens migrate and in the sense promoting financial independence will be key but not only for those who are in search of a job but also their families that's why in my previous intervention I raised the importance of grabbing access to high quality health services and education because this will be key in order to ensure human rights for all basic human rights for all of course this might sound simple but for example when you promote language teaching many of the migrants that arrive to Chile stick Spanish but some migrants from Haiti don't stick Spanish so they are very much let's say less behind and they have these entails more difficult comes to having access service of education system and this is a challenge that we are responding to by offering free Spanish classes not to speak about the importance of promoting and embracing multiculturality our basic schools the schools of our community have played a key role in promoting multinational and multicultural society and this has been a win-win situation because the schools declare to have improved as a result of celebrating international days and traditions from other parts of the world it's also very important to reinforce public education to boost the public education system which unfortunately has been undermined in the last year in our country the arrival of migrant workers and migrant children have contributed to boosting our educational system but not this I would like to underline a lesson which can be also considered a challenge and this has to do with our legal framework this of course is I mean it does not depend on municipalities because we have no competencies when it comes to poor control but of course all the steps in the legal framework are directly reflected in our city of course the main migration route is in the north in Chile but of course migrants come all the way down to Chile and many of the migrants when there is no legal framework you know to promote the unregulated migration pathways we have a direct impact in the capital city I'm sure it's not only the case of Chile but also all around the world thank you very much I take from your intervention the importance of data and I think that's shared across the different regions alliances also very key element there's none one actor that can change mobility on its own alliances are key you mentioned how critical is the part of decent work for the communities that are migrating and the intersection with topics like health, education and how it's regulated as you mentioned Eric from the perspective of various stakeholders in the global agenda where do you see the possibilities for those solutions from your experience in your work from WEF sure, thanks for the question so start a bit practically we at the World Economic Forum have convened something that we call the Refugee Employment Alliance which is co-chaired by UNHCR and by the Inca Group which is the holding company that operates IKEA stores they've put out a number of principles on integrating refugees into local employment contexts and are working to develop cases and put these out around the world there's some very good examples one of them is skills first approaches to employment rather than language first approaches so there's a great example here in IKEA where they don't have a language intensive interview process they have sort of a five day trial period and a language buddy system I may be preaching to the choir on some of this but we see that working there's a principle on investing in job matching so there's a program by ADECO which is an employment company in Switzerland that has actually jobs for Ukraine portal that was set up in the aftermath of the invasion last year and then we talk about creating partnerships that combine both social and employment support and we have a number of examples there so that's sort of a bit more practical and sort of maybe more on the topic but I want to spend more time talking about adaptation in general which is sort of partially because it's my role but partially because I think it's the big sort of system level challenge that we face and I mentioned in my earlier intervention that we like to think of things as how do we come at it from a multi-stakeholder perspective and adaptation in my view has not been addressed in a multi-stakeholder way to date and in this particular case I think the missing constituency is business there's a I think a little bit old by now statistic that is from WRI that says that less than 1% of funding for adaptation comes from the private sector and it may be a little bit dated but that sort of validates my own experience of talking with business about how they do this and this comes from a really deep-seated misunderstanding within the business community of what the international community means when they say adaptation it's not a word they understand it comes from a misunderstanding of their own exposure and vulnerability to climate risk most businesses spend I think 10 times as much effort talking about risks from the transition to a green economy so regulatory risks that sort of thing then they do about actual physical impacts on their supply chains and operations and etc from climate impacts there's some exceptions what I like to call the real climate exposed sectors like agriculture like Nestle's on top of this for example but beyond that it's limited and one of the ways that businesses perceive adaptation is large infrastructure investments that are have been traditionally difficult for governments to open up to private sector participation but it doesn't have to be that way and I think that sort of a real clear example I can think of is sort of drought resistant seed varieties that's a long-standing international development intervention