 Bioactive glasses have been traditionally used to fill bone defects but have recently emerged as a research field for bone tissue engineering applications. This review discusses current knowledge on porous scaffolds made from melt-derived bioactive silicate glass compositions and their relevant structures, including fabrication methods and microstructural mechanical properties in relation to human bone. Ion release effects of bioactive glasses concerning osteogenic and angiogenic responses are also addressed, along with areas for future research. This article was authored by Aldo Arbaccaccini and Lutz Christian Gerhardt.