 सर, देख हैं मुझे क्या मिला? जा एं? वरन्यर कलिबर इसे हम नकुज भी मैजो कर सकते हैं एक्जाक्ली जो से कि मैंने ये नाथ लीः क्या नाथ? ये नाथ लीः अगगगगग और औगगग जूदा नाथ लीः जुता थुता नाप लिया आदे जिवाय दिया था। अररीव है क्या लेए हरी भ aesthetics क्या लेए हरीव है वगा Many of us will have a main scale that goes from Zero, one, two, three, one It goes from zero, one, two, three, one it goes from zero, one, two, three, and so on It goes from zero, one, two, three, so on and this is just like any other scale You'll see, the main scale has 10 divisions between any two readings यह अदंने यह यह यह भोटु क्यों गडीग, यह वोटु मंदे लेग स्देगी है, तो वोटु मन कचाह कों भी आखते रही ब लिग मिरनीरनिर स्काच्टे. एक और वोटु, आप व یہता लोग करी देवग वोटु मेश्विर. इसके, तो combinations of 88 salted अकता में दिलrs एक ल् enthusiasts ऑिन लिंक,aborate और ज्� shadow प् twists और ख्योनम हաए उय ढीजांगे Malaysia ती pins या रेशी note उय शाम आई दें फुह ईस fic ॐ común ू। ू। ।। । ।। । and the logic behind this. Let's go. Ok, let's start our story from this. This is the standard configuration of a error-less versioner caliper. You'll see here that the zero of the vernier scale right here is coinciding with zero of the main scale. You'll also notice one thing. There are ten divisions in the vernier scale. So there are ten divisions in vernier scale. Please write it down.rite this- 10 Vsd,and this stands for vernier scale divisions..is equal to 9 M Sd,that means there are 9 main scale divisions which coincide with 10 vernier scale divisions. Now it's easy to calculate this one,why? Because we know one division right here because it's a standard scale..this length is one millimeters. So if I have 9 divisions in this,this total length right here becomes 9 mm. is the simple fact that this one division instead of being one mm is just .9 mm okay is just .9 mm now how does it help us let's move forward and figure it out so let's say you put something right here and you got a reading something like this so for example you have a pencil of a kind you plug between the vernier calipers and it fit in such a way that the zero of the vernier scale is somewhere between 10 mm and and this is the main scale so this is obviously one centimeter or 10 mm and this is 11 mm but you know that this zero is neither coinciding with 10 mm or 11 mm so your answer will lie somewhere between 10 mm and 11 mm so your answer would be something like 11.5 11.6 or something like that and how do i find that there is a very awesome process to find that okay so what i'm going to do is i'm gonna look for a situation okay where the main scale and the vernier scale divisions are coinciding so if i start counting from here so i know that zero obviously is not coinciding with anything one is not coinciding two is not coinciding three is coinciding that's awesome okay so if i find out this this distance and the distance from here till here i'll find something that is very useful to me so let me find out a different color to figure the distance out now this is the distance that i was initially looking for right so if it is all of this again you'll be able to understand see i already know the length of this whatever we are measuring right here is 10 mm up to here i need to figure out how much distance is this small distance to figure that out what i'm going to use is i'm going to find out what is the distance from here till here and here till here and if i subtract both of them if i subtract both of them i'll essentially get what is this green distance and that is what i'm looking for now finding out this distance is very very easy because i know in the main scale this is one mm okay so this is one two three so three into one mm gives me three mm so this total length right here is three mm okay whereas i also have the same three divisions one two three three divisions in the vernier scale but remember in vernier scale it's 0.9 mm so three into 0.9 mm gives me a 2.7 mm essentially so this small green distance that i need to that i needed to add right there is actually three mm minus 2.7 mm giving me 0.3 mm now this helps me to find out the actual length of this which is going to be 10 mm plus 0.3 mm giving me 10.3 mm okay now your question would be key every time i look at the vernier cal uh caliber do i need to do all these calculations the answer is no we have made uh simpler formulas to work this out but i did this uh so as because you needed to understand the logic on which vernier caliber works but uh how do we actually calculate it there is a shortcut to doing that and that i'm going to discuss next okay so for using this shortcut you have to find something called the least count okay and this is nothing but this is one minus main scale divisions divided by vernier scale division now what this formula means is that first you need to find out key what number of vernier scale divisions or main scale divisions is you know coinciding with the vernier scale divisions at the start so if you remember in the initial picture there were nine uh you know main scale divisions were coinciding with ten uh vernier scale divisions so if i plug in these values this becomes one minus nine by ten nine main scale divisions coincide with ten vernier scale divisions this gives me the least count of this device and how how much is that it's one tenth of a millimeter it's one tenth of a millimeter so after you find out the least count whenever you get a reading like this all you have to do is first so the steps are this first check msd okay first check main scale division so immediately you're going to know the length okay so this length obviously is going to be 10 millimeters this is 10 millimeters it's easy to find and it's just like any other normal scale that's the pointer is beyond one so i know okay this is 10 mm plus something the hard part is finding out the next bit in which you have to remember this formula key next you have to locate which vernier scale division is coinciding with the main scale and uh we know from this problem key this is the third one so this is the formula that you have to use main scale division okay main scale reading my back main scale reading plus least count multiplied by vernier scale divisions vernier scale division this is the formula you're going to use