that folks have been funding for ages and ages it's clearly an adaptation solution and an adaptation solution that's most frequently provided by the public sector there are lots of other such solutions out there that don't exist yet because the private sector hasn't started investing in the kinds of innovation tools, good services the individuals and more so actually businesses in climate impacted especially global south countries will need so I think the real opportunity here is to think about how do we position companies in climate vulnerable global south countries to lead on development of a new adaptation economy create these goods and services generate revenue create employment in places that are going to be impacted by climate change so as to A avoid out migration in the first place and B develop absorptive capacity for migrants that flow in and I just want to sort of close by sharing a story that I heard two weeks ago in New York on this which is about rainwater harvesting rainwater harvesting many of you will be familiar with first developed in India deployed extensively in Africa supported by a lot of development finance never thought of as a solution for the global north you know Scandinavian donors CEDA, NORAD etc put tons of money into it and now there are companies that have developed commercializable rainwater harvesting technologies many of them Israeli so not global south but illustrates the principle and are selling them to Swedish farmers so technology developed with CEDA money for use in the global south being deployed by non global north countries into global north markets because climate change represents a fundamental shift in the economy of the world I like to link in it I like to make the analogy to digital transformation it's sort of an exogenous impact that's going to shift value pools and countries that are at the forefront of that impact if they support innovation in the right way can be leaders in this adaptation economy and that will change the whole dynamic of this conversation so how can we support that um yeah maybe I'll leave it there thank you Eric and I believe those showcase many valuable examples of solutions that are good for this for this dialogue so I'll ask the panelists going to do first Rajan but then to the others to think what is that call to action that you will pose as the most critical if you were to say that topic that is critical in the for action what it would it be so I'll start with you Rajan and I'll also then go to the other panelists also requesting to be brief on those remarks because madam moderator is giving me the look already on the time so please Rajan can you please call to action yeah thank you I think before the born intercessional the CMDP and FES we together we organized some regional consultations to understand the dynamics and challenges of migration displacement in context of climate change and also want to find out solutions and something that we found is even between our network members we have different good positive examples like Bangladesh has already implemented or at least brought in a policy for rehabilitation of internally displaced people Fiji has got a positive policy but then countries like India are still to make this kind of policy decisions so I think the first thing that I would say is that there are some initiatives already happening is that pulling together all these policy measures that are already in place and finding out how a synergy can happen how cross country learning can happen so that there is climate justice and as she was saying from the beginning very importantly how to promote this people first and nature first policies that really ensure climate justice for the people who are the most vulnerable due to climate change the second thing I would say as I was trying to say from the beginning the current capacity of data generation is very limited because there are some initiatives at the global level of generating data on migration and displacement but then at the local level we find that there is a lot of gap and catching the diversity and the multi-layer challenges of migrant people is still a far away phenomenon so I think there we can work together and there we could actually promote that's a call to action a lot of data generation but the third thing what we are facing in India especially in the state of Bodhisattva where we are trying to work with the government to actually develop a policy for climate displaced migrant people is that the attribution studies are still very naive at a very primary level so understanding the real challenges because governments don't operate at the national and provincial levels they don't operate without a set of indicators that are verifiable that are actually without data that can actually bring in policy decisions because they cannot take decisions they cannot allocate budgets like budget for example climate finance is a challenge that I think will be discussed in other forum but then unless the data is generated unless the real threat is actually accessible at the micro scale it's very difficult for governments to take policy decisions so I think that is another thing we should work out and the fourth I always say there cannot be a right to life for human beings without a right of life of nature of rivers and most of these migrations that I see and the way we have been studying are actually interlinked with the degradation of nature whether due to climate change or local factors so I think that is another action that we should take thank you so much thank you Eric White your call to action that's the one minute by the look of the moderator I'll be really brief I'm here because I think we can scale some of the solutions that we're talking about