 Next talk up intro to graffiti virtual graffiti and this is Tony cough. Let's give her a big hand Hello, everyone. Like he said, I'm toting cough of the neuro numerous group And today I will be talking to you about virtual graffiti I originally wasn't going to submit this year or present a speech but then neon rain and I got into a discussion about the growth of hacking electronic construction road signs and Then we started talking about virtual graffiti in general and how outside of the graffiti research lab There's really not a lot going on or a lot of information about it Next thing I knew I was cursing her name and submitting my CFP So before I get into all of the nitty-gritty details about virtual graffiti, we're gonna discuss what it is The most commonly used definition for virtual graffiti is that it involves the use of virtual objects and or digital messages Images animations, etc. That are applied to or viewable from public locations They can be viewable through electronic devices such as computers or mobile devices But are quickly expanding beyond that and can be seen on digital billboards road signs and the side of buildings I know that this sounds like a very large subject and it is so so much so that I have decided to break the speech Up into four different parts First we'll cover the history of graffiti Where we're going to discuss where it originated and how it got to the point where it is today After that we'll go over some examples Where I'll be covering things that have been done for a little while and as well as some things that are shiny and new And once I planted evil little ideas into your mind We're going to move on to legal concerns and government responses to graffiti and finally Who would be interested in this and why they should be interested in this? So now that we all know what virtual graffiti is we have to recognize the fact that we wouldn't be able to do virtual graffiti If we didn't have regular graffiti first But does anyone have a guess as to how long graffiti has been around come on. Oh does it So this just gave up the fact that I didn't do my slides Unfortunately totendad is the one who does all my slides and Nikita yells at me every year to do my own damn slides And this is why? um So yeah, 30,000 years ago and started with cave paintings and pictographs that were made out of animal bones and pigments The reason that I say arguably is because there's some debate as to whether or not the cave drawings were really graffiti Prehistoric graffiti was occasionally used in religious celebrations and in those instances were endorsed by society Which is contradictive to the current-day definition of graffiti Although it's debatable whether the cave drawings are examples of early graffiti. We can definitely say that it was popular in ancient Greece In fact the first known example of Grecian graffiti is viewable in the ancient city of Ephesias, which is in present-day Turkey The first graffiti drawing was evidently an advertisement for prostitution and was etched into stone near mosaics and walkways The image itself was of a heart-shaped handprint kind of like that Footprint and a number the heart-shaped handprint was meant to represent Love in exchange for money and the footprint and number are believed to represent how far one would have to walk in order to receive these services Similarly the ancient Romans are known for carving graffiti on walls and monuments some examples include curses Magic spells political slogans declarations of love Alphabets and literary quotes all of which were preserved in Pompeii after the eruption of Mount Presuvius There was also ancient Roman carvings that were made by young men to make themselves feel big Most of which can be found around at gladiatorial academies including one by Saletus which states Suspirium polarum Saletus thrakes or Saletus the thracian makes the girls sigh Not to be outclassed by the Greeks though The Romans were also known for using graffiti to advertise prostitution in one area. You can find an address for a well-known prostitute named Novelia primigena of Nusseria and In another you can find etchings of fallacies with mansueda tene or in English handle with care Scrawled next to it there are other many Lesser known instances of pre-modern graffiti including but not limited to carvings on the walls of Royal and or wealthy homes in the mind of Mayans in the site of Tikal and Guatemala The Vikings left markings and etched their names into ruins in Rome New Grange mound in Ireland and one Viking Halvdan put his names on runes on a banister in constant nipple Constant a nipple. I can't pronounce it. I'm from America. We don't care about anything outside of America really Various renaissance artists would travel to the no No Yeah Various renaissance artists would travel to the ruins of Nero's dumbest Aurora in order to carve or paint their names French soldiers would carve their names on monuments during the Napoleonic campaigns in Egypt and Travelers along the organ trail left their names at signature rock Now that is all of the pre-modern stuff None of the techniques that were used back then to make the drawings and or carvings are used in modern-day graffiti Even though the messages and the thoughts and feelings behind them are the same as what's seen today With that said we are now moving on to history of modern-day graffiti Okay In the 60s and 70s graffiti started to gain popularity with political activists and gangs wanting to mark their territory and make themselves heard Once it started to become more popular in places like New York City Graffiti started to migrate from being out on the streets to the subway system The main goal at that time was relatively simple or simple Out tag and out bomb the other graffiti artists in the area for those of you who don't know Bombing is used referred to creating large more elaborate pieces of graffiti art usually done by breaking into closed-off areas like subway depots After work hours so that there is a lower chance of getting caught while you're drawing Also during this time the use of designs such