 Felly, mae'n iawn i gweithio i gweithio i'r oedden nhw. Mae'n gweithio i'r ystafell, yma o'ch gweithio i ddim yn meddylu a meddylu'n meddylu i gael ymwneud i'r torso o gael ymddiadau ymlaen, mae'n hynny'n ei gweithio i drwy ffrinsiaid yma. Ddwy'n ffrinsiaid, Ben Procter. Ddodd yn fwy. Ddw i'n sgwrdd? Ddodd yn fwy. Fy yw'n mwy. Ddwy'n fwy. Ddwy'n fwy. Ddwy'n fwy. I was born and bred I'm going to to the ground I was born and bred with the record of having travelled the least distance to come to the EMF camp. This is me. You know how it is, you submit a talk and you think that's great. Then you think that just as the talk approaches you think how arrogant is it that I can explain to you how the internet has changed a bit. This is my word, this is my defence, this is my perspective. I'm basically a general purpose so I'm going to have a little bit of discussion i'r bwnaeth neu ei ddechrau. Yn dweud yw'r bwnaeth i'r llun o'r bwnaeth? Yn y gallwn ni'n gofynio, ydych chi'n dweud y gallwn i'r gweithio cyhoeddus cyhoedd yn gwneud yn fwyaf. Rwy'n gweithio'r bwnaeth yn ffynig ac yn y gweithio, yw'r bwnaeth, rydych chi'n dweud. Rwy'n arddangos i chi'n gweithio. Ond ychydig iawn i'r bwnaeth i'r bwnaeth i'r bwnaeth yn y llaw. A byddwn i'n meddwl yng Nghymru. Mae hynny'n rhaid i'w ddweud, mae'n dweud o'r rhaid i'n dweudol ar ein hirio ac arall, o'r dweud o'r amddangos a'r rhaid i'w ddoedd yn hwnnw i ddim yn ymddangos, oherwydd ffordd, oedol, oedd o'r gynllunau o'r dweud o'r dweud o'r dweud o'r dweud o'r dweud o'r dweud, oherwydd a'n gofio'n mynd i'w ddweud â'r dweud, oherwydd mae'n gofio'n ac yn ddyweddoli'r ystod y cyfnod. Felly, mae'r ddweud o hynny'n three o'r ddweud yn dweud i'r hynny, oedd y gweithio'r internet oed yn rhoi bod yn ddweud mewn hynny. Mae'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r maeth. Felly, rydyn ni'n gwybod bod rydyn ni'n gweithio'r maeth oherwydd rydyn ni'n eitio'r maeth oherwydd ymddangos, maffi wneud yn ymgyrch gyda'r cyfnodau hynny oedd yma'r gwneud yn ddigonol. Ond rwy'n meddwl, y maffi yma ar y dyfodol yma yn 2010, byddwn yn y gwir yma'r gweithio yma a'r gwneud yma'r cyfnod yma i'r cynhyrch mewn cyfnodol. Ac mae'n gynhyrch ar y cyfrifiadol yn maffio i gyfnodol. Felly we had the internet, which was a good start. We also had a system called OpenStreetMap. Hands up if you are familiar with OpenStreetMap. Almost everybody, that's great. So that's a wiki for maps which started in 2004 and its original intention was to provide a licence-free alternative to state mapping which was usually locked up and expensive, but very quickly people who got involved in that said, well this could be really useful in emergency response humanitarian work. So there had been a long drive to make use of it. And there had been OpenStreetMap deployments around humanitarian stuff before this point. What was really different here I think was this was very significantly reported in America. So for all sorts of reasons this got a lot of attention in the US. And so you have now OpenStreetMap which is kind of available and ready to be used for mapping in disaster zones. And then you have Americans who have a lot of data that could be useful for suddenly paying attention to what's going on in Haiti. So these people are search and rescue teams. After an earthquake one of the first things that happens is search and rescue teams from around the world get on planes and they just fly into the area. And at this point when they fly into Port-au-Prince it's in Haiti which is incredibly poorly mapped. The developing world is incredibly poorly mapped. So it's not necessarily that big a deal because if there's a collapsed building you can go and start digging in it. But how do you know whether you're digging in the right place, how do you coordinate with a load of other teams, all of whom are from outside of Haiti and don't know the names of the streets or so maps are a really crucial way to communicate. But like I say Haiti is very poorly mapped. But because the Port-au-Prince earthquake, I've got a clicker but it doesn't seem to be clicking, sort of caught the attention of I think a lot of Americans. There was a sudden explosion around the world of people saying let's get on to OpenStreetMap and let's start building a map on the fly so that people have some data there. So you have these crisis camps often in universities, they happen around the world. At the time I think we were really proud that there may have been a thousand people involved in this sort of mapping action which seemed like in 2010 that seemed like wow how many people now the OpenStreetMap community can mobilise that sort of number just like that. And then what you got on the ground was over the course of days, that's 10th of January, that's basically what appeared on OpenStreetMap and Google Maps was very similar and then by 12th of January you start to get that more and then by the 5th of February you get like proper hard really really high quality mapping. And there were some other things like it's not just OpenStreetMap, there's a long standing group called Map Action who actually fly into disaster zones and start to generate maps for people like having the mapping data in the internet isn't sufficient, you need to get it into the hands of people on the ground. But really from this point I think the humanitarian world woke up to the fact that there was this amazing source of data and they started to make a lot more use of it, demand a lot more, so this was Typhoon Haiyan which was one of a couple of typhoons that threatened the Philippines in short order and each of these squares is a change set so it's basically an edit that's been made to the map. These were edits that were made in the days leading up to Haiyan hitting the Philippines and by 2013 this had become kind of a normal response of the OpenStreetMap community that where a hurricane or a disaster threatened