my pet project over the next year is going to be how can we scale business investment in innovation goods and services that will help people adapt so if there are any business leaders in the audience I'd love to talk to you afterwards but some of these solutions are going to need to be de-risked so it's not purely a business effort this is a multi-stakeholder approach so if you're from a bilateral donor type kind of organization that supports these sorts of things please also talk to me let's do this together I think this could be transformative so we'll leave it there thank you Eric Mayor Hasler your remarks on action thank you very much I think call to action is urgent at several levels but number one when talking about climate migration as Eric was saying we need to reduce emissions we need to confront climate crisis and this means international national and local challenges in our city we are trying to bring to that challenge with the new waste management that's important for us and we are also working in public parks which are green lines for our cities and our countries and they are also at risk and second is promoting decent employment here we are talking about creating resilient communities we need also to work on the employment and the capabilities and capacities of people putting decent employment at the center and let's keep working together that's the key thank you Mayor Hasler both Natifu thanks very much thanks very much excellency my call to action will be three points the first one is we've had lots of momentum and lots of energy that's going around within the different spaces for example the expanded Kampala Ministry declaration and all the actions like you've heard from all the IOM representatives in the room and showcasing exemplary leadership in the spaces of advancing climate change and human mobility that clearly points to the fact that we have an opportunity to advance all those actions that are being taken everywhere collectively to a global stage the COP28 has actually pronounced himself on four priorities for the COP in Dubai the first one is talking about accelerate the clean energy transition and by extension emission reductions and keeping temperature rise below to a degree centigrade the second one is reform land land use and transform food systems and the third one is speaking about increasing and reforming climate finance and the fourth is bound around putting nature, people living their lives and livelihoods so therein lies a very great opportunity to advance within those four priorities that Dubai has advanced as the framing of COP28 to take this discussion forward and there's a precedent set already as most of the people in the room might know the discussion on human mobility displacement has been in the co-processors for quite a while since 210 when we had adaptation frameworks and later eight years later in Katowice in Poland where we had recommendations about migration as part of the COP decisions and then somehow it went a bit silent so I think with all this momentum building up and where we've reached out there's a very great opportunity. The second point is the timing again based on what is happening within here there's nothing as good as timing advantage of the actions across the different continents and combine this with whatever is going to happen at COP and then maybe try to find out how we can have a cover decision to those that are private to the negotiations we know what cover decision is about the political decisions that leaders pronounce themselves about in terms of the issues that are affecting the different sectors across the globe and I think from the demonstrations in the room the nexus between migration environment and climate change and by extension human mobility is one of those that we can take advantage of at this COP 28. Finally to talk about in the climate space we talk about taking climate action forward to save tomorrow's climate today but I'll also add in order to save tomorrow's climate today we also have to include thinking about tomorrow we also have to include thinking about how we can act today for human mobility and migration but we can't do that without finance so three things finance, finance and finance and I think that would be a very good call to action to wind up this discussion thank you very much. Thank you Bob I'm on the same page with you finance, finance and finance just to share thoughts on this regard we need to think about what we need to do and what we need to do is not going to decrease it's only going to increase and we need to plan for it globally so that's one key point we need also to invest in the people and with the people and plan with the people increase their agency to determine their own adaptation journeys and that's part of adaptation and that's a shift in the traditional paradigm of adaptation and climate change mobility it's part of adaptation because there are going to be places we won't be able to adapt think about civilized rebel think about places where extreme drought or extreme heat won't make life possible so please give a hand to all our panelists and back to you moderator 4 person at Alvarado I appreciate you, let me just say I do this for a living, it's how I earn money getting on the stages talking in front of important people like you moderator you did a phenomenal job with the challenges that you will face so I'd like to have a round of applause for our moderator as well I'll pass you my CV good we'll see what we can do at this juncture I would like to keep everyone on the stage because your expertise are no less needed for this next segment so please I encourage you to stay where you are and we may come to you we are now turning to the members here for any intervention that