 This systematic review focuses on parathyroid autotransplantation, a procedure used to restore parathyroid gland functionality in cases of inadvertent removal or devascularization during thyroid surgery. The review discusses the main concerns regarding the procedure, including when and how to perform it, the anatomical site for implantation, and the expected results. Despite the lack of agreement on the effectiveness of this procedure, parathyroid autotransplantation is considered an important tool to minimize the risk of hypoparathyroidism following thyroid surgery in selected cases. This article was authored by Olga Iorio, Vincenzo Petrozza, Antonetta D'Agore and others.