so if i use this formula right here so the main scale reading is 10 mm okay and we found out the least count for this device is 1 by 10 millimeters okay and the coinciding vernier scale divisions is 3 now if you plug that in you'll get 10 plus 0.3 that gives me the exact same result that's 10.3 millimeters okay so that's how you find out the reading in a vernier scale uh let's quickly check whether you understood uh how to use a vernier calipers for this i have taken some random readings let's try to figure out what are these readings okay so what you can do is pause and quickly find your answer and then check whether the answer is correct or not so for this one uh we can see key from here till here it's already 4 millimeters right uh i need to figure out how much this distance is so i know zero is not coinciding 1 2 3 4 5 and 6 is 6 divisions is where i see a direct coincide coinciding okay so that means it will be 4 mm from the main scale plus least count of this device which is same as 1 by 10 into 6 divisions right so that's 4 mm plus 0.6 mm giving me 4.6 mm as the length okay let's try to figure out the next one this next one there are so this is 1 centimeter right here so the total length from here till here is 1.2 centimeters so that's uh 12 millimeters essentially so in the main scale is already telling me that it's 12 millimeters long and plus something else from the vernier scale so i see that the eight vernier scale division is coinciding with the main scale right so that means 12 mm plus one tenth of eight divisions so that's 12 millimeters plus 0.8 giving me 12.8 mm as the answer okay so in this last question this length from here till here is let's say this is 15 16 17 18 and 19 so you will notice in the main scale there are 19 divisions so that's 19 millimeter right there so i have to add 19 millimeter to one tenth that's the least count and you will notice key the first division of the vernier scale itself uh coincides with the main scale so that's just one right there so the answer would be 19.1 millimeters okay so if you got all your answers correctly congratulations you know how to use a vernier caliper let's quickly talk about zero error as i have told you before positive zero error is when the zero of the vernier scale is actually to the right of the zero of the main scale okay now this would mean key even before i started measuring the length of something the scale is showing me some reading okay and i'm going to use the same exact process to find out msr the main scale reading plus the least count into the vernier scale reading okay so the main scale reading right here is zero so zero plus the least count for this device is one by 10 and the vernier scale divisions right here is if you check this uh you'll feel you'll see key the sixth division sixth vernier scale division is coinciding with the main scale so i'll write six here so that means in the beginning itself uh we have a reading of 0.6 mm okay so uh the scale which was supposed to start from zero mm it actually starts from 0.67 and what do i have to do at the end like for example if you measure something and you get your answer as let's say 2.6 mm using this faulty equipment you started measuring something and you get key the the the length of that object in this faulty equipment is 2.6 mm remember key you started without the scale that was already giving you 0.6 without anything right so 2.6 is a faulty reading so you have to subtract 0.6 extra uh reading which was there in the beginning itself giving me uh 2 mm as the answer so negative zero error is actually the opposite of positive zero error as in the vernier scale zero will be to the left of the main scale zero okay now the format for finding out the reading for the vernier scale is main scale reading plus least count into vernier scale reading okay but one thing you might have noticed from before is that this main scale reading is always to the left of the vernier scale right but uh so we have to imagine something right here so let's say this is 1 mm to the right okay so obviously from logic this would be minus 1 mm from uh from the uh to the to the left okay minus 1 mm to the left now the reason i'm doing this this ms at the the main scale reading is not to the right of the vernier scale it's always to the left of the vernier scale so i'm going to imagine minus one right there and i'm going to write it here so minus one is the uh is the reading in the main scale plus least count which is 1 by 10 and you will notice the vernier scale reading is uh four right here so the fourth division is actually coinciding with the main scale that gives me four divisions right there but that's minus 1 plus 0.4 okay so that gives me the reading of minus 0.6 millimeters so this is a faulty equipment okay which instead of starting at 0 mm it is starting at minus 0.6 mm so anything that you are measuring using this faulty device will always be under measured okay it will always be under measured so for example if you're using this faulty device if the reading for a particular body comes out to be three mm you have under measured it okay because instead of starting at 0 your scale started at minus 0.6 so you are under measuring this to compensate for this you have to add this zero error at the end so if you have a negative zero error add it at the end and this becomes 3.6 mm so your true value or your correct reading will actually be 3.6 mm okay so to summarize if you have a positive zero error so let me write this now so if you have a positive zero error and you know how to find that out okay you have to subtract at the end so you have to subtract at the end and when i say at the end i mean key when if you want if you're trying to find out the actual or the true uh measurement you have to subtract the positive zero after you find out the reading if you have a negative zero error negative zero error again i taught you how to find out negative zero error you have to add this reading at the end of the experiment okay so when you have when you're measuring using a equipment that has negative zero error then whatever negative zero error you get you have to add at the end okay so with that i'd like to conclude keep having a good day okay and keep working hard bye bye