 Well, hello everyone. Good morning. Good afternoon or good evening, depending on where you're joining us from today. For those of you in Canada, I know you're taking a moment of silence right now to commemorate all the veterans, and we will join you in that for a few moments. Moving on, welcome to Engineering for Change, everyone, or E4C for short. Today, we're very pleased to bring you the latest in E4C's 2015 webinar series. Our webinar will focus today on sustainable design learning and practical applications of whole systems thinking. We've developed this webinar with our collaborators at the Autodesk Foundation. My name is Yonah Aranda, and I will be moderating this webinar along with our colleagues from Autodesk. When I'm not doing this, I work with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and Engineering for Change, where I am the director of programs. Now, I'd like to take a moment to tell you a bit about today's webinar. Reducing environmental impact, your product design requires new strategies and tools. Today, Autodesk offers free online resources that can help you design for energy efficiency, use greener materials, and simulate your product performance. We've invited Mike Alcazan, an application engineer for the Autodesk education team, my apologies, to provide an overview of the latest tools available. To shed more light on whole systems thinking as a design strategy, we'll have Jim Core, the founder and president of Core Ecologic, share his insights on how he was able to minimize the energy use of the Irby, said to be the world's greenest car. They will be joined by our moderator, Katie Evans, who is a sustainable design education program manager at Autodesk. Welcome everyone, and thank you for joining us today. Before we get rolling, I'd also like to take a moment to recognize the coordinators of the E4C webinar series, generally. Along with myself, we have Mike Mater of ASME, Holly Schneider Brown, Jackie Halladay, and Shirley Chang of IEEE. All of us work together on developing and delivering the webinars. Thank you, team. If anybody out there has questions about the series, or would like to make a recommendation for future topics and speakers, we invite you to contact us via the email address visible on the slide, webinars at engineeringforchange.org. Now, before we get moving to our presenters, I'd like to tell you a bit about E4C and who we are. E4C is a knowledge hub and global community of nearly 1 million engineers, designers, development practitioners, and social scientists leveraging technology to solve quality of life challenges faced by underserved communities. These can include access to clean water and sanitation, sustainable energy, improved agriculture and housing, and more. We invite you to join E4C by becoming a member. E4C membership provides cost-free access to relevant and current news, professional development resources such as the webinar you're on today, and a growing inventory of field-tested solutions through our Solutions Library. E4C members enjoy a unique user experience based on their site behavior and engagement. Essentially, the more you interact with our site, the better we will be able to serve you resources that meet your needs and interests. We invite you to join our passionate global community and contribute to making people's lives better across the world. Please check out our website that you'll see listed there, engineeringforchange.org, to learn more and sign up. Now, the webinar you're participating in today is part of our professional development offerings. The E4C webinar series is a free, publicly available series of online seminars showcasing the best practices and thinking of development practitioners and designers. Information on upcoming installments in this series, as well as archive videos of past presentations can be found on our site, as well as on our YouTube channel. If you're following us today on Twitter, I'd also like to invite you to join the conversation with our dedicated hashtag, hashtag E4C webinars. So, a few housekeeping items before we get started. Let's see where everyone is from today. In the chat window, which is located at the bottom right of your screen, please type in your location. I will go ahead and get us started. I am calling in from Brooklyn, New York. There we go. I see some of you already coming in, Alabama, Pennsylvania, Minnesota. And I see some of you are also answering to the Q&A. Please do use the chat window. We have all over the United States, so far, New Jersey, Tennessee, Indiana. How exciting to have you all here. Join us in Pakistan, not in the USA. We welcome you. So, move it forward. If the chat window is not open on your screen, you can access it by clicking the chat icon at the top right corner of the screen. So, please do that. Any technical questions or administrative problems should go in the chat window. Feel free to send a private chat to the Engineering for Change admin if you have any issues. You can also use the chat window to type any remarks you have. During the webinar, we encourage you to use the Q&A window, which is located immediately below the chat, to type in your questions to the presenter. Again, if you don't see this, you can access it by clicking the Q&A icon on the top right hand corner. Oh, wow, Egypt, Philadelphia, Pakistan, Malaysia. This is incredible. Thank you all for joining us. The Q&A window is a great way for us to keep track of your questions so nothing is lost and make sure we address everything. If you are listening to the audio broadcast and you have any trouble, try hitting stop and then start. You may also want to try opening WebEx up in a different browser. Following the webinar, to request a certificate of completion showing one professional development hour, PDH, for this session, please follow the instructions on the top of the E4C professional development page. I apologize, it says the wrong link, but you can definitely get to it from our Engineering for Change webinars page. If you have any trouble, you can also email us or we'll put up the corrected link in the chat window. Now, with that, it is my pleasure to introduce today's my co-moderator, Katie Evans, who is the Sustainable