they might have so just a couple of housekeeping rules again if you are to speak if I call your name on this very important pre-approved list please hold up your little tags, signs and wave so that one of my many assistants can run over either with a mic if yours isn't working or just we acknowledge who you are so with that I will say this you can either make a comment or ask a question if you ask a question you have this brain trust in front of me to be able to call upon does that sound good, nod if you're awake nodding there's three, four or five people are awake so first off I'd like to go to two minutes each so first off I'd like to go to Pupman Kramer who's the head of Libya delegation at the parliamentary assembly of the Mediterranean you should be here somewhere, where are you Pam, where are you there they are, please, draw your attention over there two minutes Excellencies, dear colleagues thank you to all the panel for their very thoughtful and sort of provoking remarks due to the global climate crisis resulting from war and conflicts including the Russian aggression against Ukraine millions of people are already forced to leave their homeland moving within and across borders to find safety and dignity the Euro Mediterranean region is home to more than 500 million people it is our home and as a result of global warming it is burning and drowning before our eyes the climate crisis clearly impacts the Euro Mediterranean region with rising temperatures it is warming 20% faster than the global average increasing desertification rising sea levels and hampering the sustainability of water supplies the whole of the MENA region is affected and floods contribute to making displacement chronic and protected the past dramatic summer has only further highlighted the severity of the climate crisis as extreme heatwaves droughts, wildfire, storms and floods have become the new normal a few weeks ago Storm Daniel has caused terrible loss in parliamentary assembly of the Mediterranean countries such as Greece, Turkey and Libya parliamentary assembly of the Mediterranean countries are countries both of transit and destination with their particular sets of issues to manage at the beginning of the year over 2,700 lives have been lost in the Mediterranean as individuals thought a better future in Europe each loss of life is a tragedy Dear colleagues, looking ahead North Africa has projected to have the largest proportion of climate migrants relative to its total population up to 19 million people by 2050 surviving climate breakdown will require a huge human response the world needs a planned and deliberate approach to address migration we as parliamentary assembly of the Mediterranean fully support the implementation of the 23 objectives outlined in the global compact especially objective number 8 saving lives we have been advocating for the recognition of environmental refugee as a legal concept in international law and we will continue our efforts to make progress on this front furthermore urgent climate and development action is needed focusing on concrete prevention, adaptation and mitigation measures our efforts must centre around restoring degraded natural assets and promoting alternatives to displacement parliamentary assembly of the Mediterranean will be present at COP 28 as it has been in the past COPs to step up international efforts to build our governments accountable I thank you for your attention thank you so much I'd like to move on now just to try to get as many of you to speak as possible before I go to the People's Republic of China I'd like to first go, where's Ecuador Ecuador is there Yes, Ecuador Alejandro Davalos, please make your 1 minute 30 comment I'll try it Thank you to the OIM for this dialogue and I agree with the panelist that migration patterns are influenced directly or indirectly by natural disasters natural degradation and climate change it's important that state-strengthened cooperation coordinated with international organization with development financial institutions local governments civil society and private sector in order to prevent and to prepare to the impact of climate change and natural disasters with the consequences in displacement displacement and mobility in Ecuador we have a law that contemplates the possibility for those people in vulnerability that need the existence of exceptional reasons at humanitarian level their natural disaster victim and they can have a national visa for the country we are also working via the inclusion of a chapter called human mobility and climate change in the national plan of adaptation to climate change and we also have a national agenda for equality in human mobility about the consequences of climate change in several sections and also the ecology transition we invite you all to work to cope these challenges with the implementation of the global compact for immigration also the SDGs and Sendai framework for the international cooperation the national immigration people's republic of China thank you ladies and gentlemen this is the first time that the Chinese delegation turn this meeting in person and here I want to share with you the following perspectives from the Chinese side first to strengthen international cooperation on migration to address climate change China appreciates the IOM's institutional strategy on migration environment and climate change 2021 to 2030 we are actively participating in global climate governance promoting the building of a fair and equitable global climate governance system featuring wind wind cooperation and are taking concrete actions to meet corresponding international obligations by accelerating low carbon emissions and the green transition pushing for carbon peak and carbon neutrality