 فشرف بيل اشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دا دا دا لا وياله من شراف عظيم الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل وشدوى لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهدي السبيل وشدوى النسيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتهبيعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله تعالى we're going to start الشرح of نخبة الفكر في مصطلحي أهل الأثر written by الحافظ ابن حجر العسغلاني ورحمه الله we'll be finishing this book all of it إن شاء الله تعالى today بإذن الله الكريم so the speed and the pace which I will be going might be a bit too fast for many of you but insha'Allah تعالى later I will open questions and answers for each and every one of you إن شاء الله تعالى سم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم قائل الحافظ ابن حجر الرحمن الله تعالى في كتابه نفت الفكر في مصطلحي أهل الأثر بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله الذي لم يزل عالماً قديرا وصلى الله عليه وسلم سيدنا محمد محمد الذي يوصله إلى الناس بشيره ونريره وعلى آل محمد وصحبي وسلمة سلم كفي رحمه الله the author of his book started his book with the basmala and then he second thing he mentioned was the hamdala and the third thing that he mentioned which was الصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد sending salutation and peace on the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم so he started with the basmala by saying بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم and then after that كذاك الله خيرا and then after that he mentions the hamdala ثلاثة التي يتكلمها هي الصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ثلاثة تقول أنما بعد أن تفعل نعم فإن التصانيفة في صلاحي أهل الحديث قد كاثرات وبوسطات وخطصيرات وخطصيرات المصطلح فسألني بعض الإخوانيان ولخي صلاه المهم من ذلك فأجبته فأجبته إلى سؤاله رجاء الإندراج في تلك المسالة فأقول فأقول فأقول فأقول فأقول فأقول فأقول فأقول فأقول فأقول lớفي أعارت بأي أسبوع. ازالت أنتما مات about is two types, two headings that falls under. The first one is تقسيم الخبار بعتبار وصوله لنا looking at the grammar in how ... it reached us. So you're looking at the ...اقسيم الخبار بعتبار من أسندا إليه. The second is looking at the ... تقسيم الخبار بعتبار من أسندا إليه. انتظر على الخبر في حيث انه هو اصدقائه من هذا الوصول الذي يصدقائه؟ أخي هل أنت معي؟ أول هو بإعتباري ووصولي إلينا كيف هذا الوصول يأتي؟ كيف؟ هذا هو أول أول هو انتظر على الخبر في حيث انه هو يصدقائه من هذا الوصول هل أنت معي أخي؟ تذكروا أن أخرج هذا إضافوا ذلك من أصدقائه والأصدقائه سيكون في الألوان سوف نحصل على الأول كيف حدث الخبر يأتي؟ هذا سيكون المبحث ويصدقائه جسد من العلم الحديث مصطلح الحديث هل أنت معي؟ كيف حدثنا؟ هذا الآن يتقل كيف حدث الخبر يأتي؟ يتقل على أعلى هل أنت معي أخي؟ هل أنت معي أخي؟ كيف حدث الخبر يأتي؟ يتقل على أعلى أول هو كيف حدث الخبر يأتي؟ إما أن يكون له طرق بلا عدد وعيان يأتي لك في ملتوتور لديك ممتاز لا تستطيع أن تصدقائه هذا ممتاز هذا هو أول هل أنت معي أخي؟ كيف حدث أخي؟ كيف حدث؟ أكثر أول هو لا يوجد ممتاز هذا أول وماذا يسمى؟ موتواتر هل أنت معي؟ أول هو يأتي لك مع ممتاز هذا أول يحسن يأتي لك ممتاز يسمى حد لا يوجد ممتاز للمتاز لا يوجد يوجد ممتاز لأن التقسيمات أنها تأتي لن يجعل أي منها هل أنت معي؟ لذا فقط نخططها كما هو يأتي لك ممتاز وممتاز يأتي لك ممتاز أو ممتاز بما فوق الإثناني يأتي لك ممتاز ثلاثة أول هو مشهور وهو المستفيد على رأي وممتاز يسمى مستفيد يسمى سنينم مشهور أو مستفيد أيضاً ومالذي تريد ومالذي تريد على رأي ثلاثة العزيز أسف أسف أسف أسف مشهور أو مستفيد على رأي أسف أسف عزيز أسف أسف أسف أو بهما يعني أسف وليس الشرطة للصحيح خلافاً لمن زعمه أمير صرعالي يقول وليس الشرطة للصحيح فعلمي وقد رومي منقال بالتوهومي أني ستوكر باب عبدالله يحاكم بالنسبوري وقال فأو حديث يكون أثنتي يكون صحيح بخاريز حديث يكون what عزيز أو حديث بخاري أخبري وخاريز وخاريز وخاريز وقال وقد رومي منقال بالتوهومي ومن who said بخاريز أحديث يجب عزيز is how much 2 2 2 2 2 2 مشهور was what 3 or more as long as it doesn't reach حد التواتور it doesn't read multitude so it's 3 4 5 something like that are you with me something up to 10 3 to 10 is مشهور 2 is what is عزيز and 1 which is the third type the third type of Ahad what's the third type of Ahad غريب and it's only one person and it reads it so they refuted it by saying the first hadith of صحيح البخاري is what غريب right this book by the way حافظ من حجر اللفة الحافظ في حالي السفر وهو شهاب من علي من حجر طالعتها يوم من الأيام فشتقتوا أن أوديعها النظام فتم من بكرة ذاك اليوم إلى المساعدة وفودي نوم مشتامل على الذي حواه فالحمد للرحمان لا سواه من حجر wrote this book while he was traveling هذا كتاب لخبط فكره هو جايني هو جايني هو رايدين بيست لم يكن هناك أي مراجع أن يذهب بك فقط قد قلته للمساعدة هذا صحيح صحيح ونأخذنا سوف نأخذنا كيفا أتمنى أتمنى أن أبدأ من الآن أبدأ بسرعة إذا كنت أفرح إن شاء الله سوف ننتقل افرح now كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news كم is the news المت대م創هة لنا المترشة بالفقات انا لدينا ر too much number وصلنا بشكل مدينة وصلنا بشكل وصلنا بشكل مدينة وصلنا بشكل بشكل وصلنا بشكل لدينا وصلنا لذلك اوثلية خطأ هنا ووثلية مع كل Cut وفيها المقبول و المردود ولمقبول خطأ ومجوهة على العميز يعمل بشكل أخذة هل سمعت معي يا أبي ؟ لذا the Ahad is categorized into two. The Ahad, we said it's what? Ahad is we said it's what? Three, right? Are you with me brothers? That three that we categorized it is in terms of how it's the number of narrators. So the Ahad literally, I did a mistake I should have said, is that the Ahad is literally categorized into two. The Ahad originally is categorized into two. The first part is in terms of its number and under that one falls مشهور عزيز and غريب. Does that make sense everybody? In terms of its number. So Ahad is categorized into two. This is my mistake I'm sorry. Ahad is categorized into two. In terms of its number and that is three. That's where the مشهور, the عزيز and the غريب fall under. Are you with me brothers? The second part is بِعْتِبَارِ قُوَتِهِ وَضَعْفِهِ In terms of its strength and in terms of its weakness. In terms of its strength and in terms of its weakness. Are you with me brothers? That's what Hafد محجز is trying to tell you here. He categorized it into two in here right now. Does everybody understand brothers? Let me break it down again one more time. Ahad is categorized into two. This was a mistake I did. It's two. The first one is in terms of its بِعْتِبَارِ عددِ طُرُقِهِ In terms of the number of its narrations. The amount. This is three. One that's unrestricted which is متواتر. One and the other one that's what. That was متواتر. Ahad is restricted all of it. So one that's restricted to what? Three to ten. Restricted to two. And restricted to what? One. Are we all together brothers? كريستو كلي. Now we move on to the second type of Ahad. Ahad in terms of its strength and in terms of its weakness. Are you with me brothers? Do you have a question? مقبول المردود. Then pay attention. The Ahad. In terms of how the amount that Ahad reached us. What did we say it was? The Ahad in terms of the amount in which it reached us. We said it's how much? Three. In terms of its strength and weakness is two. In terms of its strength and its weakness it's two. That's مقبول المردود. مقبول المردود. The Ahad in terms of its strength and its weakness is how much? Two. What is it مقبول and مردود. Are you with me brothers? Very good. That's so far what it told us. Now the author goes into another point. Do you guys understand? That's the whole page what it is. Now the Ahad and the متواتر. The متواتر has what is known as علم اليقيني. Certainty knowledge. If somebody comes up to you and tells you something. And another person comes up and tells you. And another person comes up and tells you. And another person comes up and tells you. And another person tells you. And another person tells you. A hundred people tell you the same thing. What does it become to you? Certainty. Who's been to China here? But do you believe there's China today? Are you doubt in any state of doubt that China exists or not? Are you all 100% sure there's a country called China in the world? But you've never been there. This is متواتر. Multitude narration. They can't take a lie. Multitude. This is يقين. You're certain. You're certain. You know you're going to die one day in China. Is there somebody who doubts China now? He's a brother. And I'm certain if you talk about it too much it becomes doubt, right? Are we all certain? Now, there's another type of knowledge which is called علمو نظري. Observation of knowledge. Which a person needs to go out and slightly research. أحاد is it needs its نظري. It needs research. That's why authentication and weakening can enter أحاد. متواتر is يقين. It's passed a level of observation. Does that make sense brothers? Now the author then mentions... نعم. Now the author went back to something. He went back to the أحاد in terms of its amount. How much did we divide it into? Because we keep going back to the point. Because that's how it is. Now the author goes back to the أحاد. He goes back to the أحاد in terms of its amount. How much did we divide it into? Because we keep going back to the point. That's how it is. The أحاد in terms of its what? In terms of its amount? How many do we divide it into? Brothers, this class is not just