Design Education Program Manager at Autodesk. After graduation from UCLA, Katie explored a number of design opportunities and eventually found her place at Autodesk in 2004 doing program and marketing management in the AEC space until she moved into her current role on the Sustainability Foundation team in 2014. Katie manages marketing, content development, strategic partnership, event participation, and the Autodesk Sustainability Workshop, a website that provides content for architecture and engineering students and professionals in both building and product design. We're very excited to welcome you, Katie, and I'm going to hand it over to you. Terrific. Thanks so much, Iana. I'm going to take a moment to introduce our presenters today. We're really pleased to be here with you and excited to present in this webinar. Again, as Iana mentioned, I'm Katie Evans and I managed the Sustainable Design Education Program at Autodesk, including the Autodesk Sustainability Workshop, which is a website that offers free online resources that teach the principles and practice of sustainability in engineering and design. You'll learn more about this site in today's presentation. Before we get started, I'm going to make a quick introduction of first, Mike Alcazaran. Mike is a graduate of University at Buffalo and is currently working as an application engineer for Autodesk Education Team. He's helping to integrate Autodesk's design tools into classrooms and design teams around the Northeast. While in school, Mike interned for Autodesk helping to develop product design content for the Autodesk Sustainability Workshop. And as an engineering professional, Mike has previous experience developing mechanical designs for the DOD during his previous job at Raybion Company. Outside of work, Mike volunteers on the engineers for a sustainable world leadership team as development coordinator. As you will learn, Mike is passionate about getting the latest technology into the hands of design and engineering students to help build their technical skillset and build a career solving today's most challenging problems. Our second speaker and special guest, we're very happy to be joining us for today's webinar is Jim Core. Jim has emerged as a thought leader on sustainability and ecological design as founder and president of Core Ecologic. He is a detailed production design engineer with almost four decades experience. His career has focused upon new and innovative design, including the Irby Car project, a real world application of whole systems thinking. You'll hear more about this later on in today's presentation. Jim now combines vision with empathy and believes that the ultimate goal of design is to serve the public good. Concerned about the current state of our environment, he's committed to designing only worthwhile products that carefully work in harmony with the natural landscape. In 2013, Jim was honored with a lifetime achievement award from the International Green Industry Hall of Fame. And with that, I think we're ready to get started. I'd now like to hand it over to Mike Alcazaran. Mike. As Katie said, my name is Mike Alcazaran. I'll be hosting the first part of today's webinar. To start things off with what inspires me and what I am really passionate about and what inspires me deep down inside. So personally, I have a deep love of the outdoors. To me, there's nothing better to, after a long hike, you smell that fresh pine scents and, you know, you're exhausted, but it's just beautiful outside. And I really want my grandchildren and children to experience the same things that I did with nature and really embrace that. But on the other side of the coin, I also have a deep love for technology. This love has always inspired me and driven me from things that fly, like the space shuttle here that really speaks to my engineering staff. Trying to work with me at Autodesk is a perfect mix of both of those things. The Autodesk vision is to help people imagine, design, and create a better world. And how do we do this? So there's over 100 million design professionals, artists, engineers, students and hobbyists, and they're all using our software to unlock their creativity to solve important design, business, and environmental challenges. And you can build dedicated content towards solving these challenges, such as the Autodesk Sustainability Workshop. The Autodesk Sustainability Workshop offers free online resources that teach the principles and practice of sustainability and engineering and design. This site was created to help educators teach and students learn about sustainability and engineering architecture professions. You'll find two main tracks, building design and product design. Within our product design track, there's free videos, software tutorials, and case studies to help you design for energy efficiency, or use greener materials, or even simulate your project or product's performance. The product design track that I'll focus on today features topics such as whole systems and lifecycle thinking, as well as light weighting, complete with software tutorials and examples. One of our product design tracks is whole systems design. Part of our content is free videos that explain the concepts of sustainable design principles such as whole systems design. To help explain this content, we include Autodesk Subject Matter Experts, as well as a character, Mr. Imagination, who helps explain the concepts of sustainable design to all the masses. Here's a quick reference guide. It's available on the Sustainability Workshop at sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com, and it introduces two of the most important concepts to sustainable design, and this is whole systems and lifecycle thinking. Whole systems thinking, it's a way of thinking about the related social, environmental, and technical systems that a product is part of. For example, how is the product used, who manufactures it, and what other products are used with it. Life cycle thinking, it's a way of thinking about all the stages involved within a product's life, from raw materials extraction to manufacture to the transport and use and disposal. Life cycle assessment, it's a way of quantifying your environmental