they would get online and they would start building a map so that they didn't have to do it after the fact they could do it, it would be there available from that moment. But even then that's a kind of limited value because you're still doing it in the last minute, you're remote, you don't know what the names of the streets are from a satellite, you can see that there is a street but you don't know what it's called. And so the community has now moved into this really excellent project and if you've got any interest in this area helping out with missing maps is like the best thing you could do. And essentially it started with British Red Cross, American Red Cross and Metsans en Frontier and they've identified high-risk areas that are poorly mapped and they're encouraging the community to get out there and map them early and they partner with people on the ground which is partly for practical reasons so people on the ground can go round and tell you what buildings are called, what the names of streets are but also there's a potential ethical problem with a load of people sitting in the west with satellites paid for by the west creating maps of other people's countries and so the more we can do to engage people on the ground the better. So missing maps is a great project and now OpenStreetMap really is the best mapping for much of the world. So this is a city in Tanzania, I don't know anything about Tanzania, I just thought I'd pick a city. You'll see that Google Maps actually has a reasonable amount of data about that city but there's a lot more granular data in OpenStreetMap and that's pretty common wherever you go across the world and this is roughly the same view in two different renders. So one of the beautiful things about OpenStreetMap is you get hold of the actual data so you can create your own maps for your own purposes. So the bottom is the standard map which you would just see on OpenStreetMap. The top right hand corner is a humanitarian map so it's designed for use in disaster response so you'll see that there are different buildings show up so pharmacies show up and the humanitarian map where they don't show up in the standard map. The colours are designed to use less printer ink when you print them out and also to enable you to annotate on top of them and Search and Rescue is kind of where it came from and is the most dramatic use of this but I've heard people from Metons on Frontier say OpenStreetMap has saved countless, genuinely countless lives for things like cholera control because when people come into a clinic and they have cholera you need to find out where they're from and if you haven't got a map they'll say I'm from that village over there if someone else comes in and says they're from a different village is that just a different name for the same village? Is it in the same place? Is it down street? Without a map tracing things like cholera outbreaks is incredibly difficult with a map it gets a lot easier I put this in just to show that it's not just maps so despite my enthusiasm for humanitarian OpenStreetMap team I volunteer for a different group and we essentially try and put data on top of the maps that OpenStreetMap had built This was a project we ran with the World Bank in 2015 after TC PAM had hit Vanuatu Vanuatu was a really remote set of Pacific Islands essentially and Tropical Cyclone went through several of the islands and did an awful lot of damage One of the things I did not know about international humanitarian response is the first people in and tends to be the fundraisers so there isn't a big part of international money sitting around for international aid certainly for places like Vanuatu so the first people in go in to do undertakings to assess the need for money so that they can go to global donors and ask for money to go and fix that and so one of the things that commonly is done is a rapid damage assessment so you go in and you work out which buildings are totally damaged which buildings are partially damaged and you get some idea of how many people are homeless and how much it's going to cost to rebuild that's rapid damage assessment takes six, eight weeks typically in Vanuatu it takes a lot longer because it's a long time to get there so as an experiment the World Bank paid some drone pilots to go and overfly the area and they took side-on images and they took top-down images and the top-down images we gave to OpenStreetMap and the side-on images we tagged we got volunteers on the internet to tag every building and so red tags are total damage amber tags are partial damage and blue tags are not significantly damaged that was the most tedious it was just in the terrible balance point between you had to have meticulous attention to detail but it's incredibly repetitive but it meant that we could do a rapid damage assessment in about a week and most of that was getting drone pilots on to Vanuatu and then getting the data out so that we could see it because Vanuatu is not well connected to the internet and there's been quite a lot of work to try and build machine learning into this sort of tool and I've seen some experiments in the Houston floods where I don't know if they were used by the agencies but there's certainly people were using this sort of approach but with machine learning applied to it to do rapid damage assessment so maps are a big positive that the internet has had the second really big impact I think is citizen self-organising so UNHCR do quite a lot of United Nations High Commission for Refugees they do quite a lot of work trying to understand the needs of refugees and internally displaced people one of the things they say is that amongst the most asked questions when people present at refugee camps and IDP camps is do you have Wi-Fi and is there someone to charge my mobile phone and where do I get SIM card and those are typically asked before do you have food and