 Hello everyone, welcome to today's current of session of Swisspedia. The topics we are going to see is South Asian Nitrogen Hub, Global Talent Competitiveness Index, Bharat Ratna Award and with respect to editorial topic is Highlights of President Speech. South Asian Nitrogen Hub. This is a partnership program that has been led by UK to study the impact of nitrogen in India and South Asia. It consists of 50 organizations from UK and South Asia, among them 18 or Indian organizations that are undergoing the study of how the nitrogen pollution has been impacting India and South Asia. Apart from that, this partnership program has been funded by UK Research and Innovation under its Global Challenges Research Fund and this nitrogen hub is one of its 12 GCRF hub under UK Research and Innovation. The parties that has been involved in this hub is government, NGOs as well as international agencies. Apart from that, India is the only country in South Asia to complete its overall nitrogen assessment for one year. And apart from that we will see what are the nitrogen impacts and how it is going to India is undergoing. So this overall impact of this nitrogen is in atmospheric nitrogen, in atmospheric air, totally 78% of air consists of nitrogen and they are in an inert condition that is unreactive and it cannot be utilized by plants or any other species directly. So it has to be fixed through bacteria, through the nitrogen natural nitrogen fixation process as well as this cannot be helped to feed the whole growing population. So we started to invent a new process of ammonia fixation that is artificial nitrogen fixation through the process called Haber-Bosch process. In this process, this atmospheric nitrogen along with hydrogen gas at high temperature and pressure will produce ammonia. Through this we are converting into nitrate and nitrate that will absorb by the plants for their growth purpose. And this has been, nitrogen has played a huge role in green revolution. So through the green revolution India started to use more amount of nitrogen. So for the plant, in agriculture in the NPK that is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the ratio has to be 4 is to 2 is to 1. But instead we started to use more nitrogen that leads to 8 is to 4 is to 1 ratio. So our Indian soil consists of more amount of nitrogen. This started to become a pollution. So a normal nitrogen started to become a pollution. So this green revolution, due to this green revolution we started to use more amount of nitrogen. So when there was a rain or when there was a runoff water from this agriculture field, it started to enter into the lakes and nearby water bodies that by causing utopia and it leads to algal bloom that it causes to water pollution. Apart from that it started to lead to soil acidification process also. And also this ammonia and nitrogen dioxide which has been emitted from this industries as well as vehicle leads to this air pollution that contribute to this ozone depletion. And apart from that the another form of nitrogen is nitrous oxide which has the highest global warm potential of 310 times that is 110 of nitrous oxide can harm that can be retained this heat trapped by or compared to this carbon dioxide amount is 310 times of 110 of carbon dioxide amount that this 110 of nitrous oxide can hold. So this global warming potential of this nitrous oxide is also too high. And apart from that in comparing the report recent study that is comparing this 2001 to 2011 the nitrogen emission has been increased from India about 69 percentage. That shows how seriously India is undergoing this nitrogen pollution. So we need to started to tackle this nitrogen pollution with a long term mission because the short term measures will not handle this nitrogen impact because we have increased the amount of a 69 percentage. So we started to have a long term mission how we can face by face we can reduce this nitrogen pollution. And the next topic is global talent competitiveness index. This index has been launched in 2013 to measure the ability of each and every countries to compete for the talent how they can grow, how they can retain and they can nurture this entrepreneurship as well as this talent in their own country. So this index has been prepared by INSEAD the Business School along with the partnership with Tata Communication and Atco Group. And this index has 5 pillars and 68 variables and it consists of 125 countries and 114 cities. And this year the country that has been topped in this global talent competitiveness index is Switzerland with the score of 81.82 while among the bricks the top performer is China of 45, the score of 45.44. And India has increased one rank from the 81 to 80 this year with the score of 35.98. The major challenge of this India with respect to this global talent competitiveness index is how to retain this talent people and how to attract this talent people within India. And this year this report this 2019 index report has been special focus on how to nurturing this entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship that is intrapreneurship means that is a person having a vision of entrepreneur within a large organization. So this focus has been on how to nurture this entrepreneurship as well as intrapreneurship talent among the Indian. Apart from that this smart cities program can be merged along with this competitiveness index so that we can have this smart cities can act as a talent magnet. So more people started to attract towards this smart cities. And the recent longitudinal analysis that is studying from 2013 to 2019. So for the past five years how this talent research has been underground by studying this we came to know about that the countries which have more powerful talent attractiveness started to grow a much level that is each and every year the countries that have more talent started to have more and more talent while the countries that have a weak potential to attract the talent become more and more weaker. So the strong become stronger and weak become a weaker. So among this top ten countries only two countries come from this non-European. Rest of the eight countries has been European countries that two non-European countries is US and Singapore and apart from that this shows that US Europe still act as the talent powers that is most and most of brains from all the talented people from all the countries are started to pull towards this Europe. And this analysis the recent analysis from 2013 to 2019 shows that there was a widening gap between the talents unequal economies that is more higher economies developed economies started to have more and more talented people and this developed countries will have more and more lesser number of talented people this gap started to having much more widen. So this long unit analysis shows that with stronger