NEHEL There's a case of Huntergatherer complexity, this is another complexity that's probably are old fashioned, nowadays, concept in Huntergatherer studies Ond roedd dysgu tyn nhw'n ddim y tro o'r gael o'r Rhifn gen i wnaeth i ddweud cael eu mynedion. Yn y gallu llawer o dynnu Cymru sy'n cyfal o gael ar gyfer Euramun i'r Serviw, ond yn y gallu unig mawr yma yn yr Ym wrthyn ni wedyn, bywyd y rhifn argynnu Cymru ar gyfan y Gymraeg, And this section of the river was dammed, at this point here with the Iron Gate's one dam and the Iron Gate's two 80 kilometres downstream. And archaeological surveys in advance of completion of those dams resulted in recognition of some 50-55 sites with mesolithic and or early neolithic occupation on them. If you study that in detail and wish you had time too, you will see that there are far more neolithic sites than there are Mesolithic sites, there are only about 20 sites of those 50 on Mesolithic occupation. Interestingly, most of those sites with Mesolithic occupation also have early Neolithic occupation. ac yn ystafell yn ymgyrch. Byddwn yw'r gweithio i'r ffyrdd, a'r gweithio i'r bwysig i'w Llywodraeth i bwysig i bobl. Mae'r ffyrdd yn gweithio'r bwysig, yn ymgyrch gweithio'r gweithiau, mae'n gwithio'r gweithiau, a'i wneud i gyd yn gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio, a fyddo i ddechrau i ddangos a gweithio yn ystod y llefwyr yn ysgolio'r ffeithio. Yn ystod yn ysgolio, yn ysgolio, yn ysgolio ar gyfer ymlaen ymlaen. Mae'r idea o'r cyfeisio i ddechrau'r ffeithio i ddweudio'r ffeithio yn ysgolio. Mae'r idea i gyda'u cyfnod mezzolithu, bywyd yn i gyd yn ddiddordeb yn y ddiddordeb am yma. Mae'r idea gan hyn oedd ystafell, yw ystafell mewn datblygaeth i'r rhwythryngau, i'r idea o'r ffordd cymaint i'r cyflwyngau cyflwyngau a'r bywyd. Wel, mae'r cyfnod ar gyfer archiologiol yw'r cyflexyd? Mae'r cyfnod ar gyfer y prysau a'r idea yw'r cyfnod, ac mae'n gweithio'r cyfnod, a'r ddechrau'r ddodol, ac mae'r ddodol o'r rydw i'r cyfnod. A'r cwestiynau, mae'r ddodol o'r ddodol o'r cyfnod yn y cyfnod ar gyfer archiologiol yw'r cyfnod? Mae'r cyfnod ar ychydig, yma ar grwmpiais agl piercingol yw agligerd, ac mae'r rydw i'r grwmpiais agligerd, ond mae'.r'r cyfnod ar bobl, yn gweithio'r cyn alteis, ar ar gyfer grwmpiais, mae'r cymhwygar yw'r cyfnod ac yna yn gweithio, mae'r cyfnod ar gyfer archiolog, a yma ar y pwyntwn fath, mae'r cyfnod ar gyfer o'r cyffnod, Rwy'n dweud eich i, fel oed am rydyn ni'n gennym yn gweld o'r 1990s, ydym yn i gael gwkeilio hunodau a llachau. Gidegwch i'r blaenau a'r trofnegf kas i'r hyffyddiad i fynd i gael ycing, i'w gweithio, i ffinsiau, a'u llachau i'r bobl i'r hyffyddiad. Diolch yn fawr, Adela Byr yn cofnod i ddim yn ddifrif i gyfweld a dyfodol i'r gael, ond ydych chi'n edrych ar gyfer y banyddol, ond y ddweud o'r llei fathion ei wneud yn gadael, ond mewn ffwrdd y ddiolch yn ei wneud yn ddifrif. Rwy'n meddwl â'r ddechrau dechrau mewn i Gwaith, ond mae'n cymdwylliant i'r ddechrau at y bobl sydd yw'r cynnig yn ddifrif. Wel, mae'n meddwl ei ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddigwyd, 12000 oedd, 12500 o arian. There's no clear way of dividing up the meselithic into stages in terms of cultural changes. So, we use the climatic record. So, for the sake of argument, we say early meselithic is the late place. You're middle meselithic is the period between the young to die rise and the 9.3K event, and then late meselithic between the 9.3 and the 8.2. ac mae'n gweld y 8,2 yn y pepper gan drwyg. Felly mae'n gwisio i gydechrau yaynici, a pwysigio bod chi'n cyffredig ei ddyliad ar y bwyd mlynedd. Ynogi, mae bwysig ei bwysig oedd iawn yn ein bwysig yn f Otherfyn, mewn eu cyffredig ar y... Yn y gallw'r cyrchaf, ac mae'n ystafell o unrhyw cynnoddiadol yng Nghyrprifesedd Ames Radio Carbon o'r cyflawn, a os ydych chi'n bwysig, y gweithio'r stafellau cyrchaf o'r gyflawn cyflawn. Yr hyn o beth ar gyfer ymlaen, y cyfrifio ar gyfer ymlaen, y cyfrifio ar gyfer ymlaen i cramio'r gyfrifio. Mae'n ddweud o'r wych yn y Gagog Lleith. Mae'n gweithfyrdd sydd y gyd-egaf iawn i gael gwasanaeth yma. Mae'n ddweud o'r rhaglen gan y cyfnod. Mae'n ddweud i gael gwasanaeth yma. Mae'n gofynu'n gwaith i gael'r dynnu'u gwahanol. Yn y gwasanaeth yn ddweud i ddweud i gael gweith ag hyd yn y Gagog Lleith i gael gwasanaeth yma, mae'n gweithfyrdd a'n gweithfyrdd i gael gwaith i gael gwasanaeth yma. elli, mwy o'r arnoch, yn gweithio amhaith, ymlaenwch yn ffysg ychydig i'r hath. Y hwyl yn ymddangos i'w ahirweith yw o'r amlant i bidio a'r ffordd yma? Mae'r iawn y cymaint yn beth amlaenwch, menner ac dros hynny, y wneud a'r amlant a', oes deis. Mae'n adroddau hynny yn digwyddio ar y hwnnw. I think there's been a bit argument about what the sulphur isotopes actually mean, but I think one thing we can get from the sulphur isotopes is it shows that things are more complex than we thought based on carbon and nitrogen. And what we can say from the sulphur is that there seems to be a being in the course of the mesolithic in the Iron Gates an increase in dependence on fishing. They were always fishing right from the Lake Glacier, but there was an increase in dependence on fishing. I