impacts that occur at each and every stage. So for example, what if we want to build a more sustainable dryer? We have a variety of tools that we've learned throughout our education and experiences to get there, from choosing alternative energy sources to using unique resources such as less materials or recycled materials, and also designing for lifetime or designing for durability or recyclability. With traditional approaches, we might look at small efficiency gains, such as using a less toxic material, or maybe even using those recycled materials. However, as we dive deeper, you might realize that the minimal efficiencies that you gain will have an enormous engineering effort, as these products might have already been optimized, such as an electric motor. So let's introduce a whole systems design approach. Let's define our problem, and then look at the whole system. This is step one of a whole systems design approach. We have our dryer again. We've been tasked with building a more sustainable dryer. That's great. But what about diving deeper into this? What are we actually trying to do here? Whole systems thinking it's all about taking a step back and look at the actual problem in its entirety. We see in this diagram that our dryer, it's just a piece of a much larger clothes cleaning process. Once we have this whole system down, now we can start to think about all of our engineering toolkit analysis, looking at cost, looking at time, for energy uses of our product. From here, we can start to ask questions, like what parts and subsystems make up the products? How do these parts connect? And when and why do the user even use this? Our second step will begin to prioritize our objectives by assessing life cycle impacts. Using life cycle analysis or similar quantitative tools to measure the impacts of all of the stages identified in step one, anything from CO2 output to target materials that may be included within our materials for manufacturing process. The top two pictures are screenshots showing what it looks like to enter data into LCA programs, such as Simipro on the left and Sustainable Minds on the right. The bottom two pictures are screenshots showing what it looks like to get results from these LCA programs. It's important to note that this LCA data, it's not very precise. We can usually assume about a 10% margin error, so your differences should be roughly 20% or greater when you consider them important. Using this analysis, we can start to have a better and deeper understanding of where we can make the biggest jumps or improvements upon our design. So once the LCA is started and completed, we can begin to ask more pointed questions, like where are our biggest impacts? What impacts can we control? This will shape our list of priorities. In our quest for a more sustainable dryer, reducing energy usage, not impacting user convenience and costs begin to arise as our potential top priorities in the design process. And even better, once we have our listed priorities, we can add specific and quantifiable metrics to these priorities, like not adding any cost or time to the clothes cleaning process. In step three, we can begin to brainstorm solutions by looking at how they fit and how they work and operate within this whole system that we've drawn up. Using our engineering design toolkit, we can take a deeper dive into this whole system to take a critical look at our process. Whole systems thinking, it means looking at all of the different parts of the system and how they relate to each other. What's inside of the black boxes? For example, within our washing process, you might have a fill, a wash, a dry, or a spin, a fill, and so on and so forth within the black box of the washer. What happens if we redraw this diagram? This is the exact same diagram as before, but I just redrew it to look linear and I color the transition points in blue. We can use various brainstorm methods to think of unique ways to get from one transition point to the next, like maybe having a faster spin cycle, or maybe having some presses that ring together to close to dry it. We can keep applying brainstorming techniques to different transition points, but going from wet clean clothes to dry clean clothes. Here we see, we get some wild ideas from grilling our clothes to air drying them to the standard heat and tumble. No ideas off the table. How far up the system can we go? And how many steps can we skip? Here, the highest up would be skipping all our steps. What if our clothes had never even got dirty to begin with? Could we do that? How would we go about doing that? The approach of whole systems design thinking was spearheaded by an organization called the Rocky Mountain Institute. They have an amazing wealth of resources and one such example is their Factor 10 design principles and this helps to drive 10x improvements throughout the engineering process. Definitely check them out on the web for more information. Our fourth step is to use our predefined metrics to evaluate and choose solutions. We can see if we estimate life cycle impacts of all major design options and see how much they improve performance. For example, maybe our solution for a more sustainable dryer isn't a dryer at all. Maybe it's actually a more energy intensive washing machine that just has a higher spin cycle. It might use more energy to spin, but in the whole scheme of things it's going to use less energy to heat and to tumble. Here are some screenshots that quantify some scenario comparisons in two different LCA programs, the Simapro and Sustainable Minds. And once again, remember our 10% margin of error. So any differences that we look for in the design should be about 20% or greater before we consider them important. This is our hypothetical list of design options for our more sustainable dryer, everything from grilling our clothes through a faster spin cycle. So we might see that options B, C and E, they're close enough to our original existing design using our 20% margin metric. This may not be enough to warrant us to pursue these ideas further. So let's get rid of them and let's drop them. If we eliminate all but the best design options, or at least the options that don't improve