 Okay, well, in case you missed the initial introduction, my name is David Pratop, and I'm a researcher at the Climate Change Group at IED. I'm the moderator for this session, and I'll be doing an introduction for the session as well. Now welcome to the Skillshare on the Pemoja Voices tool to support inclusive climate resilient planning for communities. Marginalized groups often depend very heavily on natural resources, which are greatly affected by climate change, but they often have because they're marginalized very little say in community decision making processes. Tools can be participatory without being inclusive. Perhaps it's the most powerful or dominant in the community who speak loudest, or who are invited even to the workshops. How do we get around this, and how do we develop tools which are not too complex or complicated for local practitioners with perhaps limited resources to use effectively. That's kind of the backdrop behind the Pemoja Voices toolkits. Just to give a little bit of background, they were developed as part of the strengthening women and youth voices for climate action in Tanzania project, which was funded by the Climate Justice Resilience Fund. This project ran from 2018 and is still running but just about to come to an end. One of the aims of this project was to develop an affordable straightforward inclusive planning toolkit for use by local climate practitioners in Tanzania. Now, the project developed two versions or flavors if you will, of the toolkit for two very very different settings. One was pastoralist and agro pastoralist communities in northern Tanzania. And the other was small producer communities and cooperatives rather cooperatives in Zanzibar. The toolkits were designed and tested as part of a collaboration between IID and two Tanzanian and two Zanzibari community based partners. You'll see their logos here. In the middle of Syria is an Arusha district we have our chemo and pastoralist women's council. They're both community based organizations working to improve the lives of pastoralist women. We're lucky today to have representatives from both these organizations in the meeting, see them in the participants list. Angela Kigashi from Babakimo and Sarah Alakara from the Pastoral Women's Council. Our partners in Zanzibar with the Promosure Youth Initiative, an independent youth led organization and the Zanzibar Climate Change Alliance or ZAKA for short. An umbrella of civil society organizations committed to working on environment and climate change in Zanzibar. And today we're lucky to be joined by Rashid Mawini of Promosure Youth Initiative. I'll be kicking off briefly by discussing tools for community climate risk assessment. I'll then pass you over to my colleague at IID, Sarah McIver, and she'll tell you all about the nuts and bolts of the planning toolkits. Then Angela Kigashi of Babakimo will tell us about her organization's experience of developing and using the toolkits in Arusha in northern Tanzania. Rashid Mawini will tell us about his experience of using the tool in Zanzibar, and then we'll finish up with a question and answer session. Of course you can ask a question or make a comment at any time in the chat box. We won't address them while the presentations are going on, but we will look at them and address them in turn in the question and answer session towards the end. Now the next stage, we'd like to find out a little bit about the toolkits and the tools that you're familiar with and currently use as climate practitioners. The tools that you're using today to assess climate vulnerability and climate risk in the communities that you're working with. These go by a variety of different names. Sometimes they're called resilience assessments, sometimes the vulnerability assessments or capability assessments. This is just a quick chat chat. We just want to see if you write down the names of any toolkits you're familiar with or already using into the chat box. And then after that, after you've written the name, put a score. Just write down a score from zero to five where five is the maximum. How effective you think that tool is at capturing the experiences and priorities of marginalized groups in the communities you work with. So it's an inclusiveness score. So just take a moment to write in the chat box. Some of the tools that you're familiar with and how effective you think they are at capturing inclusiveness. Let's have a look at that. Well, we've got a couple of comments coming in. Yep, okay. The ICLEI, Resilience Toolkit. Okay, that's interesting. We can discuss that a little bit more later towards the end in the discussion. Just for avoidance of doubt. I'll just tell you what the toolkit means to us as Pomodja as a Pomodja toolkit. Okay, what we're referring to as a toolkit, it's two freely available documents that are available on the web that provides step by step instructions and guidance on how to conduct climate resilience assessments that are inclusive. So they feature a collection, especially selected participatory rural appraisal exercises, which together, when used in a particular way, can bring out the specific climate resilience priorities of women and young people. They also provide straightforward, comprehensive, and we hope simple instructions on how to organize your workshops, how to choose participants, tips on how to facilitate tips on how to work with translators, and even some ideas on how you might report afterwards and produce a document that actually presents the results of the assessment in a meaningful way. The toolkits are currently available in English. They're posted, just posted them on the internet. So they've just gone live. I'll give you the addresses, the online addresses at the end of the session. But we hope you'll take a look. The toolkits are also going to be available in Swahili shortly. The translations have just been done. They're not quite ready yet, but they will soon be ready. So that's the brief overview. You now know what the promotion toolkits are roughly about. I'll pass you on to Sarah McIver, who will give you a much more detail on the nuts and bolts of the promotion voices toolkits. Thanks very much, David. And hello everyone. Good afternoon, good morning, good evening, depending on where you're coming from. So my name is Sarah and I'm just going to go through a quick