 We will continue the session for base management and previous session was by Veena and we have completed so far these are the different things which we have completed so far and in the next session we will be looking in from the Alakrera context. So, she has Veenam has done it from an Indian or Indian now written in general perspective and now we are coming into the context of Alakrera where you are all now. So, in the session we will be covering what is happening in Alakrera Municipality with the Municipal Solidarity Management then situational analysis of Solidarity Management in Alakrera Municipality. That is the work which we did to our project canal regulation project and then we will go to how we plan it and then to the problem. Just giving a brief about Alakrera I think Sir had shared Sir had given a general introduction of what Alakrera is and the canal management work here etcetera. This is a so this is more specific to Solidarity Management. So, population density in Kerala in general increases towards the coast and Alakrera is a district which is predominantly in the coast. And in general there is high density of population in Kerala and Alakrera district is the densiest district. Very limited vacant land is available in Kerala that is another issue. Then coastal area with high water table and surrounded by water well. So, I think Sir had covered that as well that this side is the Wempernaud Lake system and this side is the sea. So, these are I think say thin land between various water wells and there are canals which are flowing through the city as well town as well. And canals for dumping waste it is a tragedy of commons I think Sir had covered that as well. And one more important thing here is rather an alarming thing is that Bengi and Nettrospinuses outbreaks are very frequent here. So, I think Neeram had covered in her one of her slides that solid paste has linkages with 22 different diseases. These two have directly linkages with solid paste production, solid and liquid based. I will start from here which Neeram had covered. So, as she had mentioned I mean you can see that landfills are the least preferred and it goes up to a source reduction and use. So, we will see how Alakrera's history has been with solid paste production. So, Alakrera I mean Alipi Munsepati also was following the same solid paste management practice of dumping the waste in the dumping ground. So, that is quite near to who are from SUVF who are seeing in SUVF yeah that is quite close to your place in fact. So, that is a place where the dumping ground was in 2012. And that is part of Mara Alikulam Punjayat and it started functioning from the 1950s. And due to public health issues and as well as environmental issues people started protesting in from 2012. Around 5000 protestors localites they formed human chains and began to store the garbage trucks that are flying from Alapura carrying the waste. And their slogan was waste should not be dumped in our bucket. So, because of that I mean the thing is that so Alapura municipality had to come up with some other way out of this. And I think some of you are from Trivandrum right. And there and also during the discussions Vila Pilchara also came into discussion. So, there what happened was I mean the there was a kind of a sympathy in the locals and the government right. But here things were a bit different. So, the protest started and you can see I mean if you go to Google Earth and see your this place this is SESUF by the way. And how it has transformed from 2013 February to 2015. And this was the time when they started to store the garbage trucks. So, now coming to what paved way to further authorities to kind of change their mindset and go to a decentralized solar phase management. So, Alapura and Marathi Kulam were governed by the left democratic government. So, both local bodies were governed by the same government. And because of that they were under the pressure that it should be resolved amicably. So, there comes the importance of politics in this. Then they tried I mean. So, after this this issue came up. So, they tried there itself they tried for windrow composting at first. And then the Alapura collection through Kudumbashi units, but it was unsegregated waste. So, these things also they tried, but it kind of failed. So, there you can see gender technology and society working. Then Kerala Munjibaldi Act was also made much more stringent in 2014. And everywhere in Kerala there was this right to create solid and I mean segregate solid and liquid waste. And that was made mandatory. So, that also helped. So, there was no other way that, but to go into segregation and try for another alternative which again they were kind of looking into, looking into. And then they tried to collaborate with various agencies. Anod was one, NIRTC was one. So, they tried to collaborate and come up with a solution. Then that is how it came up. The campaign come up project of Narmalabhavanam Narmalabhavanam which is which translates to clean house, clean city project came up in around that time 2013. And the why it was a campaign is because it was for creating public awareness. And in the first phase they gave pipe combos portable and fix it by gas units to be installed in households for treating organic waste and so on. And the philosophy that was followed for this project was that as Neelam had mentioned my waste is my responsibility. So, that you can even if you go around the city you can see those campaign timelines in many of the process. So, for that what they did was I mean so, these were the three technological options which they had come up with at first. And you can see that see for centralized it is one technology fits all. That technology is nothing but tumbling the waste into the to a land. But here