 The results of this study suggest that the level of parental knowledge about oral health and high salivary pH levels are protective factors against dental caries in preschool children from Wara, Peru. Additionally, no association was found between body mass index and the presence of caries in five-year-old preschoolers. This article was authored by Cesar Felix Kairohas, Karina Del Roscio Santiago Nespidin, Miriam Kelly Nietzscheva-Iyadaris and others.