as polka dots cross hatches and checkers were becoming more popular the use of spray paint increased In order to expand what the graffiti artists could do and how fast and the appearance of top-to-bottoms or works Which span the entire height of a subway train became more popular? The combination of all these innovations and graffiti has led to this period of time being referred to as the golden age Unfortunately the 80s became a time when it was increasingly harder to tag or bomb Especially in New York City, which was and still is considered to be the epicenter of the graffiti movement in the US Some of the reasons why new pieces were getting rarer include the fact that the burgeoning drug Drug trade increased the amount of firearms out on the streets making tooling around at night more difficult and dangerous The police were able to dole out regular and more severe punishments to graffiti artists that they caught And store owners were forced to restrict their sales of spray paint They weren't allowed to sell to people under 18 and they had to keep everything locked up in cages to dissuade shoplifting And Finally the local transit authorities caused a lot of problems when they used the increase in their anti graffiti budget to build new and better Fences around train yards hire more guards to patrol and fund regular heavy buffing of train cars to keep them graffiti free To the chagrin officials who thought that these measures would be enough to completely squash the movement artists and Riders moved from underground trains back onto the streets as well as the top of buildings After being relatively dormant in the 1990s graffiti art has started to become active again in the past 10 years Graffiti is being used by companies such as Sony and IBM as a way to break into gorilla advertising, which is basically a buzzword for Cheap and dirty ways to catch someone's eyes to buy your product or show interest in your company It is also becoming more popular in mainstream pop culture It's showing up in video games like Jetset radio future Sony's Raku gaki of kaku series Getting up contents under pressure Super Mario Sunshine half life and the herbs Sims in the city Even close designer Mark Echo Has publicly stated that graffiti art is without question the most powerful art movement in recent history and has been a driving inspiration throughout his career Now that we've gone through all that it's time for the part of the speech that most of you came here for and that's the examples of virtual graffiti We're going to start off with the tried-and-true stuff all of which has been either pioneered or popularized by the graffiti research lab And as a side note the examples that I'm going to show you appear on their website with a list of materials as well as Instructions and in this section I will be going in order of least most difficult to do The first examples we're going to cover are the most popular and most common of virtual graffiti and that's the LED throwy and floaty They are really cheap and easy to make especially when ordered in bulk from sites from a deal extreme For either floaties or throwies you'll need LEDs and assortment of colors and a Lithium battery and tape if you're doing throwies you'll need a magnet Obviously because otherwise it won't stick to anything. You just look like a retard throwing LEDs Or if you're doing floaties, you'll need balloons. Otherwise they sink Next we have the electrograph. It can be as easy or as difficult as you want to make it Likewise, it can either be as relatively inexpensive or Expensive as you wish to make it The base materials are pretty simple conductive paint magnetic paint regular and or spray paints Stencils in case you're not comfortable free-handing LEDs and batteries from there you can add various different components like micro processors photos or photo resistors so that the LEDs only come on during night or Even a proximity sensor so that it lights up or does something based on how close someone is to the art The last example for the tried-and-true section is the graffiti research labs laser tag The hardest part of this is acquiring the parts and setting it up at the site that you want to do this at The materials that were listed on the GRL site for this project are a laptop a 50,000 Anzi lumens projector security astronomy camera with manual iris zoom lens a magic arm with a super clamp a PC TV USB Capture card and a 60 megawatt green laser in some places. That's illegal by the way and Also, don't shine it in animals or people's eyes Because they'll go blind or really really pissed off with you And you'll also need AAA batteries to power everything This setup can get pretty expensive. So it's worth looking around to put at places like eBay Craigslist pawn shops Or if you have lots of money, you can give some to me and I can go buy it new from the store Next we're going to do the shiny new stuff and on the virtual graffiti front Although in the last section I was able to go in order from easiest to hardest I'm going to be going from least to most obscure Each of these three examples are relatively new with the first two having been successfully and publicly attempted We're going to start off with electronic roadside construction signs So toward the middle or end of I think it was 2007 2008 People in the US started to see More and more examples of people hacking into these roadside construction signs There are probably several different manufacturers, but most of them use the same one which is Well, no way. I'm just gonna say it adco ADD CEO Those are the ones that are most commonly hacked because they're the easiest and To hack because they're the least secure And these are also the ones that are mostly used by Department of Transportation The first example well, yeah, the first examples of hack signs were just like this one that warned drivers about zombies being ahead Since then there have been many other instances of these signs being hacked saying various things like Harvard sucks in Massachusetts No Latinos. No tacos in Miami and the ever-clever this sign has been hacked