 This review focuses on the development of active, stable, and low-cost catalysts or electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production from water-splitting electrolysis through electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, HER, and oxygen evolution reaction, OER, in alkaline and acidic media. The review highlights recent advances in the design and preparation of nanostructured noble metal and non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts, as well as new strategies and insights in exploring their synergistic structure, morphology, composition, and active sites for increasing electrocatalytic activity and stability. The future challenges and perspectives in the design of active and robust electrocatalysts for HER and OER towards efficient production of hydrogen from water-splitting electrolysis are also outlined. This article was authored by Shan Wang, Aolin Lu, and Chuan Jian Zhong.