 Hello and welcome to Programme 5 in our English video learning series from the Hartab Educational Multimedia project. Today in our final lesson we look at the writing of complex sentences and essays. We hope that by the end of this lesson you will be able to write complex sentences, a factual or informative essay. Now let's return to the noisy bunch of learners. Awesome sir, can you bear a pizza or not buy a hairbrush? Well done boys, now if you can just calm down a little bit. I want you to tell us of those of us who were not there at the game. How the game was, can you describe it to us? Right, those who were not at the game, come sit here. Come over here. Okay, calm down, calm down. Okay, go for it now. Describe the game to us. One by one please. One by one please. Yes, Julia. It was really spuff, sir. It was the under 13 teams playing. Yes, Malika? Yes, Rodriguez? The stadium was packed. Yes, Jonathan? Sir, maybe because both teams were strong teams. It was a very tough game, but our boys struggled to win. Oh, yes sir. Just me? And it was a trouble everywhere. I don't want to pay no attention. Yes sir, it was like this. The boy did put the ball in, sir. And then it hit like this and the ball came in, sir. Wow, what happened then? Both teams were strong and clever. I also took a shot. Because we lost with the last shot. Yes sir, but sir, we won't. Look at the score, what I say. Enjoy the game. Now you here, listening to the game being described. What were the words used to describe the game? Sir, the first word I heard them describe the game was spuff. I don't know what it means. You're right. Now you do I. Perhaps I can explain it. Sorry sir, it means like great. It was exciting. Thank you, Julian. What other descriptive words did you hear? It was spuff, sir. Clever. Thank you. Let's continue. You can shove back down to your seats. A list of descriptive words they used to describe the game. Instead of saying great, the game was great, exciting, fun. The boys were strong, tough, clever. Now Malika, can you make a sentence for us with the word fun? Hard gaming, it was fun. Well said, Malika. Self against the open. Very good sentence, Rodriguez. Remember, it's opponent. Yes sir. Yes Jonathan. Sir, we tried to get many kicks but it was tough to get the position of the ball. Good. That was a sentence worth tough. You can give yourself a round of applause now. Now viewers, let's take a look again at the sentences the class made. We have underlined some words for you. Do you know what we call the underlined words? Yes, I know you've got it. They are verbs. We call the words printed in bold phrases. Do you know what we mean by a phrase? A phrase normally consists of two or three words that are part of a full sentence, but in themselves do not have a full meaning as a sentence. But let's take a step back and see how a sentence is compiled. A basic or simple sentence consists of a subject, verb and object. For example, the boy kicks a ball. In this sentence, the boy is the subject, kicks the verb and a ball, the object of the sentence. But when we add some phrases into the sentence to make it more descriptive and complex, we call it a complex sentence. For example, the sentence might now read, the small boy kicks the hard ball over his neighbour's fence. So we call a simple sentence with a verb and a phrase a complex sentence. Now we can look at the class sentences again and see that they are complex sentences. Number one, they played an exciting game on Saturday morning. Played is the verb on Saturday morning, the phrase. Number two, we played the game and it was fun. Played is the verb, it was fun, the phrase. Number three, the other team strongly defended themselves against the opponent. Defended is the verb, against the opponent is the phrase. Number four, they played the game with clever thoughts. Played is the verb, with clever thoughts is the phrase. Here are more examples and look carefully which is the verb and which the phrase that makes the sentence a complex one. Here goes. Number one, Dr. Clutter has worked in Mariental for many years. Number two, Ms. Smith has been teaching in Rearwood for 10 years now. Number three, Charlton played soccer all weekend, sir. So again, we say when a simple sentence consists of a verb and a phrase, it is a complex sentence. Viewers, let's talk about the quite complex skill of writing an essay. Now, can you still remember all the details that the learners mentioned with regards to the game they watched? They talked about where the game was played, when the game was played, who played the game, how the game went and why this game took place. It was the final in a series, I think, to determine the champions for the year. These are the basic questions when writing an essay. What, when, who, where, how and why. Let's say we are to write about this soccer match in an essay form. How would we go about this? Yes, you'll write. These questions will guide us in constructing an essay. Many people get confused about the structure of an essay. How should I begin? You may ask. Or in what sequence do I write it? Well, here is the structure. The essay consists of three main parts, an introduction, body and the conclusion. That's not too hard, is it? And we can make use of some complex sentences when writing the essay. Now, in the introduction we usually introduce the topic we're writing about. In this case, we're writing about the sports event. Remember that the introduction will often make people either sit closer to year better or switch off from what is being said. So make sure the introduction is interesting, fresh and lively. I watched a riveting game on Friday between two teams both determined to win. Okay, this was quite a good introduction. As listeners want to know what was so riveting about this game, they watched and what happened in the end as both teams were so determined to win. Alright, the second part of the essay is called the body and this is the longest part. In this paragraph, you tell the reader more about the event and how it unfolded. It's like putting some meat on the bone. Here you may give some details about the game, for example about the excitement, the scores, the red card handed to a player, the penalties and so on. And in the conclusion, we summarise the essay. In this case, we might end like this. With such a breathtaking end to the soccer season, I cannot wait to see what the new season will bring. And this brings us to the end of our final English lesson in this video learning series from the Heartup Educational Multimedia Project in Namibia. Let's see what we have learned today. A complex sentence consists of a verb and a phrase. A phrase is not a sentence and cannot stand alone. We ask different questions when we plan to write an essay, questions such as what, where, when, who, why, how the events happened. An essay consists of an introduction, a body and a conclusion. Learners, please do not be scared at the prospect of writing an essay in school. It is quite interesting to do if you follow these basic rules. Well, it has been a pleasure to be in your company again on this program. Until another time, goodbye and happy learning.