objectives we would like to share development experiences and best practice with all parties present here second to reduce the negative impact of the climate change on migration through development the Chinese government advocates a new vision of innovative coordinated green open environment we believe that immigration authorities in all countries should play an active role in promoting an orderly and efficient global flow of talents, technologies and resources needed for green development recently the national immigration administration of China have launched an online appointment inquiry function for visa and issued a new version for aiming to improve the convenience of foreigners working and living in China and we are committed to give full play to the important role of migration in sustainable development and final but not least to increase support for developing countries on climate adaptation China firmly upholds the goals principles and the framework of the UN framework convention on climate change and the Paris agreement adheres to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities the international community should pay greater attention to the climate change challenges faced by developing countries and help them to enhance adaptive capacity China urges developed countries to face up to their own capacities responsibilities and obligations in dealing with climate change and the world but also the future of the world and you Thank you so much I'm trying to squeeze every single minute out of the next three I have but then I will be coming to you moderator to see if there is anything you can give us in summation to wrap up this part of this because I know we've got a very hungry audience so next up Thank you very much. I hope you can hear me. I'm Maria Kadensi from UN Women. So, Mr. President and Excellency, as climate crisis intensifies around the world, more people are migrating in search of safety, livelihoods and employment opportunities. And yet, access to safe and regular migration channels remains largely out of reach, furthering the risk of human rights violations. Increases in gender-based violence against women and girls in the aftermath of disasters and climate-induced emergencies are well documented, especially among those who are population groups that are displaced across and within borders. Without access to climate-responsive, safe and regular migration, the risk of exploitation and abuse grows enormously. Against this background, we would like to suggest two concrete actions for ensuring a gender-responsive approach to tackling the compounding issues of climate change and migration. Number one, investing the collection, analysis and dissemination of sex-disaggregated data and gender statistics on climate change and migration to support evidence-based policies and programs. Data can help governments and international actors design new or strengthen existing migration pathways that increase options for gender-responsive, safe and regular migration. Number two, climate action must provide dedicated financial resources to ensure the full, meaningful and equal participation of women migrating and, of course, other population groups that are migrating because of climate change. With you, Awards, I would like to thank you for your attention. Thanks a lot. Thank you very much. I appreciate you. The policy specialist for the UN Women. I want to go now to St. Kitts and Nevis to the Permanent Secretary, Minister of Sustainable Development. There you are. Please have your, say, Cherylita Dora Tyson. Sorry that the names don't match the thing on my charts. I'm not saying them correctly. Please, Cherylita, have your say. Your Excellencies. I am pleased to have the opportunity to participate in the session of the International Dialogue on Migration. This session's theme is both topical and timely as it highlights the need for decisive and all inclusive policies, plans and programs that will address the looming humanitarian crisis that climate change could bring to our doorsteps. Undoubtedly, we are very aware of the mass migration of people from Africa to Europe and from South and Central America to the United States. Freeing conflict, terror and persecution. However, climate change has caused and will continue to cause if we also do not address definitively the most, this root cause, significant environmental issues that lead to severe economic hardship and impetus for people to seek a better life elsewhere. St. Kitts and Nevis is considered as the smallest nation in the Western Hemisphere and one of many small island developing states in the Caribbean region. We live in a region in which the threat of natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods and droughts, is existential. And some of these threats have become more frequent and intense and their destruction more severe on the impact of climate change which could lead to migration issues. Climate change is real. The impact of climate change in our region is evident. Some of our small island economies in the region are potentially one disaster away from devastating disruption, severe economic hardship and a serious humanitarian crisis. Tropical storm, Philippe, has just passed through the region and I am sitting here wondering about my home, my family, my country and my region because of the extremely heavy flooding that we experienced yesterday. Building human and infrastructure capacity and building resilience into the development plans are critical to the sustainable growth and development of our country and our region. In St. Kitts and Nevis, we are now transforming our economy into a small island developing state. Considering this, we have thought about the future by taking action today. Yet in