 Nanomaterials have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties compared to bulk materials. These extraordinary properties have led to numerous innovative applications across various fields including medicine, electronics, agriculture and more. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional physical and chemical synthesis methods. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physical chemical properties of nanoparticles, their characterization methods and common biogenic nanoparticles with applications in various fields. The aim is to make these methods more accessible to readers and help identify appropriate methodologies for nanoscience problems. This article was authored by Nadim Jouda and Dirk Link.