overview of these two toolkits that David has outlined. I'll start by indicating what Pamoja actually means. So Pamoja means together in Swahili. And it was very much determined by the partners where they felt that this should be about voices coming together. This toolkit is about, you know, bringing all these different voices from women, from youth, from marginalized communities together. So it's really under that framework of inclusion that kind of forms the basis of this toolkit. And what is it, as David mentioned, very simple straightforward step by step guides, a few exercises and activities that have been developed basically to ensure their climate priorities of women and youth and men as well are identified. The challenges that they face in dealing with a change in climate, but also allowing them enable them the opportunity to share their solutions as well. So very much bottom up processes, the challenges they're facing, but the solutions that they feel would help them in overcoming such challenges. Why is it needed? There's very much recognition and increasing recognition of the failure of existing climate and development programs to recognize the different challenges facing everyone, but in particular women and youth. And the different development programs or climate programs are there to support a community and they see community as something that is one thing. But we all understand that it's not, you know, within a community, there will be different power dynamics operating. There will be elites as well. There will be those that are marginalized. So this toolkit is really about trying to level the playing field. The voices of those that are marginalized have a say at the table and are also involved in the decision making. As often it's these very people that are marginalized are the ones who are suffering most from climate change. So it's really important that they are, they have a say and they are part of the planning and decision making as well. What is the outcome? So what would happen once you apply these toolkits basically? A collective action plan would be developed and that action plan would have been developed by the communities capturing sort of the gender and climate priorities from the local solutions and the equal perspectives of women, men and youth. And it can be used by a wide range of different organizations and actors. It can be used by local communities themselves, by cooperatives themselves, but also those organizations that support them. So whether that's national or local government, civil society or community based organizations, academia and think tanks, as well as donors in private sector, it's been particularly made to be very flexible so that it can adapt to be used by a different range of users. And in terms of the timeframe, it only takes about three days to do. So very short timeframe. It's very kind of cost effective as well. But we would argue that it's so important to do such exercises. They can be done as part of baselines at the start of a program to really inform the different priorities of women, youth marginalized groups as well. So we would argue that it's worth it, you know, three days to do this would be invaluable to the whole development program and to an intervention. Ensuring that the voices of all are heard would really be a really important exercise that would be indeed a worthwhile investment for the effectiveness of programs. The first toolkits. So on to the next slide, David, please. Yeah, thank you. So the first toolkit that was developed. These toolkits were very much bottom up. So we worked in two different areas. We worked in main man Tanzania in Mandulu and Longidu district, and we also worked in Zanzibar. And we wanted it to be bottom up processes. So we allowed for the communities themselves to inform what the toolkits should have as part of them. So it wasn't top down. It was very much the communities were involved at all stages in planning the toolkit development in designing it in testing it in the field in validating the final product that was developed and in training others as well and how to use it. So it's really they've been involved for the whole process. And we feel that the toolkits are quite unique in that regard because they've been tested and adopted by the users themselves. So this first toolkit was working with pastoralists in northern Tanzania. It involves six exercises or activities, which involve climate risk assessments, gender analysis, theories of change and stakeholder mapping. And all of those are very straightforward. The toolkits include very simple step by step guides on how to conduct all of these activities. But a key part of it all is that there is the importance of creating the safe space. So all of the toolkits kind of focus on having focus script discussions with older men, older women, younger men and younger women, so that they have the chance to share their challenges in a safer environment one in which they're more comfortable. Share some of the solutions they can offer in dealing with their day to day gender constraints in dealing with their day to day climate challenges. And then bringing everyone together in order to develop a collective solutions and an action plan in order to deal with such challenges together. This slides through some of the images that are also available in the toolkit. So you can see it's very much trying to be as inclusive as possible using quite innovative techniques of drawings, and allowing the communities to draw these seasonal calendars themselves to really outline how the climate is affecting them and to think about historical climate changes, as well as think about sort of some key interventions from the theory of change that can help inform their building of their livelihood resilience. Next slide. The second toolkit, this was the one that was developed in Zanzibar working with cooperatives. So this is slightly different again because it's a different context so the communities felt that they wanted to have these exercises as part of their toolkit. Similar to the previous one, also the gender analysis climate risk assessments being key to this one. It also involves having the four focus groups divided into older men, older women, younger men and younger women as well to hear the challenges and priorities that they were being faced with and