performance based off of our metrics, and remember we can balance all of our other metrics such as cost and time usage. Finally, we can repeat these steps over and over again to optimize all aspects of our designs, large or small. So in summary, we can use whole systems to expand or deepen your definition of the problem. From there, we can apply lifecycle thinking to measure the problem and set priorities to fix it. We'll jump back to whole systems thinking to ideate solutions and then we'll rank which solutions are best using lifecycle thinking. Once again, this is our whole systems thinking reference guide, our quick reference guide. For more resources, be sure to check out the Autodesk Sustainability Workshop at sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com. So now I'll pass things off to Jim Cork who will introduce the Irby. It's a great real-world and practical example of whole systems design and action. Hello everybody. Thank you Katie and thank you Mike and thank you Autodesk. What an honor it is to be here and welcome to everybody online. Today I'm going to talk about innovation and why you should use whole systems design. I'm speaking to you from Canada, the middle of Canada, and I'm actually at my cottage. So it's just a miracle of technology that I can reach you. And I'm looking out over one of the hundred thousand natural lakes in our province. And just the other day we had the Northern Lights put on quite a show. So like Mike, I really can't imagine a world without a natural environment. And soon it's snowing actually right now and soon it's going to be 40 below and the streets will look like this in spite of global warming. So like Mike, I also really like technology. I always wanted to design cars. I'm old enough to know what drafting boards look like. And my background is always working in small groups of very innovative people, pretty well the same people my whole life, and worked on really big equipment like tractors and buses. And over time, and some automotive controls. And over time I felt a responsibility regarding the impact of my designs. So I moved into research projects and then all I do now is sustainable design. Okay, so this is the agenda I'm going to follow and maybe let's get started. There's two types of design. I'm guessing that most of you are doing incremental design, just slight improvements to existing products and whole systems design is rarely done, but it's confined elegant solutions and it's a safer way to design for the future. So incremental design, you just look at, you focus on one part of the object. And in the past we used quite a linear way of thinking right to the landfill. And then recently we started recycling, introducing a small loop into the process, but I would argue that this is still downcycling of most materials. Now the king of incremental design was the old Volkswagen Beetle, the classic one, because they prided themselves into not changing the exterior but doing many refinements on the interior. And over 24 million Beetles sold worldwide and they all look the same. And it was actually a car that did not focus on itself but on the journey it supported. And a lot of people embraced this car, even though the car magazines didn't really go for it. And it was also an extremely honest and frugal car. So there's a lot to be learned from the Beetle. Now in whole systems design, you really take a whole rethink of the object. Everything is up for grabs. And if you do sustainable design, there's a circularity to the whole process that does mimic ecological processes. In the commercial world, the iPod can be seen as a leap forward in innovation where it's really left the Walkman and the Discman behind and carved out a new category of product. And Braun and Apple are just brilliant at doing this, and their designers are exceptional. And each one of their products is indeed a leap of design impossible with incremental design. Another leader is Ray Anderson who took his carpet company to new levels of cleanliness and is really a model of what can be done regarding sustainability. And whole system thinking really has its roots with this man, Ian McCard. And if you haven't read design with nature, it's really worth a read. He holds the key to how to design for the future. So whole systems is different than incremental in that it does take way longer to accomplish it. You do need very sophisticated tools. It's more an interdisciplinary approach. And the acceptance usually takes quite a bit longer from the public point of view. The good news is we have the internet like I'm talking to you now with this webinar. We can connect with people all over the world. We can access information so it really opens the door for whole systems design. And certainly there are no lack of complex global problems that need addressing like the inequality in the world or the specter of global warming. And sustainable development if we achieve it is going to require a paradigm shift I think very similar to what happened in 1543 when Copernicus put the sun at the center of the solar system and the whole world had to change their mind from then on. And so when is the last time you change your mind? And I don't mean just dinner or whatever dinner or movie. I mean fundamentally change your mind. It's a very scary thought. So in a nutshell, I think of incremental and whole systems design like this. Incremental design is like driving with your low beams on and without any seat belts. And whole systems design is like driving with your high beams on and with your seat belts securely fastened. So you can see the road ahead and you can avoid hazards. Now I'd like to use the Olympic high jump as a good example of successful innovation. Everyone used to jump over the bar like this for about 100 years because you had to land on your feet. And as the landing became a little softer with sand, people started to use this technique like in the 50s. And then in 1960s they adopted this large foam pad and then by 68 the Fosbury flop was invented by Dick Fosbury. And he leapt over the board backwards. And this way of jumping is actually more energy efficient. And when I did research on this, you know, the high jump has had incremental improvements