countries become more stronger and weaker country becomes more weaker. So the country that India we need to have more become a stronger country like European countries to attract more people towards India. Rather we India have more and more brain drain that is more talented people started to leave India and go to Europe and US or Singapore to have more and more entrepreneurship they can nurture in that own country. So we need to this India we need to have more nurture this entrepreneurship then only the more talented people will started to retain within India and more other country talented people will also flow towards India. So the major challenge between India is how to increase our ability to attract and retain this talented people. And apart from this this global talent competitive index we have also have with respect to the city that is global city talent competitive index. Among that the top city that has been having more talented people attracting potential is Washington DC. And with respect to India Delhi and Mumbai is only in the list with Delhi having a 95th rank and Mumbai with 96th rank. The next topic is Bharatathana award. This Bharatathana award has been delivered in this republic day by the president of India. And this Bharatathana award is the highest civilian award in India. The second most highest civilian award in India is Padma Bhushan Padma Bhushan. So the criteria that for to award a Bharatathana is earlier it has been limited to some categories of art, literature, science and public services. While in 2011 it has been extended to any human achievements. So it can be given for Bharatathana award. So maximum three people can be given awarded this Bharatathana award every year. But it is not mandatory we have to give each and every year to Bharatathana award. So maximum three people has to be given. And it will be this award this list will be recommended by PM to the president of India. And the order of presidents with respect to this Bharatathana award is it has the seventh rank of Bharatathana award president. The first rank goes for this president and the order of president. And the second rank will be this vice president. And the third will be prime minister. And fourth the governors within their respective states. And fifth will be former president and six CJA and speaker of Lok Sabha. And seventh will be cabinet ministers, CM within that state and former PM leader of opposition party in Rajasabha. And this Bharatathana awardees will come under this 7A, that is the seventh order of presidents. And apart from that, the first Indian to get the Bharatathana award is Sassivi Raman. And the naturalized Indian citizen, that is the citizen who got Indian citizenship through the naturalization process. So the Mother Teresa is the person who got this Bharatathana award in 1980. And two non-Indians that who got this Bharatathana award is Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Nelson Mandela in 1919. And in the 2019 the awardees are, first one is Pranab Mukherjee, who served as the 13th president of India, as well as the defense minister. And he contributed much as a finance minister, foreign minister. And has lead role in the board of governors in IMF, World Bank, Asian Development Bank and African Development Bank. And the second person who got this Bharatathana award in 2019 is Nanaji Deshmukh. He is a social activist, as well as he's a member of the RSS. And he played a key role in the merging of Jansang with Janata Party. And he is also awarded Padma Vibhushan. And third person is Bhupan Haferika. So Bhupan Haferika is also known as the Bard of Brahma Putram. He is a singer, musician, lyricist, as well as a politician from Assam. He also awarded with Bharat Padma Vibhushan. And this recent India's longest bridge, this Dola Sadia Bridge that is over, River Lokit has been named as per this Bhupan Haferika bridge. And the last topic is this highlights of President's speech in this Republic Day celebration. This celebration is one of the special thing because this year we are going to have this October 2nd will be the 150th birth anniversary of Gandhiji. As well as this November 26th will be the 70th anniversary of adoption of our Indian constitution. And this Lok Sabha election, this 17th Lok Sabha election will be the first time when the voters that has been born in the 21st century will be the major contributor in this Lok Sabha election. And President has said that this election process is not just a political exercise. Apart from that, it is the collective call to the wisdom to transform the India. And he also said that the connectivity is more important thing, the crucial thing that India is undergoing because that connectivity is the one that brings us together in the form of ports or inland waterways, national highways, metros, rural roads, as well as the cheap gas services. So we can have more connectedness. So each and every people started to have more and more economic activity. And the next is the President has said that we need to have a more and more leapfrogging technologies that will transform each and every phase of the Indian people. So it will empower the farmers as well as it will help to equip the soldiers and it will help to nurture the startup culture within India also. And the President has said that Indian model has been based on this 3D that is this diversity, democracy and development. These three things are the pillars of this Indian model. We cannot have one over the another that is one priority over another. We need to have all the three merged together because all the three are the pillars of this Indian model. And the best indicator that the social change has been happening in India is how we are changing towards this gender equality that will show this how Indian men and Indian women will be equal to each other so they will be grow at the equal past level. And apart from that we have to transform this Indian literate society into a knowledge society because Indian literacy rate has started increasing but the knowledge level it's not that much level increasing. So we need to have transform this literate society into a knowledge society. Apart from that President has said that India is the one country that has the feeling of the universal brotherhood. So it propagates the universal brotherhood in the form of Vasudeva Kudumbakam. So we are feeling that all the whole universe is a one family. So in that manner the partnership is one of the important thing that is a thread that has been knitting towards all the families and nation and world together. So India need to have more and more partnership with all the countries within the family within the nation as well as with the world countries. But that thing we will end up to this current of a session. Thank you. Have a nice day. Share and like comment on this channel.