 We are nearing the final half an hour mark and of course I want to bring in the audience in just a bit not quite yet Not quite yet. I told your horses I will come to you in just a second because I can't imagine there'll be a number But I want to round up this this round before we are opening up and I'm gonna come to the three of you to To wrap it up Let me start with mark as I say you wrote a very comprehensive book on the war on terror and they are US Generals who are saying with the return of the Taliban now? We are seeing a return of al-Qaeda al-Qaeda is going to be is active in Afghanistan They're saying an imminent threat Perhaps you'd an imminent attack on the US could be realistic and feasible within the next five six months Is that your understanding? Is that is that your assessment as well? Joe Biden said that al-Qaeda was gone from Afghanistan, which is not true So we know that al-Qaeda is still there and we know that the ties have been maintained over the past 20 years And actually there are proofs of that for instance There was a 20 19 strike on the Taliban hideout in Musa cala and actually the emir of Al-Qaeda in the Asian subcontinent was killed in this operation So today again the Taliban have to walk the talk on this topic as well We cannot just believe what they say they signed the doha agreement and in the doha agreement They said that they would break ties but we have no control over that So I mean we need some evidence at some point and here obviously I mean al-Qaeda is different from ISIS because the Taliban and ISIS are at war and on the question of ISIS the Our question is not basically if the Taliban are willing to combat to confront this group If they are able to eradicate them in ISIS as approximately between 1,000 and 500 fighters and 2,000 and 200 that's quite a lot and if you if they managed to Control some part of Afghanistan then perhaps thing they can also export their violence to the west or to south a year right Tatiana there's no doubt that the hasty withdrawal on the part of the United States is a damage to the reputation Of if not credibility of the US of the West of NATO. I think there can be no no doubts about that Again, we talked about the aspect of shard and Freud perhaps that is coming from Moscow and Beijing looking at this How how lasting do you think this reputational damage truly is to the United States? Judging from where you are based Perçu par les Russes comme une opportunité géopolitique Je crois que c'est Zaki l'Aidi qui avait employé le premier jour le terme de une crise de l'adrige augmenter les leviers d'influence l'influence sur russe dans la région mais aussi dans les pays qui sont voisinant des régions donc évidemment c'est un grand dommage pour la répétation américaine dont les russe souhaiterait et espèrent bénéficier Avec la Chine évidemment c'est ce qu'on voit en premier le tandem qui pourrait éventuellement surcharger du problème et peut-être dans le cadre de l'organisation de coopération de Shanghai de fait l'Afghanistan qui a le statut d'observateur dans cette organisation à tous les pays les mitrofs sur le sauf le Turkmenistan qui sont membres de cette organisation mais on sait aussi les faiblesses de cette organisation qui est déchirée par les contradictions et les blocages notamment entre l'Inde et le Pakistan mais il y en a aussi d'autres donc la question aujourd'hui je vois dans les milieux d'expertise en matière de relation à Karin Sena la Russie le sujet qui est brassé c'est peut-on avoir une sorte de multilatéralisme à la carte au sein de l'organisation de coopération de Shanghai pour gérer ce problème-là mais le problème qui va se poser c'est le problème entre l'efficacité donc créer un groupe plus petit pour gérer le souci de l'Afghanistan et proposer de solution et la légitimité il faut que ça puisse être accepté par tous les autres mais en tout cas le dernier sommet de l'organisation de coopération de Shanghai au moins de septembre c'est saisis du problème et a formulé son souhait de voir l'Afghanistan notre et pacifique donc on va voir qu'elles sont à même temps ils n'ont pas il n'y a pas de pistes je vois pas de pistes concrètes qui se dégagent il est juste question de retravailler cette idée de création d'un groupe au sein de l'organisation de coopération de Shanghai mais rien de concrètes pour l'instant et puis je voulais juste dire deux mots vous avez dit qui connaît la réalité du terrain très honnêtement je pense que les russes c'était pas mal au courant de ce qui se passait il depuis 2017 il anticipait en fait la chute éventuelle du gouvernement gagne et c'était dans l'espace public en fait ces craintes là sur la fragilité de ce régime et je pense que c'est l'un des facteurs qui a poussé les russes à discuter avec les talibans se pragmatisme cette vision de la réalité du terrain dépourvue au fond de l'idéologie dans la meilleure optique possible encore une fois pour les russes le vrai problème c'est moins les talibans que leur soutien éventuel ou pas à différents gripes gris pescule basés sur leur territoire juste pour appel la dimanche poutine est arrivée au pouvoir en pleine guerre de chichini et les franges les plus radicales de combattants au nord cocase était soutenu depuis le territoire de l'arganistan et l'arganistan sous le premier rame des talibans était le seul pays au monde avoir reconnu l'hitchkeery indépendante l'hitchkeery c'est le terme pour la chichini donc c'est aussi la question quelle attitude des talibans vis-à-vis des mouvements séparatistes dans les pays avoisinant right so russia already had at least in terms of vision and tactics the leg up you're saying they were already arranging themselves for a new reality and China as we know you mentioned of course unlike the u.s. Has a somewhat pragmatic approach when it comes to conducting foreign policy So they will be dealing and with the taliban perhaps in a very different manner Let's let's round it up by bringing in mk. Narayan one more time before I handed it over to to the audience I know you wanted to jump into no I want to be The devil's advocated this fine time. I think this isn't an issue of I've of Whether the European Union or Russia or all the Americans are we have a problem There is a huge Implosion that is taking place in Afghanistan the jihadists across the world have Been electrified as a result. We already see the thing Al-Qaeda and its actualites like the Lashkar-e-Taybah and the Jaish-e-Mohammed in in the in the South Asian Context I have become why we see is a great deal of revival of the is is particularly the Coruscant group of the isis So these are the these are the issues The there is another problem that people are not talking about the opium trade has more or less Doubled or tripled in the course of the last few weeks. There's nobody's talking about it. What are we talking about? We have to stem that we Nation that deal with it we can't wait for Governments to be established before you do we need to deal with that problem then finally that is you have the problem of How do you deal with it now Tatiana was talking of the SEO now you start off by saying the SEO doesn't include the United States So I mean we cannot that's why I refer to a global concert We require the world to look at this problem because what is going to happen in Afghanistan in the next Year or so is going to dictate. What is the course of events across the world in there? I do I do you wanted to deliver the world to to the terrorist there is the Taliban is is what are called Extracent on the on the face of the of the earth in that sense So we need to deal with it and I think we read I think we should have a global concert a group of nations We've had that in the past it should include therefore not Not only the countries of Europe and this and that because that but certainly I mean One of the prime candidates for that would be the UAE because it has been done and it's got a now I'll record of doing many of these things certainly a country like India over there How do you keep Pakistan out of it will have to be a major factor because it is the So please look at this problem from this perspective Let us not allow ourselves to be driven by older kind of thing But the United States in particular needs to show ideological diversity As has been mentioned here or where you can't say we will not deal with this one We will not look at them because of kind of thing So I leave that because I think we've run out of time A lot more to say but that doesn't matter most most definitely and we will have more to say because we're going to the audience now, I think your point that Afghanistan is one of the most prominent geopolitical challenges awaiting us in the 21st century I think there can no be no two opinions about this Which is why the world policy conference has prominently featured this panel here on the subject matter