all along but speckled with leaps in advancement on different techniques. And Fosbury no surprise was a civil engineer at the time, a student. And so he was trying to optimize the jump. And he looked at it from a purely engineering point of view. And yet he was rather ridiculed. You know, the Fosbury flop was named in 1964. And because flop means failure. And then also a reporter said something like, it's like a guy falling off the back of a truck. So everyone was very uneasy when he did this. But then he won gold and everyone changed their mind. And as I researched this young man, it was phenomenal how much tenacity he had to stick to it. When his coaches told him not to do it and they nicknamed him fearless. So what can be learned from the Fosbury flop now that it's a success, now that every Olympian uses it? I would say anticipate a lengthy gestation period. Expect huge resistance. Prepare to be ridiculed even. Muster the inner courage to pioneer on. Make sure the outcome is incontestable. Like once he won gold, no one can deny it was better. Trust that science will prevail. And trust the results will prove game changing. And trust that you are not the only one doing it. Because actually there was a Canadian woman also doing it at the same time. It's just that Fosbury won the gold first. But it's not unusual to have innovations spawn up in different places at the same time. Because we are not separate from the problems we create. And problems whisper solutions. And you may not be the only one listening. Okay, so let me talk about the automobile. You know the automobile of the future to be specific. And you know we love to listen and think about what we're going to live in tomorrow. Even though we're often wrong about the future. And cars are quite different than the high jump in that they are extremely emotional objects full of fantasy and style. Cars need to have big grills and lots of exhaust pipes. The more the better. So this would be a really good car. And this would be even a better car. So what is all this infatuation with the horse power under the hood? You are what you drive they tell us. But I think to really understand this we have to look inside the brain. And the human brain developed with a primitive brain at first. And this brain reacts without thinking and wants to dominate. That's the survival strategy that has got us to hear. And the civilized brain is contemplative, rational, thinks long term and has empathy. So humans are now dominating the world. But can we really survive without nature? Can we really survive without these? Well I don't think so. But can rational thinking win out inside our heads? We are not separate from the world we create. So we must be careful how we think. So now let me tell you a bit about the Irby as an example of whole systems design. To be clear, we just built one car, a first prototype. And it's a real car. It really drives on the road. And we're working on a second one which we hope to take as our incontestable result from New York to San Francisco in 10 gallons of biofuel. And it's a waiting funding for us to do that. Ask what the product should be if it did not exist but had to be thought out from the beginning. That's how you should start. And our premise was that technology that achieves the best fit within the natural environment will serve us best. And we didn't have any preconceived ideas of a car but we certainly had the model tier of the Volkswagen Beetle in mind but with safety and emissions improved. And we wanted something that was fabulous but frugal. So our goal was to create the greenest car on earth. We wanted to run the car solely on renewable energy. So we imagined a garage and a vehicle as a system that moved the vehicle around on the face of the earth. We did a lot of trip scenarios and calculations. We envisioned a power train that was both efficient in the city and on the highway. We built some scale models so we could communicate what we were thinking. Then we built a full scale mock-up that was in our shop that really communicated what we were thinking and how everything would fit. Then we entered XPRIZE which really gave the project a boost. We did a lot of Autodesk CAD files and drew most of the car in the computer, built a frame, tested that extensively. Then carved a body out of clay, scanned the body in the computer, did simulations on aerodynamics to make sure that we achieved the right result. And then asked Stratasys if they could 3D print such large pieces and they could. So then we cut up the body in the computer into 20 pieces. 3D printed a small scale model to make sure that all the pieces fit. When they fit, we did it all in full scale. This caused quite a bit of media attention that it was the first 3D printed car body. Then we finished the car and unveiled it in Winnipeg at the TEDx talk. Then just took it for a quiet ride around this local park and called the project finished. As far as the first prototype, it was a technical success and we wanted to then continue on with the second one. There was a lot of interest in the car, so the car went to Europe. Here it is in London. It also went to Paris and Frankfurt. The media attention still continues on the car and even the automotive magazines are kind to us which shows us some changes in the air. Of course, the big deal is that you can reduce the car and footprint dramatically if you focus on energy efficiency. We wrote a technical paper and presented it in Hungary in 2010 to an automotive audience. So what did we learn from all of this experience? Well, I learned that you have to use about 100 times less energy if you want to go on to renewables than we're used to with fossil fuels. And if you really think about pushing this vehicle around, you have to focus on four things. You have to reduce the weight of the car, you have to reduce the air resistance of the car, you have to reduce the rolling resistance, and you have to reduce the frontal area. And all design is a compromise. I can accept that, but it is where we compromise that will determine our eventual long-term success. So let me address the ultimate green dream machine. Is it really, you know, can a luxury road rocket ever be truly green? You