In January of 2009 I hacked featured a post that gave readers step-by-step instructions on how to hack into these signs and Change the message display. Whatever we want them to I am both pleased and chagrin to say that they're still very accurate as in Around five o'clock before I hopped on the plane. I was able to go try it I didn't change anything because I'm a wimp, but I was able to get into the sign and prove and see that the Console was still in there Not that I'm condoning breaking into roadside construction signs because I'm not The first item that I'm gonna talk about isn't really a vulnerability. It's just a tip These signs are really really really really easy to find You don't have to drive around looking for them anymore Your local Department of Transportation website has done that for you Most of them are really helpful, you know, they want their drivers to know what's coming up. So They have a list of ongoing and upcoming construction or as well as traffic jams and they set up these signs there So all you've got to do really is say go to NevadaDOT.com and Go to their section called major products studies and programs that give a list of places and dates Make a list of them drive out there and Where am I yeah, okay, and then a few days before construction starts chances are that you'll see one of these signs erected And give you a time and let you know when the construction is gonna come up And how much time you have to plan for it and the hours that you have to avoid Once you find an electronic roadside construction sign you want to have Go to the access panel look at at the back of the sign and you would expect to see it physically secured, right? Well, most time it's not Most of the time there's it's left wide open well not literally wide open, but There's no lock if there is a lock. It's usually a master lock Which we all know is really secure and can't be picked or cut off Once the back access panel is open you'll find a nice little control panel a control pad with a full keyboard and Mostly easy to navigate menu the control pad isn't usually password protected, but if it is It's usually left at the default password But if you found that one of the DOT workers were pretty clever and changed it they've made it easy for you to reset the password and If you go to I hacked it'll tell you what the default password is and how to reset the password Like I said, my dad makes these slides for me. So yeah, don't be a dumbass all of though most of this May make hacking one of these signs sound like a cake walk There are some things you need to be cautious and aware of The roads that get these cautionary construction signs are usually high in traffic so be careful not to plan to go out during rush hour or Also, if the sign you want to hack horns of construction avoid going an hour before or After the hours that are listed on the sign That way you don't have a DOT worker coming up to you while you're trying to hack the sign Especially since most of these sites have police cars by them Be wary of signs that are in commercial areas many stores roads and traffic lights are equipped with security cameras and finally use common sense Wear gloves and be as inconspicuous as possible if you're the only blue or purple hair person in your town wear a fucking hat and I shouldn't say this or I shouldn't have to say this But there's probably at least one of you that lacks common sense or a sense of self-preservation Don't drive your car up to the sign and use the headlights for light plan ahead get a flashlight or a headlamp and Walk to the sign don't drive up to the sign Next is something that at least a few of you know that I've been interested in for a few years now And that's hacking the outdoor digital billboard network These signs are starting to become more and more popular they're only made by What well mostly one manufacturer, but they're owned by you know clear channel and we love clear channel There are still only three types of digital billboards that are commonly used and they are ones with Verizon telephone Verizon telephone network interface which have testing and wiring instructions on inside the panel and They're easily Available and viewable by any passerby and it suggests the presence of a basic go no go Billboards that work wirelessly and have a nondescript box at their base Like the one you see in the picture over there The existence of pots combined with unencrypted wireless traffic poses security risk that have not been addressed by manufacturers and Finally billboards with an unlabeled box at its base secured by a master lock these contain a control panel or a place to plug it in a laptop Make it easy for techs who go on site to work on the billboards So two years ago. I presented had a big presentation on just the outdoor digital billboard network and Each point I'm about to discuss has been verified by CISOs and techs from various companies That are associated with the evil assholes Who run the majority of these billboards as known security concerns that have been expressed before but have had nothing done about them Um Maybe one of them have been addressed though. I've been told but it's still an issue There are two types of vulnerabilities network and physical the network vulnerabilities include Packet sniffing which is mostly applicable to the billboards with the wireless connectivity War dialing for the phone ones and open ports The physical vulnerabilities that can lead up to the hacking of these billboards are social engineering of Marketing and technical staff you can still use the tried-in true I'm a college student and I am doing a marketing research or I'm an interested consumer If that doesn't work you can always find either a disgruntled employee or one of their texts who are really really into their job It's and like talking about it in that case. It's only going to cost you maybe a couple of beers And poorly placed security cameras They currently have maybe one or two security cameras once posted straight at the sign to let them know if anything's going wrong with it and Another one pointed