some of the collective solutions. The gender analysis they were able to sort of conduct a timeline to outline some of the challenges they were facing. Discuss who controlled resources who had access to resources and discuss some of the weather hazards that were affecting their activities as well. And then to come together and develop this cooperative action plan one that they would implement themselves and continue to monitor. This one also involved a governance analysis. So really using looking at the current leadership structures, how many men were in the leadership committee, how many women, how many youth looking at the desired composition and then thinking about where they'd like to go in the future so having a very collective discussion about how they would like to ensure that there isn't any gaps in their structures and the voices of all are included in those decision making processes. So you can see very simple very straightforward. A lot of use of diagrams and drawings to ensure full involvement of the community. I'm going to stop here and hand over hand over to Angela. So she's going to take us through in more detail about the work that they've done in mainland Tanzania working with pastoralist communities. Angela over to you. Hello Angela. Just checking to see Angela. Maybe on mute. Yeah, you're on mute. Okay, you're now live. Hello, everyone. I'm Angela Kagashi from Burkimo. I'm here to take you through the inclusive climate planning process that we did with the rural pastoralist communities in the Manduli and Ilongedo district. Thank you. The next slide. We have taken you through. We had several activities that has led us to identify several challenges that has been that is facing community, especially women and youth in the pastoralist community. By this, we found that youth and women are very vulnerable to climate change shocks, because they are depending much from men to attain their livelihood. And by this means that traditional roles of women and youth are quite different from other people in the community. They have a lot of responsibility and they have, they have, they are not having power in decision making in order to fulfill those responsibilities. And this has led them to, to be discriminated among the community as people who are weak and people who do not have a resilience capacity. They depend much on natural resources in the environment which are attacked by the climate environment, climate change that are taking place all over the world, and this has led to much lowering their resilience capacity in the community. The voice of the influence to reduce the climate resilience of women and youth, and triggering rural and urban migration in search of other opportunities, especially economic opportunities that are available in the urban areas. Thus living the old and young, very, very young children at home. That's not helping the community to move forward. The other challenge, we thought that limited access to social services, particularly water, especially to women, proved to be a challenge because they spend much time fetching water, not engaging in other development activities that will somehow bring in income to sustain the family or in the household in general. The next slide. Working with the different groups during the meetings has led us to identify different priorities for both groups. We had young women, we had older women as well as young men and older men. Every group had its own resilience priority, which when working together, they thought that if it is taken care of the capacity or the resilience capacity will increase. To start with young women, they thought that having water nearby household or nearby homestead will prove to be, will increase their resilience capacity. During climate conditions changing. And this is for household as well. And at the same time, household water for livestock that remain at home, especially when the men are moving around with livestock that are stable. And livestock, women and young girls depend on milk and other milk products to any money for household consumption. We also have small businesses whereby having small business around proved to increase an income of young women around so that they can sustain their livelihood when men are not around. And since they do not have ownership of anything, they have access but they don't have ownership. This small business gives them little money to provide for their own needs as well as the household need. Encouraging the Cobra, saving and leading groups proved to be a successful and a resident priority for women and the particular and young girls. Because it will provide them with opportunity to interact with others as well as save money and do other businesses that will bring in income for the family. They also prioritise on land for farming and cultivation, because at the end of the day women in the parsley's community do not own land. What they have access to is they do not have ownership of land from their father's side. And on the husband's side, they allowed on to use the land but they do not have say on what the products are coming out of the farm. The man is the one who have the final say on the products. When we come to older women, they prioritise water for domestic use as well as for livestock. And they insisted on food, saving and store to cater for during dry season and when men are moving away with livestock. They also insisted on livestock, particularly because they depend much on the products that are coming from livestock. Telecommunication to ensure that everyone in the community is able to have information from anywhere so that they know where the marketplace are, what is taking place in the world. The young men insisted on education. Education, the aspect of farming as well as livestock keeping and insisted on businesses having water to water the livestock and livestock for their only livelihood sustainability. Older men priorities included livestock. And by livestock, they required to have enough water and pastures for grazing the livestock. They insisted on mobility of livestock moving from one place to another in search for pastures and markets to sell the livestock because they depend much on livestock to end money and buy products or food for the household. Next slide please. During our work in implementing the Pamoja voice tool in the module