can't go into great detail. In parallel with that, we've got this, it's not my term, like Duchamp Borrach uses this term, fish-related symbolism. This, along with the increase in dependence on fishing, we see this fish-related symbolism coming into the Iron Gates. It's reflected, in fact, in the presence of siphonid teeth in burials. Duchamp Borrach and Manuel Christiani wrote about this in the context of Lasat. This is a little reconstruction where these pharyngeal teeth, or the tops of them, broken out of the pharyngeal bone of carp, or a particular species of carp, are probably sewn. We know they were sewn on to skin, or textile, clothing, or garments. And it wasn't just for burial. They found in burials, but it wasn't just for burial, because these things that we've shown are very, very heavily worn, and they must have been worn over a long, long period in life. And that, of course, they don't understand. We've got the carved boulders from Lepanskivir. And all this is a late phenomenon. This comes in about 7,200 BC, about 1,000 years before the beginning of the following. So this goes along with the ice-tope evidence for increased dependence on fishing. Now, your round occupation in the Iron Gates seems to me would have been as unlikely without food storage. Living in one place in a big group all year round would have been difficult without some form of food storage. Although the fish are there year round, catching them is not easy at certain times of year, and there are particular times of year when you think of sturgeon migration, sturgeon coming out from the Black Sea, when you can exploit the sturgeon and other times of year when they're not there. So winter would have been a lean time for anybody fishing in the Danube. It was difficult to catch carp and catfish in the winter. So without food storage, you're going to have difficulty. That's a sturgeon, a beluga, I believe. If you go to Verdina, you wouldn't have to translate that. It's quite an amusing comment. But do we get storage facilities in the Iron Gates? Well, not that we can recognise archaeologically. But, as I pointed out in front before, people kept dogs in the Iron Gates, in the Iron Gates Meslithic. They kept dogs in large numbers, and they ate dogs in large numbers because dog bones were found, butchery marks on them and so forth. I've pointed out before that this is an indirect form of storage. The dogs will scammage around the site, will basically feed themselves on the human food refuse, and then at times when you haven't got the fish, you eat the dogs. Now, the ethnographic record for hunter-gradders will probably show us that when people are living in one place for a longer period of time in bigger groups, they tend to get a greater investment in structuring of the use of space, the way in which huts or houses are arranged. And we can see this in a sense, if we accept the Trapezole plan buildings, Lepensky Beer and Paddenham, as houses or huts, you can see how it's all neatly arranged, particularly in Lepensky Beer and Rhodes. But that, again, is a very late phenomenon in the Iron Gates, in fact, having that there's some question as to whether this is meslithic or neolithic. There was a big argument that's even a question as to whether this is meslithic or neolithic. It's a big argument, but I think it's now fairly certain. The Trapezole plan buildings at Lepensky Beer are final meslithic, and it may also be the same at Paddenham. The radio problem dates, and I'm not clear enough to tell us. If we go back a bit earlier into the late meslithic here, places like Blasats, and the Carter and Scalae Cloud would be on the Romanian bank, yes, we have evidence of Trapezole plan buildings, but not like this. It's very few. And because the sites haven't been excavated as extensively as Lepensky Beer and Blasats, we can't really say how regular the arrangement of these buildings was. But my impression is that there are far fewer buildings and they're not regularly arranged in these sites. Certainly not at Scalae Cloud would be a requirement. When you go back even earlier into the early meslithic, we haven't got any obvious butt structures. But, having said that, there's all the activity that goes on on these sites, which are being intermittently occupied throughout the meslithic. So, neolithic and late meslithic occupation tends to destroy early meslithic occupation. Seasonality? Nobody really looks at this until recently. Besnith Dimitriovic and colleagues have looked at this. There have been very few studies. What they concluded was that the sites they looked at and there was very little evidence were occupied year round. The seasonal indicators did indicate occupation at different times of year. And again, they thought that they only found this in the late meslithic. So, in conclusion, the evidence points to, I think, greater emphasis on fishing in the late final meslithic. Possibly an increased investment in the structuring of settlement space. I think in what we see at the peninsula here in Padana. By implication, perhaps larger group size and sedentism. But, I don't think we can rule out sedentism in the early meslithic here. Thank you.