 इसरुटवार कै जवादाी लगता लगता है आजो अगावे यह दश्यकिए न ட़ेठ्याना उचार्जग। तब उन्बजाते अके ज़ाते आखा है। तब आखापि आपनी यह ज़ाते आप आपना खलागते है। सु we have to be careful क्यों कोंट से hidden traps है है which can come in our dacian effectiveness. इस मकसत के लिये we have to understand के there are sometimes bad dacians. उआप दो थाश्टन के एक बहतिलिन से बहतिलिन डश्टन भी वो गलती का शिकार वो हो सकता है. उस मकसत के लिये there are few things that we need to come up with for the detail. First thing which you need to understand is that bad decisions can damage a business and a career sometimes irreparably because बाजवकात हम आसे नुखसान का सामना कर बैटते हैं जहाँ से Revival आपके लिए मुमकिन नहीं होगा वहाँ से Recovery आपके लिए पोसीबल वह नहीं होती So decision making के अपर इतना ज़ादा emphasis इसलिये किया जारहा है के हम उन bad decisions को avoid कर सकें हम उन bad decisions को identify कर सकें और हम येज जान सकें के वो कोन से circumstances हो सकते हैं जिस में के the bad decisions can take place जिस में के decisions effectiveness can be reduced Now remember, decisions effectiveness के लिए the second thing which you need to understand के bad decisions can be traced back when the alternatives were not clearly defined तो हम उस वकत ही bad decisions के बारे में के जब हमने तमाम alternatives को properly elaborate नहीं किया properly discuss नहीं किया properly explore नहीं किया so remember alternatives are basically there to evaluate us for our decision making हमें येभी देकना होगा के हमने किं किन alternatives को pick किया उन alternatives के outcomes trade-offs associated factors वो क्या क्या थे because अगर हमने alternatives को properly defined नहीं किया properly elaborate नहीं किया तो तब हम bad decisions के तरव वो जासकते है the third phenomena in the decision making तो हमें जहन में रखना होगा वो ये है that bad decisions can be traced back when the right information was not collected अगर information deficiency हो information appropriate नहो information में असे filters लग जाए जो filters information को उसकी effectiveness में reduce कर दें obviously उस उन्फरमेशन पर बेस्ट आपका जो फैस्टा होगा वो नुक्सान दे हो सकता है वो खराब हो सकता है और बड़े से बड़ी corporation भी sometimes bad decisions का सामना वो कर लेती है the reason being के वहापर information की manipulation वो बहुत हत तक possible हो जाती है the fourth phenomena which we have to understand is that the bad decisions can be traced back when we are not able to evaluate things in terms of their opportunity cost and opportunity loss when we are not able to understand what is our benefit and what is our loss then obviously in that situation the bad decision is the outcome bad decision is the result during traveling towards that bad decision sometimes there can be certain heuristics heuristics means that there are certain judgmental shortcuts for example there can be stereotype there can be hollow effect there can be recency error there can be projection error many biases many prejudices can come in front of us which reduce the effectiveness of decision making so heuristics which are technically judgmental shortcuts what they can do is that the way the human brain can sabotage our decisions we will have to see how our mind can impact our decisions because in our mind many thoughts our cognitive part our belief system our value system these are all things our decision making will have an effect we use unconscious routines to cope with the complexity inherent in most decisions and for this purpose we have to go towards mindfulness exercises we have to visualize our psychodynamic developments that we can control our unconscious mind processes and we can trigger and develop conscious mind processes therefore remember that heuristics are sensory misperceptions biases and irrational anomalies in our thinking our thinking pattern the heuristics in our mind affect or impact like our selective perception last but not the least point is that the best defense is always awareness from any psychological trap and that is the same awareness about which we discuss our emotional intelligence we do being a mindful leader we have to be very careful in the perspective of our emotional intelligence we have to bring our self-awareness we have to learn self-control we have to take the support of empathy, motivation and social intelligence only then we have to overcome our heuristics and we will be able to do the right decision dear students if we conclude all this then being a leader being emotionally intelligent is very important every person will be emotionally intelligent but we need to make ourselves more intelligent on a conscious level only then we can overcome our biases, prejudices our heuristics thank you