me talking now. It's an engaging. Everybody I ask you have to answer. I'm picking. I'm going to pick up people. The أحاد we said we categorize into two. In terms of its amount, right? How much did we say it was? In terms of its amount? Three. What were they? مشور. أزيز. غريب. Now the author went back to غريب. And he categorized the غريب into two. غريب and فرد are the same, right? They are synonyms. غريب and فرد are معنى وحد. Are you with me brothers? So the غريب is two types. غريب which is known as غريب مطلق. Unrestricted غريب. And that's the one that happens in the beginning of the chain. In the beginning of the chain. From the profit onwards it becomes. And it becomes. It becomes غريب. Only one companion narrates it. Some scholars, they say, no, you can't start with a companion. You start with a tabiri. Some people scholars do say that. Like from the tabiri onwards it becomes one narrator. So from the tabiri it's one narrator. Whereas the nispy one is that it becomes singular within the narration. Somewhere within the narration which is below the tabiri. So for example. A hundred people Are you with me? Narrate that I'm drinking this tea. And one person narrates from them. Are you with me? This is called فرد نسبي. The second is called فرد نسبي. It got restricted. The million got restricted to one person. Are you with me brothers? But what about if one person narrated from me that I was drinking this water? And that one person millions narrated from him. Yeah? Do you see the difference? If it from the prophet onwards so if the multitude if the large amount starts from the top and it becomes singular within the narration is called فرد نسبي but if it becomes singular from the beginning of the chain is called فرد مطلق unrestricted. Does that make sense? Pay attention now. If a hundred people narrated from the prophet a hundred people narrated from the prophet then one طابع narrated from all of them. What's this quote? One hundred narrated from the prophet but only one طابع narrated from them. He only narrated it. The minimum is always what the حديث is going to be called. If every chain of the حديث is multitude, multitude, multitude, multitude and one place it becomes singular it's called singular and that's the amount it's going to be. It's the minimum. Are you with me brothers? And it's called فرد نسبي in accordance to this individual Are you with me brothers? That's what the author mentions in that line. Let's move on now. Now the author, رحم الله How much should we divide the حديث in terms of its strength and weakness? How much should we divide it to? What were they? مقبول and what? مقبول means they accept it and مردول means rejected, right? Let's go back to the مقبول. The author now has entered the chapter called the مقبول. The مقبول is categorized into two. The مقبول is categorized and broken into two. The first one is called مقبول is called تقصيمه باعتباري مراتبي The first one is in terms of its levels In terms of its باعتباري باعتباري مراتبي In terms of its levels Are you with me brothers? And that one which is in terms of its level Is categorized into two. صحيحا حسن Are you with me brothers? So the حديث which is The حديث which in terms of its strength and weakness How much have we categorized into? مقبول and مردول The accepted and the rejected Only dismissed The accepted The accepted we categorized into how much? Two. What was the first one? In terms of its In terms of its level In terms of its level how much have we categorized into? Two. What are they? صحيحا صحيح is categorized into two حسن is categorized into two صحيح is the two that is categorized حسن is categorized into two Let me go back The صحيح is categorized into two The first one is authentic in and within itself And the second one is authentic with external help حسن on the other hand is two حسن within and within itself And حسن with external help Does that make sense? The author here is talking about صحيح He's going to be speaking about صحيح حسن For both of them Are you with me brothers? We're not going to take the definition So what does صحيح mean? What's the hadith which is صحيح? Before I move on, are we all together now? Crystal clear? The hadith which is صحيح has Two descriptions The hadith which is صحيح has two descriptions اوصاف ثبوتية And اوصاف عدمية اوصاف ثبوتية means characteristics that we need to affirm Characteristics that we need to affirm And that's three Three things is what you have to affirm for it A hadith which is صحيح Two characteristics have to be affirmed for it The first one is Sorry, it