 exosomes are small vesicles secreted by cells that contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These vesicles have been found to be able to target other cells, carrying their own content which can then alter the behavior of those cells. This has led to great interest in using exosomes as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Recent studies have focused on understanding how these vesicles are formed, what they contain, and how they interact with other cells. This article was authored by Yuan Zhong, Yun Feng Liu, Hai Ying Liu, and others.