know, can all the bars be fully on to the right? I don't think so. Big and heavy cars demand lots of power which causes lots of pollution, and this physical reality cannot be denied. So most electric cars of today stress performance, race car performance, and luxury because they're just too nervous to give that up in that no one would buy their cars. But I envision a new category of cars that are the environmental cars of tomorrow where energy efficiency and sustainability are stressed and the performance is compromised, but not to the point where it won't work in traffic and not to the point where you aren't comfortable or safe. So we believe we are defining what a car should look like if it is required to run solely on renewable energy. Now Winston Churchill famously said we shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us. We are all a product of our environment and by changing what he knows about the world man changes the world he knows and by changing the world in which he lives man changes himself. And so contrary to what they tell us you are not what you drive but you become what you drive. And so I think a very important point is we need to carefully choose only those technologies that will shape us into what we want to become. So when is the last time you change your mind really in a fundamental way rethink your ideas of progress don't confuse sport or racing cars with transportation and think of true progress as tiny exhaust pipes and simple cars with long lives and use incremental design use it to fix a problem for sure but use whole systems design to find impossibly elegant completely rational and sustainable solutions and make sustainable a sustainable world your dream and then pass that dream onto your children. Well thanks for listening I'd like to thank all our supporters worldwide and if you need any further information you can be sure to email me and I'll answer you for sure. Thank you very much really appreciate this opportunity now I would say it's back to Mike. Thank you so much Jim I always love to hear the story of the Irvi you know it's a great and practical whole systems design thinking approach to a problem and it's a problem that we all see pretty much every day with transportation so we saw that you know yourself and your awesome team you know you got a pretty red design using those techniques but what if we already asked God out the whole systems design approach and you want to grab your engineering toolbox and take things a little bit further and dive a little bit deeper and what if we take this and optimize just a small part of our design with incremental design so you can use sustainable design techniques such as light weighting to make these design changes after applying whole systems thinking. The sustainability workshops product design tracks it has plenty of great additional resources on specific sustainable design concepts such as light weighting. This content introduces concepts videos and specific examples that are details in step-by-step software tutorials. One of the examples that we have content developed on is light weighting. One of our Mr. Imagination videos details an introduction to light weighting and material reduction. I'll do a quick summary of some of these important concepts to round out today's webinar. So let's take a whole systems design approach and we come up with something awesome it's a revolutionary transportation device. We know that what we have is good but we're leaving a lot on the table so we've decided to choose light weighting as an approach to optimize our design. There are a bunch of great strategies for creating lighter geometry like creating hollow like hollowing parts and decreasing wall thickness using reinforcements like posts and ribs or using trusses. The content on the Autodesk sustainability workshop will help us maintain integrity in these lighter weight designs by avoiding stress concentrations following lines of force or using tensegrity. There are some good basic rules of thumbs before pursuing light weighting as a strategy. Before we can really dive into how to light weight let's look at when it's the right strategy. It's the right strategy if materials or waste are a big part of your product's ecological or social impact. If we're designing something that moves or is powered by a motor or other energy source if our function if it's well defined and our form is at least roughly known and you can fully understand the forces at work. If you don't light weighting could compromise our product's robustness. There are other times when light weighting can be a liability such as if it interferes with any of our other strategies that we consider important such as design for durability repair or long life or if the design or manufacturing costs are too high compared with other sustainable strategies such as using recycled materials. Here's an example of light weighting in action. Utility Scale Solar is a company that builds large-scale solar farms. The solar panel in the background image is one of their original designs for a solar panel tracker that would be put into a large multi-hundred panel farm. To give you an idea of the size of this panel the connection from the panel to the rod is about one meter in diameter near the orange and blue in this picture. Hundreds of these connectors will be made across the farm. Their initial design is shown on the left and using light weighting techniques of ribbing, following lines of force and adjusting material thickness they were able to reduce the weight of the final tracking assembly by about 61 kilograms so they went from 296 kilograms to 235 kilograms. This example hit some of our major light weighting design requirements such as intensive material use. Vehicle it moves the solar panel and the form and function is pretty static so due to the sheer quantity of panels that this assembly is installed on any weight weight reductions that we made here they're going to have a significant impact on the final environmental impact with materials usage. On the right hand side is the CAD model that had FDA analysis performed on it to show the effects of light weighting. So using Autodesk software such as Fusion 360 we're able to