has to have two characteristics Any hadith which is صحيح has to have Two descriptions The first one is Descriptions which are affirmation اوصاف ثبوتية And three things is what you have to affirm for it One, are you all together? Can somebody guess what it is? اتصال السنة The chain of narration has to be connected Second, the narrators have to have Precise integrity In other words, they have to be reliable الحمق الله The third is Precision in their memory They have to have precision in their memory اتصال السنة تامل عدالة كريستوكلي Brothers, are you with me? Those are the three characteristics that have to be present in that hadith There are two characteristics which are known as عدمية Meaning they have to be dismissed And they can't be found And they should not be present in the hadith What is the first one? غير معلل ونشاذ Two, شقان تبي معلل It can't be a defect in the hadith And the second is It can't have opposition Then the author started to speak about The comparing بخاري and مسلم And the author, he said Which one is the highest ومن ثم قدما صحيح البخاري ثم مسلم بخاري is high above مسلم Who is high above مسلمه? Are you with me brothers? Why is it higher than him? I don't want you guys to be parrots Parrots are ones who just repeat things We want to understand Why do you guys think that بخاري is higher than مسلم? Extra condition, are you anyone else? Better memory Are you who else? Proceeded him, what else? More precision Go back to the conditions of authenticity And look at Whose conditions of صحيح was most stronger Because we are saying that بخاري is better than مسلم And in terms of authenticity Did we not just talk about what the condition of authenticity is What were the three things that had to be found It is Salih said that بخاري is better One, second was what? The narrators Handpicked by بخاري He chose them Handpicked them better than مسلم And he said Above the memory of those who we took from So the Hadith revolves around two things Right? بخاري رحم الله The chain of صحيح بخاري is better Because he added an extra addition that مسلم didn't want to take Which is the issue of عنا عنا We are going to come to it Are you with me brothers? The second one was the narrators that were narrating it right The scholars who criticized بخاري and مسلم They found There are three scholars who criticized مسلم and بخاري One أرمام الدار القطري Two أبو مسعود الدمشقي Three أبو علي أبو علي الجياني رحمه الله Those three were the ones who criticized بخاري and مسلم's works They found three of them Big noble imams These three The narrators they criticized From مسلم more in number Than those which they criticized in صحيح البخاري Are you with me? Brothers And that's the narrators Are you with me brothers? As for the connection of the chain Then مسلم Has a lower condition Than what are imams and بخاري's condition بخاري's extra condition Are you with me? Anyone who's a modeless We're going to see it I don't want to confuse you guys بخاري رحمه الله he conditioned They have to have met each other even if it's once As for مسلم مجرد المعاصل So who's better here? You get it brothers now But مسلم is better In terms of how he wrote his book The way he organized it The way he structured it So that's what the scholars they say لقد تشاجر أقومن في البخاري ومسلمن فقالوا أي دين تقدموا A group of scholars they differed amongst themselves Who's better بخاري or مسلم لقد فقال بخاري وصحة البخاري Past مسلم in terms of authenticity كما فقال مسلم وصنعته But مسلم passed him in terms of How he wrote his book It's easy to memorize صحر مسلم Than it is to memorize صحر بخاري The way he chapted it The way he organized Why is مسلم better than بخاري Because مسلم wrote his صحيح In his own comfort In his own house بخاري was writing Whilst running around Being in narrations He was writing صحر Does that make sense مسلم wrote it in his own house Where he had his other مراجع He could verify He could check He could take He could push He could pull مسلم didn't have all of that He was doing it in the heat Than in the sun Out and about While he was taking narrations From people's mouths He was writing صحر Of course the organization For him is going to be different Now Does everybody understand what I'm saying Are you with me brothers Before you move Let's move to صحر حسن now We mentioned صحر Let's go to حسن حسن is what Go back to the حديث Which is صحيح I don't want to Dictate everything for you guys Go back to the conditions I gave you صحيح What were the three conditions That have to be found Chain of narration Has to be connected The same is