 The psychologists take reasonable steps to ensure that the assessment procedures may have been done correctly, accurately and ethically. What would be the appropriate basis for assessment is very much important to understand. Psychologists base the opinions contained in their reports, recommendation and diagnostic or evaluative statements on information, techniques sufficient to substantiate their findings. Whenever we are going to do any procedure where assessment is required, this is very much important to do that ethically and correctly. In a report, we are finding that so many individuals are depressed, anxiety prone, stressed, psychological disorder, general incidence and prevalence rates. So on what assessment basis we are claiming these big statements? That is very much important that the things based on which assessment is being done should be correct. And what tools should be used ethically? On whose basis we can say that these are reliable and valid and the results they could be generalized and these statements could be clearly given. Psychologists provide opinions of the psychological attributes of the individuals only after they have adequately observed individuals to support their conclusion. Let's say we use an instrument and we say that its results will be very valid and reliable. But those results do not match our participants or individuals' observations. So we need to be very careful that either the tool we are using is correct, is it culturally appropriate, is it invalid for the individual's age range, gender, population and we can correlate it with observations and then give it a statement. Let's say over the period of time different intelligence tests have been produced. If we talk about the waste, then how many revised versions of the waste have come? And the population we can apply to has increased over the years. In a simple word I can say that today a 2 year old child has information which is 20 years old. So the age limit and task of the test has been revised in the perspective of intelligence with the global change. Now if today I use a version of the waste on a population where a 2 year old child has an infant, and I use an old test on it, where the values we have have been decided according to the 20 years old population, then the child's score may be above 150, whereas it is normally an average intelligent child. So I have to see that either my observation is going to be accurate with that, or I am testing a slow learner and its test is going to be of an average intelligence just because the test is incorrect. So I need to give my personal value, my personal clinical assessment, my personal observation that it should must be correlated with the test assessment results. If in a consultation or supervision individual examination is not necessary for the opinion of the psychologist, explain it and source of information on which they base their conclusion. If this type of individual 1 to 1 assessment is not possible in that scenario, then we will conclude our observation and our assessment in such a way that they are justified. Like we can say that this test is being used worldwide for the children of this age. This is a valid and reliable tool that we will talk about later on, that what does it is related with assessment and why it is so important to see this. So we can conclude our results on a basis like this. Then when and where the use of assessment is required? Psychologist adapt, administer, interpret or use interviews, test an instrument in a manner appropriate for usefulness and proper application of techniques. At times we need to go for a telephonic service, at times in COVID we need to go for web service, at times we need to go actually for web service because we wanted to see customer satisfaction for certain product. Then we do a 1 to 1 and face to face interviews, then in group settings we do interviews or surveys. So they could be the different scenarios in which we are going to use the assessment technique and tools. Psychologists use instruments whose validity and reliability have been established for use with members of population which are being in research. Validity and reliability, individuals of one setting, individuals of a culture, individuals of another culture can be different. Maybe there are some norms, some tests, some items are meaningful for specific culture people but not for other culture people. For instance let's say if we see an eating attitude test, like E26, it contains items that I eat with a knife and knife, I eat with a certain manner. Now that mannerism, it could be different from one culture to another. If we look at a specific scenario in Pakistan, then maybe we don't see the use of knife and knife there which is very common in western cultures. So in such a situation, we need to modify those items or assess their reliability and validity. Or in the same way we can see a lot of examples which are different from other cultures. In their light, we modify our items or indigenously develop them. Then psychologists use assessment methods that are appropriate to an individual's language, preference and competence unless the use of alternate language is relevant to assessment issues. There are many tests which are made in different languages which is common to us like the tests made in English, we generally assume that we can do them easily or our population can understand them but not all of them. Even the literate population may not be able to understand different proverbs and verbs which are being used in technical terminology in western made tests. So we need to simplify them there and generally we use translated and adapted versions of questionnaires so that our indigenous population can understand them. And where there are words which we can replace like we can replace a church with a mosque or we can replace community welfare with a simple social activity and things like that. So we need to adapt them, we need to translate them according to our indigenous population for their better understanding. Then informed consent in assessment is also very important. Psychologists obtain informed consent for evaluation, diagnosis, services as well as assessment. They inform persons with questionable capacity to consent or for whom testing is mandated by government regulation or law about the nature and purpose of proposed assessment services. So whenever we are providing any kind of assessment, let's say if we are going to assess a child formally for autism in a center, we need to get consent from the parents that if we are going to test your child and we are going to include his name in a repository as an autistic child for this state, you are not going to mind that. So we have to see that whenever the assessment is involved, a formal procedure of assessment is involved, we need to seek an informed consent to take that data could be used further in any related manner and we secure it by seeking an informed consent so that we don't get any complaints on that later on. Because of this, you included the number of our participants in your statistics, although anonymous, it can still, of course, that will be contributing. Giving an example of an HIV positive individual, if we talk about the hospital setting, all the government hospitals when a registered participant comes, they give treatment. So if we see in assessment that HIV is positive, then we have to identify that individual and we have to get him registered for seeking further medical treatment. So this is how the things work with related to assessment and informed consent.