because it is decentralized kind of a planning we need different technological choices based on the requirement from ground. So, here if you see you can see who for whom it is taken. So, these two fixed biogas plants and portable biogas plants are for households with land availability. And for smaller households it was pipe combos. And you can also see the cost of each of these. So, this is how socioplamics plays an important role when it comes to decentralized planning as well. And also you can see for households having financial and space constraints they were urged to deposit their waste in biogas plants of nature. So, these considerations were taken up when they were kind of coming up with the solutions. So, after that this again I mean they adopted this it started and it continued for around one year. And within few months what happened was although because of this campaign mode more people started to lose it. Many of them faced many issues and few of the issues faced are these. There was not enough waste available for the biogas unit. There was a need for fresh powder and regular maintenance and need for repairs were there. And for those the municipality as well as the people involved came up with solutions. So, this also played a played an important role to sustain this project. And that is why I have mentioned here city and the citizens learn from from this initiation and planning by itself is an innovative process. It is not like I mean one is a success model assets there will be issues and it keeps to themselves. So, what Alapura did was or is doing this. So, this is from CSE there is one book called not in my background. It is based on their analysis of solid waste management practices across 77 cities in India. And they rated the solid waste management model of Alapura as one of the top most. So, in that they have mentioned that this is their kind of framework which they have used. So, in collection you can see the segregation has been done then where it is being segregated into these buildings. Construction and demolition waste is not being segregated. Then there is an anti-foreground segregation from the mandated law and then street sweeping use are going into compost. So, we will come to so after this what happened was so these are household 11 units for treating household waste. Now, many of the households still did not had the any unit. So, they had to come up with another kind of a technological option which is aerobic unit. So, this was proposed again in 2013 for households and small shops which do not have waste processing units. So, this was used in Kerala Agricultural University which issue where they were using it for dealing with the taxes of animals. And from that they came up with this particular technology. And these are just various characteristics and of that particular technology. So, it takes 2000 kilogram which we can go in detail in around, but only thing is so this technological option was taken up taking into consideration sustainability of Kerala's climate as well as the climate also is a thing which needs to be taken into account when it comes to composting. So, being a tropical climate this composting kind of a technology suits them. So, it was so what happens to the compost it was given free of cost to farmers even now that is what they are doing. It was piloted in 12 watts now it is spread across 23 different locations. And the contingent workers who used to transport the waste before they actually were given training and management units. So, this is how the unit looked like and 90 to 120 days once it is there the biodegradable waste gets converted into organic compost. Ideal and MRF units are also part of this particular unit, but not in on, but out of the 23 10 units have MRF units where they use separate bins for plastic bottles and ears which later is given for either shunting or for waning and then for some other use in this reuse. And as I said plastic and plastic that is what they do and also there was one company that was made under local LSD department which was made responsible for plastic waste collection as well. So, it was segregated to various segregated and then shredded and pellets well and other wastes. So, wastes from bottle shops what is happening in Alamora is that they are contracted to private agencies. Then hazardous waste and waste they are periodic there is periodic collection by the municipality. In hospital base it is being done by another group called remains. So, it is part of the Indian Medical Association and they have a biomedical treatment and disposal facility in Palatine. And plastic waste actually is being transported from here to Tamil Nadu we rolled in Tamil Nadu and this is the current situation. So, right now we will see what the municipality has given in their DPR and what they this is the latest DPR which they have come up with. So, this is average I mean the generated waste average per day is 58 tons and this is the percentage of each of these waste which is being generated. So, you can see only 23 percentage of the waste is going into community aerobic units and 9 percentage is being done. So, from our kind of experience what we have found out is that these things get segregated at source, but after that what is happening is this being dumped into canals. And these two are also being followed by but by a not by all in the city. So, that is the kind of situational analysis of the waste segregation and where it is going. And this is the composition of the waste generated and you can see wide incredible waste is almost before then existing. So, we talked about aerobic units the biogas plants and pipe compost. So, you can see the number is not so high, but there is a kind of driver they are also planning to have more biogas plants and pipe compost units.