water so the degree to which can being connected is kind of now fundamental to human being not kind of just it's great you know I don't need to tell you we have ethernet to our tents but the degree to which connections are kind of fundamental to the way people think about the world and if you imagine the reason that you want this is you need to find out whether your family is safe you need to tell them that you are safe you need to talk to your friend that everybody that you know is on the internet and so this has had a couple of kind of significant consequences so one is that almost without noticing it communications infrastructure has become a critical part of emergency disaster recovery and a lot of it was never designed for that so the cell network is a good example like the cell network was designed originally I'm looking at someone who knows a lot about this so I'm hoping that he's nodding the cell network certainly in the west was designed to be like an add-on to the critical infrastructure which is the fixed line network well actually the cell network is a piece of critical infrastructure and you've seen that you've started to see that shift happen and certainly to switch back to UK emergency punning when I became an emergency punner in 2005 the 999 service going down was the thing that we had that was the communications risk we had in our plans now the mobile service going down the internet going down those are much more those have appeared in our risk registers in a way that we never thought of them before and then critically because human beings are incredibly connected and they have these tools and techniques that enable them to talk to their friends and family turns out they use them to self-organise so I've got a couple of examples so this is 2013 in Aberystwyth which is in midwest Wales they had a huge and not really expected flooding event and it affected not just Aberystwyth it affected some villages upstream and it really was quite dramatic and it thankfully I don't think it caused any death directly but it made an awful lot of people homeless straight away and without really the official authorities being aware the people of Aberystwyth started to decide that they were going to sort stuff out you see this a lot people offer temporary accommodation to each other they offer wifi, they offer power and what's worrying from the state responder point of view is how much faith can we have in these people like how safe are you going to the house as a friend of a friend of a friend on Facebook would you not be better going to the leisure centre and keeping on a camp bed which is the thing we have in the plan for you and that's actually no longer a relevant question because it turns out this is just what happened so the question was shifted from 2013 where Ceredigion Council were going is this right, is this safe should we need to give people sensible advice because this is the way that people respond to emergencies and I find it quite sort of life affirming almost always in emergencies, disasters human beings in large numbers go and help each other out and when they do it on the internet you can see it but they do it anyway this is perhaps a slightly more significant thing so in the Nepal earthquake there was a fantastic organisation called Kathmandu Living Labs they were part of the open street map community so they were mapping Nepal locally on the open street map because they could see that it would be useful and because they were there and doing that when the earthquake struck they suddenly kind of turned into this hub for community action and they used this tool which is used a lot even though it's horrible called Ushahidi so Ushahidi was originally developed for election monitoring or post-election violence monitoring and actually I don't think it's got a great UI but lots of people know how to use it it's free and what it enables you to do is take public reports on a map so one that we worked on in Nepal there was an orphanage full of 50 children and they're not there anymore does anyone know where they are is a thing that you can put on a map and then you can track comments and workflow against that report and then someone can close it down so say that that's been resolved Kathmandu Living Labs set up Ushahidi incidents this was towards the kind of end of that deployment so where it says that's 1015 reports of something that needs attention and then with almost all of those there was a response and triaging and this is all happening at a kind of citizen-to-citizen level the state and to a large extent the humanitarian responders who go into disaster zones weren't really engaging with that so part of what my volunteer group do is to try and help humanitarian responders understand that this is a significant thing but again I think this is because Aberystwyth is in the west and it's nice and rich and it's not totally surprising that people go on to Facebook and they try and help each other out Nepal is not rich and yet they use this kind of these free but kind of cutting edge bits of technology to self-organise kind of significant humanitarian response and then within the world of disaster response there's a whole kind of set of layers of citizens who were just getting on with it to different degrees so my group's done by Task Force is just a group of people essentially we're emergency on-call librarians like people who like searching the internet for things and putting it on maps but there's a whole kind of swath of them and they have kind of sprung up out of people like yourselves who have skills and are motivated to do something about it and rather like the Camandou Living Labs problem the people who expect to be doing something about it don't really know what to do with these weirdos who appear on the internet and stuff so the UN has set up a thing called the DHN digital humanitarian network to try and