 The abstract background section provides an overview of the problem of knowledge translation in healthcare. It discusses the lack of transfer of research findings into practice and policy, which can lead to patient harm and wasteful spending. The paper then outlines five key questions related to knowledge translation, including what should be transferred, to whom it should be transferred, who should do the transferring, how it should be done, and with what effect. The paper concludes by suggesting that knowledge translation should focus on up-to-date systematic reviews or other synthesis of research findings tailored to different target audiences. This article was authored by Grimshaw Jeremy M, Eccles Martin P, Lavise John N, and others.