 Radio-teletype RUTI is a telecommunications system consisting originally of two or more electro-mechanical teleprinters in different locations connected by radio rather than a wired link. These machines were superseded by personal computer species running software to emulate teleprinters. Radio-teletype evolved from earlier landline teleprintered operations that began in the mid-1800s. The U.S. Navy Department successfully tested printing telegraphy between an airplane and ground radio station in 1922. Later that year, the Radio Corporation of America successfully tested printing telegraphy via their Chatham, Massachusetts, radio station to the RMS. Majestic commercial RUTI systems were inactive service between San Francisco and Honolulu as early as April 1932 and between San Francisco and New York City by 1934. The U.S. military used radio-teletype in the 1930s and expanded this usage during World War II. From the 1980s, teleprinters were replaced by computers running teleprinter emulation software. The term radio-teletype is used to describe both the original radio-teletype system, sometimes described as Bogdacht as well as the entire family of systems connecting to or more teleprinters or PCs using software to emulate teleprinters, over radio, regardless of alphabet, link system or modulation. In some applications, notably military and government, radio-teletype is known by the acronym RABD Radio Automatic Teletype.