provide an interface between the weird, we call them VTCs Volunteer Technical Communities but these kind of weird amorphous citizen-led self-starting technical groups who actually have high levels of capability but don't know anything about humanitarian response and the people who are on the ground trying to kind of install clean water and all that stuff and so if you're inspired to do any of this stuff find yourself a DHN group and join it and we've seen this citizen self-organising happening this year in the Kerala floods so lots and lots of people now what's interesting vaguely to me is globally the way this is done is moved off platforms like Facebook and Twitter and other more public platforms on to things like WhatsApp so the Kerala floods huge amounts of citizen self-organising but not really done on the public web all done on interlocking WhatsApp groups and that's interesting it's not because people have made a decision that they want to use WhatsApp above these are the platforms it's just they're on WhatsApp their friends are on WhatsApp that's what you do I think I'm running out of time so I need to explain very briefly even though I'm running out of time you know how it is you have a set of slides that you've used a few times this is the slide that I always use to talk about convergent volunteers so this is the 2014 floods in Somerset but it's a picture of the Prime Minister of the time visiting and I just couldn't put a picture of David Cameron up I just couldn't do it so I had to replace him with a penguin so what we have in the UK and around the world is this idea of convergent volunteers so not just people getting online people organising online and then going to places and this is such an issue it's of such significance that there's now UK government guidance to all the local public sector bodies about how you should think about convergent volunteers so the Somerset floods thousands possibly tens of thousands of people turned up in Somerset which is great but it's not clear that they were necessarily very helpful but that's not necessarily that might be because they were not directed to helpful things to do who's watching my time? I've got that, alright so and then the third bit is which I've kind of alluded to is formal organisations of people who expect to be doing this stuff find there's a lot of friction as the internet changes the way that they think stuff so dramatic one that UK citizens may remember is 2011 2011 we had riots in cities in England there were lots of causes for the riots but one of the things that was very significant was people used messaging platforms and social media platforms to organise, coordinate, to work out where the police were so they could go into other places and the police did not expect that at all they were not geared up for that even though it wasn't the first time it happened they still hadn't noticed and you're now like the police thing has attitude to online social networking has completely transformed in the UK since then so neighbourhood policing is really emphasises getting out into virtual communities because they don't want to be in the stage where citizens are organising to riot and the police have no idea of what's going on and a significant phenomenon that I guess has always been there when the emergency is but the internet puts it on some sort of drug that accelerates things a lot speed is rumours so people it's a weird phenomenon but in the emergency people kind of seed the internet with rumours, false rumours and not usually not with any don't seem to have any sort of political agenda just a thing that people do and often these rumours don't go anywhere but sometimes the rumour will capture a sense of where people are and then it gets spread very widely and it seems to cause a lot of unsettling and this is again another example of the riots so when the riots spread to the centre of Birmingham someone tweeted a picture of this which is if you know the centre of Birmingham it's a huge metal bull outside the bull ring and it had been taken off by the rioters and this was incredibly widely shared and caused I think people to be very worried because it just sort of encapsulated this idea that the police had lost control of the streets and yet A, how would they get the head off a bronze statue and B, it was you could see from, if you knew anything about Birmingham you could see from the shops behind that this was an old photo that had been photoshopped and one of the interesting things is that the community in Birmingham, the online community in Birmingham scotched that rumour very quickly but the rumour kept coming back on an eight hour cycle because people who were not online when the rumour was originally scotched logged on, saw the image, went oh my god and that that is a thing that certainly in the UK we don't really we still agencies don't know what to do about that do they leave it because the community will sort it out should they say it's not true five minutes okay that's great, that's totally on plan there isn't there isn't half my presentation yet to go and just on the edge there I'm really just sharing my pain so I used to work for Hereford's Council as a comms officer a few years ago someone returned from Sierra Leone felt a bit ill went into a GP walking clinic in the centre of Hereford and said I've just come back from the Bola area and I'm feeling ill which you shouldn't have done so that person shouldn't have done that they should have phoned up and said I'm feeling a bit ill but then the walking clinic didn't do what they should have done which is say go home and phone us they evacuated the walking clinic and put up a sign saying and left this potential patient in there and put up a sign saying suspected to Bola case so it became quite a significant rumour and the frustration for me was the public health people who knew what they were talking about