 Keshav Valasai from Walchon Institute of Technology, Sulapur. In today's session, we will discuss about systems approach to management. At the end of this session, students are expected to understand what are the inputs and outputs for a managerial system or a management as a process, you can say. And what is the concept of systems approach to management, so this is what is expected at the end of the session. If we consider in general how the system might look like, then it refers basically to the set of interrelated functions, what for basically to achieve the objectives, how by having effective utilization of resources. Now, with this particular statement, we can again say like essential, why it is essential due to complexity of the firm and need of digitization. See, today there is no way out for any organization than to adopt the digitization. Digital world is there as we all know and no substitute for digitization for any organization. Talking in general, very basic primitive schematics of what is the system. Now, any system if we think of, then very basic is it has to have some input and certain output as it is indicated here. And in between the input and output, some processing happens. For example, if we look into academic institutions, then input is a raw student like who is a processed with the different subjects being talked to him and output is a graduate student. Say, for an engineering institution, say, we talk, then output is a graduate engineer. So this is how four years we process the student by teaching different subjects, conducting different practical sessions on variety of subjects. So this is how input and output, it means and how, what do we do exactly in processing. Secondly, same thing little ahead of it if we talk for the management process, the same schematic if we extend, then inputs we can take as a different resources. There are different types of resources, we will talk in the next slide. But here in management process, we can take different resources as input. Then processing may be something like all different functions that management people carry out. They have certain functions and they execute it. So the execution of those functions is nothing but the processing we can call as a matter of a system. The output is something in management you can say, what are the objectives management people are having. So that is how input we can correlate with different resources, processing in nothing but different functions and output we can associate with the objectives. At this point I expect you people to think of different inputs and outputs for any organization. Just now I give the example of education institution, you can think of any other industry maybe manufacturing or service and for that industry, for that organization what might be the inputs, what might be the outputs and what may stand as the processing, just think of some examples. Now here again it refers to the set of interrelated functions, there has to have interrelation of different functions to achieve the objectives that is the main thing again with optimum utilization of resources and it is essential we have seen this in the beginning, essential due to the complexity of the forms and need of the digitization, this we have discussed in the beginning. Now next to that every manager is put up here on the left side of the screen to be very precise about what basically decision making and the information flow. Nowadays in the digital world information flow has again a vital role. So what is happening in the industry that you try to imagine basically decisions are being taken by the management and information is flowing from one place to other place, one point to other point in organization then subsidiary systems means in a system again you can have different sub systems and these sub systems you have to have ultimately while reaching towards objectives with efficient and effective ways of doing work. So this is what is happening I am trying to tell you what exactly might include in input output and processing that is talking specifically here, what might be resources, what might mean in functions and what might be the part of objectives here in systems approach to the management. Now this particular figure would clear the things little in a better way. Now here input we have said now the general systems approach that part of the figure is omitted here input processing and output now specifically here for management input means different resources. What are these resources they are like man machine material money methods markets information legal aspects government rules regulations what not so many things as input as resources as resource inputs we can have in management. Now in processing we have management functions or managerial functions functions carried out by the managers what are those functions planning organizing staffing directing control motivation forecasting what not so many functions are being carried out by management people these all functions we have discussed in detail in earlier slides like just to brief again planning means for example in manufacturing industry we need to have manpower planning and there maybe even production planning we need to have if we take automobile example for example say then how many models you have and each model in different time period say months if we take how many quantities you need is a very gross aspect of a planet organization level which normally is called as a master production schedule same thing cut down at shop floor level you can call a load chart which is going to type of a plan wherein you talk about a particular job and its particular operation on a particular machine so at a very micro level you talk at that then organization you have a structure as the basic framework for the execution of managerial functions orders to be followed in sequence you need certain organization structures with the authorities and responsibilities being defined very clearly then staffing you know like how many graduate engineer training you need as freshers like in some industries recruit hundreds of people at as a free graduates or thousands also some industries recruit now these organizations need to really evaluate how many people really they need that's under staffing their training their appraisal reports so many things are there in staffing then directing controlling you plan something but are the things really going as per the plan or not that also one has to look into properly and control function comes in now these are all functions being carried out is a part of managerial functions which is the middle part of a systems concept that is a processing so processing here it means these functions and what are the output of the objectives or the end of it end results is you have some goods and or services so for manufacturing industries you can have goods and services for service industries you may not have goods but you can have only services so these are in all we have a the systems approach and again the systems may be closed loop systems wherein you can take a feedback from the output and connect it to the input side that is in reality take the feedback on the outputs and have the remedial actions right there if possible if not in upcoming your tenure the planning period you can have the corrective actions here I refer these five books and beyond this you can refer internet also lots of things are available there also thank you everybody thank you