we found that this tool has been able to include everyone in the community. First for women and youth, we're not taking place, we're not given opportunity to make decision, decision making body. Take an example at household level local government as well as traditional structures which are very strong in the past few communities, but having the Pamoja voice tool around it has given an opportunity for them to voice up their mind and take part in decision making. The tool has also helped in the community, making the community aware as well as support and include women and youth priorities in the planning development investment. In our community what we normally do, the investment, the development investment planning take place from the village level. And by this, the local government did not evolve much of the women and youth, but by using the Pamoja voice tool, the community now is aware that they have the responsibility to plan and implement different climatic change projects. The Pamoja voice tool as well as enablement in streaming women and youth, climatic resident priorities into traditional structures, agendas. By this we mean that the community that it is, it has strong hold of traditions whereby men are the one who are making decision on behalf of the whole community. So by understanding that women and youth also have priorities, which will help, which will help them in adapting to climate change, then they have started including and taking and involving them in the climate in the decision making structures in the traditional way. The other issues about women and youth have also realized that they have a role to play in changing the stigma around the community concerning women and youth involvement. The next slide. So far the lesson learned, we learned that during the whole time personal and swimming and youth are more effective in determining to push for change. And the tool is successful in showing the distinctive livelihood and responsibility of women and youth and the challenges they face. And it provided a room to women and youth to identify the climate resident priorities. I welcome my colleague, Rashid, to come on with the next slides. Hi everyone. My name is Rashid Muni from Pamoja youth initiative working as a chair person and Pamoja youth initiative is a local organizations. And with the mission of strengthening Zanzibari youth can understand their potentialities to add bringing positive changes in their community. Today, we'll just present Pamoja Voices toolkit that is have a beam of make sure that there is the inclusion of climate release and planning for corporate corporatives. Yeah. The second Pamoja Voices toolkit was developed in a engaging theory grassroots corporatives, which is show remorja who are keeping bees to deserve to align farmers and shurikane circles that are dealing with seaweed farming in connection with the government of Zanzibar's department of cooperative development. Why we decided to deal with these three local corporatives. Some of the challenges facing this cooperative are the cooperative are negatively impacted by climate change in the day to day livelihood activities. Talking about line farmers who are getting a very difficult time, especially during the dry seasons, they cannot produce anything as the line become bright. And also talking about bee keepers. Also, they are also affected and see, see with farmers, they also affected as now, the temperature is increased, they cannot keep up producing much in lower water or shallow water, and they are supposed to move to deep water. Also, women and youth are often excluded from the key decision making forum, determining how much climate changes should be overcome. According to different researches show that women and youth are monthly affected with climate changes, but they cannot take party in provide any decision regarding the themselves due to the effects of these climate changes. Last but not least, women and youth in counter-obstacle to assessing resources, information, skills, and knowledges. In most of these local corporatives, women face a lot of obstacle, which hindered them in different aspect of their life, especially getting the land for productions and assessing some important information that can help them in their life. David, next slide. How the toolkit helped women and youths to express themselves and priorities. The toolkit has enabled women and youths to take part in decision making bodies and process in their respective communities. Women and youth and women are now processed top leadership position in their corporatives. Before using these tools in their corporative, you could find there is not even a single woman or a single youth in the corporative leadership structures. So using these corporatives, women and youth have been taking top leadership positions. For instance, at Sherry County circles, we are dealing with land farming, with seaweed farming. Now, a treasurer is a woman. Also, the toolkit helped identifying the priorities of women, men, boys, and girls in terms of overcoming gender constraints and climate changes, as well as determining collective solutions. For instance, through these toolkits, members of Sherry County circles, women identified their requirement for them to go to deep water for seaweed farming. We'll see on the next slide. Let me to the next slide, David. Yes, climate resiliency priorities. As you can see, you can see four groups here. And in these four groups, the priorities are categorized into parties or into categories, which is those which directly relate to climate change and general issues starting with men. Men identified that I say that greater access to market and a better price for their productions. They produce in bulk, but sometimes they cannot find the market to sell their products, so they identified that as a priority. Also, scientific research and knowledge on their products. They are doing business as usually they do not have any skills or knowledge based on the on their products. So they, they, they, they identified that having scientific research and knowledge on their product is a priority for them. Protected area for product products in local context. Their products are being installed by people. So identifying or keeping the protection of their products is their priority. Coming to the women, most supported from