towards traffic. They don't have one Towards the base to see if anybody's messing around And There's nothing separating you from the base of the billboard There are no gates barriers or prickly plants to keep you from messing around down there And of course, you know, there's the master lock which can be picked or cut off So now that we've covered that there is an update on this as well as some things that should be noted if you were going to try this What I didn't know before and therefore couldn't present last time was that companies usually use digital signage software That is ran mostly on XP machines The software company that distributes the software actively discourages the use of Apple and or Linux machines unless there's a XP virtual running on it Because they think XP security issues are irrelevant And that's a actually a direct quote from their website. It's irrelevant As far as notes go if you do do this don't do it during peak hours or during the day be inconspicuous and As always mind the orange sticker So the final example is something that I started to think about while I was flying down to Florida I had a layover in JFK and had time to walk around and get food while I was waiting in the Donkulously long Dunkin Donuts line. I got bored. I noticed that all of the restaurants there featured LCD screens with interactive menus Now like most of you when I get bored my brain starts hatching evil ideas that usually get me into trouble So that's what I realized, you know, these should be pretty easy to hack and display whatever I want to display on them So without further ado, here's some information. I got while researching these so you can take it and do with it as whatever you want so um First off, I want to note that there are currently no known cases of these getting hacked They're starting to grow in popularity though Only in places like airports, busier fast food restaurants as well as in movie theaters The software used to control and design these is the same that is used by the digital billboards So they're only run on XP machines And They're locked in the manager's office. These offices feature our best friend an unsecured wireless network Field research has shown that if one were to sit either in the concession stand area With a half full coke or near the bathroom with a bored look on your face But with a net book on you in both instances One should be able not only to connect to the network, but view stuff that they probably hope you can't Now since not all of us can be super hackers like Gregory Evans I'm now going to cover government responses to graffiti as well as the inherent legal concerns associated with graffiti All right, we're going to start off with the the United States There have been many pieces of graffiti red related Legislature passed many lawmakers view it as an in it as an expensive form of vandalism requiring repair of vandalized property The following laws are examples of such a legislature that was passed in the past 25 years in response to the increase of graffiti art appearing on the streets In 84 the Philadelphia anti-graffiti network or pagan was created to fight gang-related graffiti as well as commissioned murals from legitimate graffiti artists to be made at places that were common targets for gang-related graffiti in 92 Chicago banned the sale and possession of spray paint as well as certain edging tools and markers In 95 In 95 New York City officials created an anti-graffiti task force in response to the quality of life crime Which is what they consider graffiti to be The task force consisted of law enforcement officials as well as politicians who at that time also made it illegal to sell spray paint To anyone under the age of 18 as well as lock-up spray paint to dissuade shoplifting in 05 Pittsburgh created a database in order to try and link tags of known graffiti artists to instances of graffiti art in order to aid with a prosecution And in 2006 Newcastle County of Delaware made the sale of spray paint and permanent markers to anyone under 21 illegal Following the example of a similar law that was passed and then quickly repealed in York City earlier that year Now the US isn't the only country has passed laws in order to deter graffiti artists European countries Britain in particular have recently passed several pieces of graffiti related laws and acts such as the key pretty blah keep Britain tidy was passed in August of 2004 and supported proposals Such as issuing on-the-spot fines to people caught tagging buildings as well as banned spray paint sales to persons under the age of 16 It also went so far as to condemn the usage of graffiti images in adverts and music videos Saying that it is separated from reality and should not be shown as cool or edgy Later that year 123 MPs signed a charter stating that they'll do what they can to rid their country of graffiti and fight against graffiti artists including Banksy in particular was a main driving force for that year and In 2008 a conspiracy charge was used to convict graffiti artists Seven members of DPM were convicted with conspiracy to commit criminal charges damages that would cost at least one million pounds five received prison sentences and the rest were fined in Australia there aren't as many laws passed that ban graffiti as there were in Britain or in US But they definitely have some very interesting legal stances on it They have anti-graffiti squads under their employee who in are in charge of cleaning pieces of illegal graffiti I Specified the type of graffiti because Australia is one of the few places that have sections of the city that That are walls that are dedicated to graffiti artists where they can legally tag and bomb if they want Like everyone else though they have banned the sale and possession of spray paint for persons under 18 They have also made it so that if you're caught tagging you can be fined up to 26,000 US or Australian dollars and get up to two years of jail time If you're caught carrying spray paint without having a legal reason as to why you can be fined up to 550 Australian dollars There are several