were absolutely clear right from the start that there was very little chance that this was really Ebola but they wouldn't say it because they have to go through a set of protocols which is fine unless you live in Hereford when there's a sign outside the GP surgery going Ebola has come to the and so this friction of the people who are supposed to look after you in the months is interacting with what's really happening in the months is a kind of ongoing problem this I will tell you very quickly so one other thing we haven't really come to terms with is bad actors in these networks so this was in 2011 you may or may not remember that there was a NATO bombing campaign in Libya my volunteer group worked for the UN privately to map what was going on and provide that information to the UN so that they could plan a humanitarian response afterwards it became clear very quickly that people sympathetic to the Gaddafi regime had infiltrated our network because we never gave any thought to operational security and in fact we still don't really know how to handle operational security and they were trying to manipulate the information that was on there and that was back in 2011 and that was before we knew about what Russia were up to and they we don't know how to deal with kind of bad actors trying to influence our normal discourse we really don't know how to deal with it in an emergency or a disaster it's an it's an example there so how the internet has changed emergencies maps are better and maps save lives maps are the thing it's made communications infrastructure critical it's enabled citizens to do things they never could before but we're experiencing this friction with established organizations and their normal way of working and what could you do about it if this has inspired you if you ever ever do anything with geodata do it with OSM the more people work with OSM the better OSM gets for the world and a lot of the missing map stuff relies on a thing that was developed in the UK for a completely different purpose called the walking papers and so if we develop things here and have unforeseen benefits around the world if you have tech skills and you want to help out join a DHN partner organization and if you can work out how to fix Twitter and Facebook that would be great that's all I have, thank you very much thank you Ben, that was an absolutely amazing talk we have time for a few questions just stick your hand up if you do have questions just so I can get a sense of how many we've got okay great thank you very much for that very interesting stuff there's been a couple of applications built for Android and iOS to kind of supplement Google Maps for things like traffic and speed cameras and police all that fun stuff have you thought about maybe making applications sort of like this for emergencies because then it would bring it down to sort of very low level that anybody could start using it and kind of feed into the system just by taking out your smartphone to use is there something like that out there have you thought about this? I think that sounds like a great idea what has worked so far is where people build applications for their own purposes but then open source them so like Ushahidi is a critical tool for citizens self-organizing but it wasn't built for that purpose and so the map of mercy of OpenStreetMap group is building exactly what you described data into OpenStreetMap in Birmingham and I think we should focus on building applications that have a use now and let people who need them get hold of them when they need them rather than trying to guess what application might be useful in the future if that makes sense so I guess what about emergencies like disasters so I guess my experience is in a disaster people reach for the tools that they are familiar with and some tools that other people are familiar with people do try and build disaster specific applications but they often don't gain traction because in a disaster you want the thing that you know how to use not the thing that was designed for this purpose so I think we should build cool stuff but not build it for emergencies build it for use available to people in the mountains so not so much of a question but just a call out to missing maps that they hold mapathons regularly go to missingmaps.org and there will be a mapathon in your area there's lots of them I organised Reading missing maps and I'm involved with London missing maps as well so maybe missing maps could have a village at the next EMF any more questions there's one over here hello it's just interesting hearing about Aberystwyth since we were me and my friend were staying there at the time but my question is you mentioned these large organisations which have like bureaucracy or process in place which means they can't comment on a like a bowler thing and then the small people to people like peer networks is there anything between them and the two kind of extremes or like a bridge of you know maybe knowledgeable people that could comment on the a bowler thing because they're not as constrained by process yeah and in fact the police have cotton on to that since the riots so so in in Herefordshire, in south Hereford we had a couple of years ago a set of police in close proximity which the police said were not related it was just a chance thing but the police now are smart enough to know that a statement from the superintendent won't go anywhere but the neighbourhood policing team putting something out on twitter will get a lot of trust because everybody knows them already in that environment and so the it isn't that so that's the message for I think for formal organisations is you need to join the network like the world is not as you think it is you need to join the network and then we need public health professionals in the network that people know and trust that's fantastic a huge round of applause for Ben