the men and boys. For instance, in seaweed cooperative girls would like to learn to swim and drive boats so they can to run to to can grow seaweed in deep water and not be limited to grow in shallow water where temperature are rising and seaweed is growing less, but also informing meeting times. Most of women and the girls, as well as boys, young people do not informed to them to attend the meeting. All they get information like so getting early information is their first priority as they want to be involved in decision making process involved in decision making. As I said before, there was a little bit of gaps, especially in participating in decision making process. So this participating decision making process also identified as a priority. The most important thing is to learn men or young people can just access land by inherits, which this means that most of the lens has been taken or has been taken by by many. This is a problem. And the skills and training to engage in business activities. They are not familiar with most of the business activities. They want to get some some training on how to engage with the business involved in decision making, as I said, as women and girls equipment and protective gear that feeds them. Most of the protective gears that they have is only for men. So they said that especially keepers, they could have a protective gear that can fit them as well. The most skills and training to engage in all business activities also involve in decision making process. As we can see women, boys and girls are marginalized in taking part in decision making. So, taking part in decision making is a priority for all women, boys and girls. That's mean youth David. Next slide. It was a big challenge changing the mindset of people on women and youth participation in decision making process within the corporatives. Yeah. Men and yes, men believes that women and youth cannot take part in decision making the process. So it was a big challenge for us just to see keeping the beliefs that women and youth can take part in decision making process. But lastly, the mindset is now changing. Also, it's need sometimes for the corporative to fully achieve the identified priorities during the application of these of the tools. For instance, there are some constitutions which guide these corporatives. So they say that in order to change the structure of leadership, we have to wait for the elections. So sometimes it takes time for the situation to change. But also another thing is during the application of these tools, when we tested this tool, it was approved that the toolkit can be used in different contexts, whether local, international, or in different organizations. But more importantly, to ensure that this tool is being used by different people. We also conducted a TOT, I mean training of trainers that we get the different people from government to CSOs and the other institutions. And we trained them how to use the tools. This will make sure that the tool is being used by different people and change the situations and change the challenges that facing the corporatives and other institutions. Thank you for your listening. Thank you. Thank you, Rashid. Thank you, Angela. Thank you, Sarah. And thank you to all of you for listening. At this point, we'd like to welcome some questions and comments from those attending. And I've seen that there's been quite an active debate already happening in the chat box and my colleague Sam Green has already been responding to some of the questions that have arisen. Let me have a quick look and see some of the ones that might be interesting here to take up. Let's see. We have a question from Tara Garretty. Would you like to ask a question? That Sam kind of covered it, but I work out in an area in Peru and because of time constraints and because my research team is quite small, I can't separate based on gender. So that's something that I struggle with when doing seasonal calendars and also participatory mapping. So I just didn't know if anyone had any suggestions that hadn't been mentioned on how to kind of overcome that struggle. Sam has replied to that one in the text, but I just wonder if there's anybody else here who might have some suggestions that Tara might find helpful. Yeah, in addition to Sam's suggestion. And I also, we also struggle with that, the agenda issues and age in the post-community, but the other thing you can do. You need to analyze power, the groups who have power in the community, who can neutralize the situation. So you need to invite them during the exercise so that they can neutralize any rising issues. This group can help really in the process. Thank you. I'll look into that. Also to add to that, I think the other thing about gender separation and analysis, it is important that you understand the people that are around and see who is talking much compared to the others. Because most people who tend to talk much tend to lower others' spirit in speaking. They might have something to speak, but one person is dominating the discussion. So by that the other people will not be able to participate well in the discussion. So by neutralizing the person who is dominant in speaking with the provider and opportunity for others to participate and share whatever they had during the presentation. Thank you, Angela. Any other comments? I'm going to invite Alice, Alice Rowley from the Cities Alliance to ask her question. Good afternoon. Good afternoon. Would you like to ask your question? Hi. Hi, yeah, sorry, this is Alice from Cities Alliance. Thank you so much for the presentations, everybody. I thought they were really interesting and useful. I used to work on conflict resolution and I started to wonder how the tool kind of risk assesses in terms of separating different groups in the community. And if the tool has ever been applied in a conflict setting. And I understand that it's challenging in any setting when you have different power dynamics. But I was just interested to hear, and I think I've already heard a lot from the presenters, so thank you. But if you have any comments on that, on conflict and planning in advance and thinking through risk mitigation of possible conflict that arises from the process. Thank you. I can take this one, David, or if I start anyway, answering some of this. Thanks so much, Alice. And you raised