things that can be charged with when doing graffiti including vandalism If you're doing the roadside signs or the digital billboards you can be charged with hacking Trespassing, this is mostly applicable if you hop offence or are caught breaking into the manager's office when doing the digital menus upsetting public disorder James powder Lee from the graffiti research lab As well as several other activists and bloggers were charged with this and got 10 days jail time during a free Tibet demonstration in China And murder This is only a one-time occurrence I don't know if any of you remember in Russia a gentleman hacked digital billboards to show pornography well, one of the people in their cars had a heart attack and He was an older gentleman. He was really excited So he died and the hacker was then charged with the murder of that individual So with all the aforementioned potential crime charges and government's drinking hater aid One may wonder who would be interested in partaking in virtual graffiti. Well, there's several people including Artists, it's a new medium that is in a public place and gets lots of exposure There we go protesters virtual graffiti could be very useful when protesting outrage acts Protesting outrageous acts committed by local or federal governments For example, I'm not surprised actually I am kind of surprised that nobody has hacked the digital signs for the free buy read movement This would get a lot of attention Extremists digital billboards would be a great way for them to spread their message into a large audience quickly With little or no cost to them Governments for the same reason as the extremists and Hackers it's something new to exploit and learn about and young people because hormones plus destruction of someone else's properties equals Lulls and that's math. You can't argue math Why are they interested well, there are many reasons including Vandalism there will always be someone who gets off on destroying someone else's property Gorilla advertising Spreading propaganda. I mean why just settle for news TV commercials emails and posters? By placing your message on the billboard network It'll appear for eight seconds on every billboard in that particular network repeatedly for an undetermined amount of time It's undetermined because it's until they notice that you hacked their sign and Finally, you would want to do this for the lulls Unfortunately using this excuse will only be helpful if you are tried in the Internet court Well, that's it. I'd like to take a second to thank a few people namely totendad for doing my slideshow Rain in a key to firm making sure that I got off my ass and submitted a talk and Of course the graffiti research lab who does some really really amazing stuff Yeah, that's it. Yeah, I'm done early Does anyone have any questions that we want answered now? Yes troll Most of them are serial the question. I'm sorry the question was What kind of connections do they have in the control panel at the bottom of the digital billboards? And I found that in most cases it is serial Well, you okay, so the follow-up question was do you have to have a certain type of terminal software or? different image types usually when you if you want to have an image displayed on the digital billboards It's a jpeg. There's a certain size and it's all on the clear channel website actually because Well, exactly. Let's go break into some stuff But Unfortunately the digital billboards are only in certain places You guys don't have a lot of them out here in the West you Vegas is obviously an exception but places like Seattle for example doesn't have them yet, but a lot of people in the northeast and the south are starting to grow Yes The question was are there any examples besides the billboard in Russia of Digital billboards being hacked and the answer is no There I think it was 2008 2009 they thought that skull phone hacked a clear channel billboard in California turns out he paid for it and then leaked Letters to different places saying he hacked it But no other than the one in Russia there are no Known cases of the billboards being hacked. Do I think it's possible? Yes I just think we need to get off our butts and do it Well, they do have okay. The question was how do you load the images basically on to The digital billboards and they do have that digital signage software It's kind of hard to come across but they do offer a beta of the software on the company's website that you can download and use and If you feel like shelling out the cash for it You can buy it and then bit torrent for everybody else To my knowledge no one has done it yet. Like I said, there hasn't been many cases of the billboards being hacked So the knowledge on them are pretty limited. I didn't have the did the signage software on my machine when I went to go poke around but So most of it's up to research and speculation Unfortunately The roadside signs have a control panel with everything pre-loaded that you just have to type in Whatever you want displayed The no most of the electronic roadside construction signs don't have a port or anything that you need to plug a machine into They have that control pad in which you can enter data Possibly some of the other manufacturers do have a Place where you can insert to console, but I don't know about those. I didn't play around with those I just played with the adco ones with the control panel Yes, ma'am. I'm actually not a graffiti artist. I don't tag or anything. Unfortunately. I'm not that cool I'm mostly interested in the electronic side of it Anyone else? Oh, yes, I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I can't really hear you. Is that for the the menus or for the oh Yeah, honestly, you don't really have to drive around to map them. They have On their sign where each and every billboard or on their site on the clear channel website They have each and every location of every billboard they have up If you wanted to for fun That's actually a good question. I did not look into that but I if you want to give me your email I Can look into that and give you an email back