make sure that we hold to our minimum requirements that our engineering design teams that's in advance. Let's do a quick example of light weighting using Autodesk software portfolio to optimize a part for light weighting. This example that I'll walk through which is the utility sale solar or USS this example is also available on a sustainability workshop complete with PDFs and videos that you can follow along with our software. So what is Fusion 360? Fusion 360 is a cloud-enabled industrial and mechanical engineering CAD and CAM tool. We found that current CAD platforms they're fragmented they're expensive they might be disconnected and they're also very limiting. So with Fusion we're bringing together some of the technologies that had previously been separate. We started by having a mechanical design industrial design tools together brought in one cloud-based application. We built data management into that environment and we brought together design tools along with visualization, simulation and fabrication tools like CAM or computer-assisted manufacturing and 3D printing. We built an ecosystem so that people could share and collaborate their work with increasingly distributed design teams and supply chains. We think that this is the right vision for solving the complexities of today's design. Fusion 360 is an integrated product of development platform. It's one software taking from concept to creation and fabrication. So you can use the industrial design techniques such as surface modeling and mechanical parametric design to create designs and fabricate them directly within Fusion 360. Additionally because Fusion is cloud-enabled you can manage your data when you want to and with whomever you want to. And having this cloud-enabled platform allows us to collaborate across different teams that might not normally speak to each other from design to the customer to engineering and vendors all the way to manufacturing. And within Fusion 360 you will be able to collaborate on your models, on your drawings, simulations, videos, renderings and specifications of your product. We wanted to make Fusion 360 accessible to everyone. It works natively on Mac and on PC. And because Fusion 360 is cloud-enabled you can access all of your files on any Internet connected device including mobile devices. It's important to note that Fusion 360 is free for startups and for hobbyists. So anyone that earns less than $100,000 in revenue and also nonprofits can obtain Fusion 360 on a one-year renewable license. You can keep renewing that as long as you want to. Students and educational institutions also receive Fusion 360 as a free three-year license along with over 170 other Autodesk software products. If you check out Autodesk360.autodesk.com to download Fusion 360. So here's an example of this solar panel tracker that will dive into Fusion 360. So here I've loaded up the design of the NCAP within Fusion 360. Here on the left we have our data panel and our data panel is our access to all of our cloud information. So you can see all of the projects that we're shared with and shared on such as this sustainable design project. If any design changes throughout we can go to our timeline and roll back our design to edit a previously made function such as an extrude or revolve. Also add parameters to your model in case you want to make bulk changes or you've already captured your design intent with names. So for this light-weighting example the two parameters that we'll play with is thickness and height. Our thickness is our material thickness across our half dome and the height is the half height of this panel. If I right click the top we can check out the properties and see that this is about 269 kilograms. So there's still some room left to lightweight this product. All within the same software program we can switch over to the simulation environment by clicking model and changing our workspace simulation. I have previously set up an analysis showing the stress, displacement and safety factor as well as some of our additional design requirements. You have two options you can choose between a static stress analysis or modal frequency analysis. With this setting in name you can edit my mesh settings. For this example I'll use 10 to 20 percent. I can turn on adaptive mesh refinement so if I turn this on the mesh will recalculate during areas of high areas where there might be a potential for high concentrations of stress. I'll add my structural constraints. I know that this piece will be fixed at the top around this ring in all three directions. Select okay and I'll add my structural loads. So the load for this is 2.6 megapascals and that's calculated using wind force and if we can withstand wind force we can withstand typically the highest force in this scenario. We can create manual contacts. In this case I'll just use the automatic bonded contacts because every single piece is glued together. I can change the materials and add custom materials to solve and generate our design and see if it passes our design requirements. For this example we want about a 1.5 safety factor and we can see down below here in the right if we toggle down you can see that our stress our safety factor is about 2.19 so this design passes our initial test. If we want to look at displacement Fusion 360 will show you an overdramatic view of where the most displacement is occurring and as expected it's where the supports do not exist. I'm going to make quick design changes. You can switch between the simulation and the modeling environment very quickly. So I'm going to switch back to the modeling workspace and some parameters. So let's say that I know I want to see if this thickness can be 13 and maybe I can reduce the height from 225 to 200 the end cap for properties. I can see that this mass is going to reduce to 2.5 250 kilograms. Within Fusion my simulation settings have been saved. I will only need to click Resolve and it will resolve the model with the exact same design restraints constraints and parameters in the previous simulation. So here we can quickly see that we're still within our 1.5 minimum safety factor for this design and from here we can keep applying additional light weighting techniques