 The microbiota has been linked to breast cancer, with some studies suggesting it could play a role in the development or progression of the disease. Estrogen-like compounds produced by certain types of bacteria have been found to influence the levels of estrogen in the body, which could increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Additionally, environmental and dietary endocrine disruptors and phytoestrogens can interact with the microbiota, potentially affecting its composition and function. These interactions could lead to changes in the levels of estrogen-like compounds in the body, increasing the risk of developing breast cancer. This article was authored by Alessio Filippone, Cristina Rossi, Maria Maddalena Rossi, and others.