fact, it is incumbent on all of us to think about a voting and if not alleviating tomorrow's catastrophe by purposeful and positive actions today. Through these discussions, I hope, therefore, we can develop a sense of collectivism and consensus that could drive the implementation and initiatives for the good of all. My presence here today, therefore, is to participate in this international discussion with the objective of contributing to the dialogue and migration with special consideration of the peculiarities and vulnerabilities of small island developing states. Promoting migration policy changes that are equitable and fair and considering standards and best practices in dealing with these migration issues may please you. Indeed, thank you so much. I appreciate your contribution. I am going to go to one more person. I fear because you had so much time taking away from you from the press of colours that it is only fair that we give some of that time back. So I'm just going to keep you on stage for a little while longer. I hope you don't mind at all. Perfect. So we've just got one more before I hand over back to you. The permanent representative of Ukraine in Geneva, where are you? There you are. Please, two minutes. Thank you very much. I would like to first thank the distinguished panelists for their insightful contribution to the discussion which highlighted various factors linking climate change and human mobility. What I propose to look at things from a bit different perspective, connecting the dots between climate change, human mobility and wars. Unfortunately, this interconnectivity has been often overlooked and omitted in various deliberations and fora. Thus we see a need to fill this gap and deepen our understanding of the adverse effects of war on climate, environment and movement of population. Quite illustrative of this pattern is Russia's armed aggression against my country, the impact of which has been felt well beyond Ukraine's borders. Not only has the war triggered one of the largest displacement crises in modern history, it has also been disastrous in terms of its environmental and climate damage. I will share with you some figures. Almost a third of Ukrainian forests have been damaged. Ukraine lost about 90% of its winds and more than 40% of its solar electricity generation. About one third of Ukraine territories remain dangerous because of Russian mines and explosive remnants of war. Russia's detonation of Kachovka hydroelectric power plants led to the biggest ecological disaster in Europe, forcing tens of thousands of people to move. Emissions attributable to the war has triggered an increase of 120 million tons of greenhouse gases. This includes emissions from forest fires, military activity, displacement-related emissions, damaged infrastructure. The figure is more than half size of Ukraine's entire emissions in pre-war 2021. Thus the armed aggression is deepening the climate crisis at a time when global greenhouse gas emissions are already running a record high. Given the profound effects of the war on environment, climate change and human mobility, we believe that this issue deserves consideration at the upcoming COP28, and we also think that thought should be given to include in the war emission in UN emission accounting. I will stop here to give other speakers. You're very generous. Thank you. Thank you so much. So just before we break for lunch, I want to give you an opportunity, moderator, to perhaps sum up what you've learned or perhaps draw on what your panel has said to break us for lunch. Thank you. And I want to thank the panelists and thank you all for your attention. If I may share just that opinion of what I've learned, two things. One is that there is not such a thing as a small action. And we can see it in the panel. It's all across multi-level, multi-region from the multilateral forums from business and governments to working on making livelihoods possible with a well in one community, either in Africa or in Southeast Asia to making better the livelihoods of people in cities. Every aspect of it matters. There is no one that is more important than other. And my second thought is that then there should be something that holds us together. I do believe that perhaps the worst boundary that it exists, it exists in our minds when we create a boundary between us and them. When we create that boundary between us and them, our behavior is different than if we have an approach of togetherness, of working together. And if there's one thing with climate change, is that it affects us all as a global community. If we breach that divide in our minds first of that us and them, we consider ourselves as one diverse, beautiful in that condition. But as one, as we act, might change. And I think that concept of origin influence all of our action from there. And with those final remarks, it is at this point that I would like to call for a break so that you can rest, reconnect with colleagues and friends and have maybe a cheeky bite to eat if there's something out there. Our proceedings will start again at three. Now if you find yourself wanting more, you haven't had enough, there's plenty more for you to do. You could stay in this room. And although it is a lunch break, you will get some food for thought, as well as some sandwiches, which will be nice for everybody. We have got for those of you participating in the side event on informing the future, understanding human mobility in the context of disaster, climate change and environmental degradation, organized by the platform on disaster displacement. Please make sure that you stay in the room. There's going to be some nourishment given to you. Aside from that, I shall see you again at three o'clock sharp. Thank you.