for حسن What else The narrators have to have 100% integrity The integrity has to be On point right Sorry the حسن Has to have the same What's the third The memory has to be حسن doesn't have to be precise If it's slightly lower خفيفة ببط Are you with me brothers If the memory is not 100% 80% 70% 60% As long as it's that What is it It's حسن So حسن and صحيح If somebody asks What's the difference between صحيح and حسن All you say is the memory Everything else is the same Are you with me So it has to be خفة ببط If the memory has to be Slightly low It has to be Are you with me brothers نصحيح That's لداته Are you with me نصحيح That's لداته Which is known as حديث Which is صحيح Which is صحيح In and within itself It has all of those Which I mentioned The three are present And the two are missing It doesn't need any help From anybody It is doing its own job Are you brothers Are you there brothers But if the memory goes down What has it now become Which حسن حسن و لداته It fell below It's become حسن And it's حسن و لداته If many other Rewires come and support it What does it become صحيح اللي غيره Does that make sense It becomes صحيح That has external help now It's حسن Which is خفيف و لداته The memory is slightly low But it has come so much in number It becomes صحيح اللي غيره It becomes صحيح اللي غيره What about And of course What's going to help it And support it The sheikh is going to bring it later The narrations that are going to help it And push it To become صحيح اللي غيره Have to be like it Or higher than it Are you with me His weakness can't be سبيع اللي يشتد ضعفه Is a condition What about if a hadith is weak And it's weakness Is not سبيع It's weak And it's weakness is not سبيع We'll touch on what it means That the weakness is not سبيع And another one comes And it's weakness What's the hadith that's weak ضعيف What about if many weak narrations come together Many weak narrations come together Which is weakness is not سبيع What does it become حسن اللي غيره It's called حسن اللي غيره It's many weak narrations that came together That supported it Does that make sense brothers Not rocket science Very simple Science is very easy نعم رحمه الله تعالى فإن جمعا فلتردد في الناقل حيث التفرد وإلا فبعتبالي سنادي نعم إيمان باي the name of tirmidi came And he said حديث حسن صحيح هل you guys see now هل you guys see tirmidi What does he do He says this hadith is حسن صحيح كيف يا شخ We've just learned حسن is one thing صحيح is another thing How do we bring You and me brothers هل you guys just learned There's a difference between صحيح and حسن What's the difference The memory The precision is different right So how do we reconcile it إيمان حديث told you two reasons Why he would say that The first one is لتردد The hadith So the first one is The first reason is The hadith has only one chain of narration This hadith has only got one chain of narration And إيمان حديث Is skeptical Of whether it's صحيح Or it's حسن So when he brings it to you By صحيح حسن He means صحيح Does that make sense فلتردد Is in state of Uncertainty It doesn't know whether it's صحيح Or it's حسن He hasn't made his mind up So he's putting it out there for you to know That's when the narration is what When it's one senate Are you there brothers The second situation is If it has two chains And يقول له إسناداني It has two isnads Then what he means is أحدهم حسن One of them is حسن And the other one is صحيح Are you with me brothers Due to the time Due to the time I would have gone through that state And I would have seen Is that consistent in soon any termini Is that how he always does it You'd find that that's not the case Are you with me brothers Are you there brothers I stood over to the middle He said it and said it To look at each senate He brings حسن صحيح Every narration that it has become حسن صحيح I stood over it And that is not قاعدة مضطردة What's in حجر brings here Is not But for us to come after For us to go in now It's going to confuse you all But just to know That there's more research That's needed here نعم Pay attention here The author now is still going into صحيح He's just trying to give you When I mentioned صحيح What did I say That two things have to be what Two things have to be absent عصاف عدنية We don't want these characteristics What were they شاد and what He now went back to شاد He's talking about شاد Are you with me brothers شاد was what Opposition This person is opposing The opposition is too مخالفة الثقة اللي بد هو أو ثقو منه Is a person who's reliable Integrity is in place He is opposing A person who is More than him More than him