such as adding more ribs for removing some additional material and getting engineering results to see if this withstands our design parameters. All of the resources that we have are sustainable design for mechanical engineers. You can also visit impactdesignhub.org to view this webinar on demand and to access more impact design content and resources. Terrific. Thank you so much Mike. Thank you Jim. That was a fantastic presentation. We're going to go into some Q&A right now. We have about seven or eight minutes left. I encourage you to enter any questions you have into the Q&A panel as we go. We've only received a couple so far but we'll get started and this first question actually could be for either you Jim or Mike but why don't we go ahead and I'm going to start with you Jim with answering this question. Is there a simple approach to do life cycle assessment? Yes there's definitely an approach. The life cycle assessment is sort of well developed and the book Cradle to Cradle talks about that. It used to be cradle to grave and then now it's cradle to cradle. In other words we don't have to go to the grave. Ideally we would landfill anything. That's sort of the holy grail of life cycle assessment. Also within life cycle assessment is the life of the product. You know how long should it survive and my experience with tractors and buses you know they are routinely designed for a life of close to 30 years. Many of the tractors and buses I still see them 35-40 years later that I worked on and that's a much more technically difficult task than making other products last a long time. So that's another change that I think needs to happen reviewing planned obsolescence and designing for a long long life. Does that answer your question? I think so. Thank you Jim. Mike do you have anything to share or add to that from your perspective? Definitely agree with Jim on that. Cradle to Cradle is a great resource to take a first dive into and also trying to find some LTA softwares are also good. I know there's some free open source ones as well as someone that you can pay for as well. That's a good place to start. Excellent thank you. I have a question here for you Jim. Looking at the Irby it appears very clearly to be a very small car and sits very low to the ground so if you're driving this car in traffic what is the safety? What are the safety factors? Is this a safe car to drive? Yeah that's a great question and we get that question all the time. Because the smart car is the most modern car that is trying to pioneer you know more rigid structures in a small vehicle. But there is a real science to car safety and actually the ones that are really at the forefront of that are race cars and especially Formula 1. So Formula 1 had a goal a recent goal of zero deaths and then they started to put black boxes in the Formula 1 race cars and and analyze the different accidents. And so they really I think race cars are the safest vehicles on earth right now. So believe it or not with Irby we took sort of the stance that we would try to pass the Le Mans safety inspection. Le Mans is used to be much more so but cars that you could drive on the road and because you need headlights and turn signals and all that stuff and but if you can pass the safety inspection then I think most people would agree that that's a pretty safe car. We're no lower than the lowest production car that ever was on the road and that happens to be the Ford GT40. Ford actually sold it for a while so it's Ford GT40 is 40 inches tall. Most exotic cars nowadays are 42 inches tall so we made Irby 40 inches tall and that's the same as the Ford GT40. And that's to reduce the frontal area because the more you you know it's just too much air to push around. So yeah I do believe I don't expect the audience to believe but I do believe that a small car designed properly with race car standards can be extremely survivable in a crash in a typical traffic accident crash either on the highway or on the city. Terrific thank you that's terrific Jim appreciate that. Another question here I'll go ahead and start with you Mike. In terms of collaboration is there a limit to that with the free software that is offered? In terms of collaboration you can I guess with Fusion 360 you can invite I think it's over a thousand people into the same project so you can definitely scale up very quickly with sharing that data. And in terms of free software we have a great education program where all of our software is available for free to education so teachers, students and educational institutions on three are licenses so if you need to scale up for license for that there's no limit for that as long as you have a member as long as you are a member of a accredited educational institution. And with Fusion 360 specifically it's free for nonprofits and for startups and anyone that makes less than a hundred thousand dollars and a one-year commercial license. Great all right thank you Mike. I think as we're approaching the top of the hour now we're going to go ahead and wrap it up. I do want to thank everyone for the questions that have come in and I do apologize for any we've been unable to get to right now. I'm going to hand it back to Iana and we're going to wrap things up and I just want to on behalf of Autodesk and Jim Kor from Core Ecologic thank you all very much for taking the time to join us today. Iana thank you so much everybody else for joining us from all over the world we really appreciate you participating. For those of you who are interested in getting up your professional development hours please follow the instructions on our professional development page. The pdh code is listed on the current slide and I'll put up the URL where you can find the rest of the instructions in a second. Additionally if you have additional questions or if you are looking to make a suggestion about webinars that we can have in the future please email us at webinars at engineeringforchange.org and join us so that we can also send you information on upcoming webinars and thank you so much for my colleague Jackie for putting up the URL and I thank you all again and have a fantastic morning afternoon or evening wherever you may be. Take care.