some very key points. I think initially in sort of in planning for carrying out the tool, we would invite the community and the sort of cooperative to select who, you know, the groups to take part. But we would have criteria that would help with that selection process in order to try and avoid elite capture and bias and selection. So criteria that, you know, would be about involving voices of the marginalized being quite specific about sort of how you define sort of the younger and the older woman and the younger and the older men trying to be as representative as possible. So partners and ourselves would work very closely sort of with the, you know, the leaders there in trying to get a representative sample. In terms of conflict horizon, we're very aware of this as well. And initially, there would be some questions about why would this be necessary, why do we need to involve women and youth, and making the case very much so about the need for inclusion. In terms of the cooperative, you know, you, they think about being productive as well. So I guess frame and the arguments around that about when everyone's involved and everyone's contributing equally, you will be not only much more happy and inclusive cooperative but also more productive as well. And in terms of working on sort of some of the governance work, we have in touch specifically in conflict areas, it was just in in Zanzibar and in mainland Tanzania. But for the governance, for example, the governance analysis, and that was a kind of facilitated in a grip discussion, whereby everyone was able to think through their current leadership structure and where they'd like to go in the future, what kind of representation they'd like to have. So it was very clear, like, because it was based on facts very clear that okay, we have a gap there's there isn't any youth on our leadership committees. And that was a kind of people didn't maybe realize that before. So it was a nice kind of eye opener for a lot of people and thinking through them. Okay, that's, let's try and be more balanced. But they got to vote when there was disagreement about how that composition should look like everyone voted together in the cooperative as well. So that kind of helped as well to sort of one member one vote system democratic process in which to get everyone's inputs into the new into a new structure. But it is very key facilitators and having facilitators that can manage those dynamics and anticipate those dynamics are also very important to try and minimize any any conflict that may arise and to and to address it in the right manner. Thank you Sarah. Sarah Alakara or Angela. Do you have any comments on situations of conflict, perhaps intra intra community conflict and experience of using the tool in situations where they may be tensions within the communities that are causing issues. Hello. Hello. My name is Sarah Alakara. Yes, I think in, in doing this exercise. It opens a space for everybody to let out what they think they want to be or the future division, but also we have a culture here. And women's will come up with their priorities. And sometimes their priorities may be against against the culture. So this might bring up tension in within the within the groups, or even in the bigger group. So what we actually do. We, because we have traditional leaders, and we have women. We try to understand past on how to handle the situation, but also, we open up the space to let each group understand the priorities of each of the other group and the reason why they want to to do that, but sometimes the group might go out out of control. So we use some powerful and influential leaders or even women to help us neutralize neutralize the situation or any arising conflict within the groups. Thank you Sarah. So moving through for other questions. Look, there's some questions there about how young and older defined. Do we have a question. Yeah, I can just, yeah, I can reply to Hannah. Okay. How do you define younger people in terms of in Tanzania. There are guides, there are policies, which it's dependent upon the country and the context, but in Zanzibar use the youth development policy, which define young people or youth of the people aged 15 to 35. Due to regulations, we work the match with the people who are 18 to 35 in order to get a contact, constantly from themselves, unless otherwise if you work with the people under that age, you should get the contact. I mean the consent from the parents. So we mostly work with the people from 18 to 35 and above that are all this. That mean women and men. Thank you. Hello. Hello. Can I add something. Something which also helped us. We have forums and in the ground, women's forum, but what we did, we also recruited for men to be members of the forums. During the discussion, the tools discussion processes, we invited these traditional leaders to be part of the processes who are already speaking about gender equality in the ground. And so we had people who can actually stand up and who are men and also traditional leaders who can stand up and say hey guys let's go this way and neutralize and bring the men and women together and bring men to agree on women's priorities and so on. Thank you. Thank you Sarah. I'm just mindful of the time and it looks as though some people may have to move on to other sessions. So at this point I just like to thank you all for attending I'd like to thank all the speakers and all my colleagues for all their hard work. And I would like to draw your attention to these recently in fact freshly published and available versions of the toolkit for rural livelihoods. It's there on this this presentation slide it's also been put in the chat by Sam for cooperatives there's a slightly different version. I also like to shamelessly plug an ID issue paper, which goes into some detail about the experiences that we had in developing and testing this tool. And there's the link there if you want to go and have a look at that. Thank you all very very very much for attending. The last thing I guess I should add is that they will soon be Swahili versions of these these tool kits. Please stay in touch with us and look on the website to see when they're available. Thank you all very much for a wonderful discussion and look forward to taking this up with you individually or in groups later in CBA or elsewhere. Thanks.