 One question for David, first of all super interesting exercise and yeah like of course you are considering like the household composition with the scale parameters to say that consumption could increase of course depending on the number of people there are economies of scale and so on. So like say of course liking well now what I was thinking is the poverty line that we have defined of course is individual income and maybe to apply that measure to the correction of household consumption actually is not properly by definition. So yeah like I was wondering like in this scenario like with other complementarist measure can we take into account like I don't know household poverty line depending on household composition exactly like to correct because of course like this correction like increase the consumption of a household given the same level of income depending on who is inside. So just a comment and I mean I don't have an answer I don't know if you do but I just think that bringing into this analysis household consumption essentially provides a new challenge that the old measures are not so appropriate but yeah super interesting also like to see bringing this on how all the conclusions and all the movement changes so much. Thank you for the presentations I have a question for David also two questions. One is I didn't get you mentioned in the introduction that you were aware of the problem that we don't do not really know who gets the money and that in the case of the CCTs may be an important you are locating all the money to the mother I understand in the case of CCT so if there is any way or if you have thought about any way of trying to solve that and then that it would be interesting to decompose that gender gap in the part that is due to the taxes or benefits because to better understand what is happening there in that in that difference between this possible and market that you are showing. Thank you. Any other questions if not I'll myself to ask a question to Daria and to Rodrigo. Daria you did not discuss the budgetary effects of course your policies are budget neutral but how by how much would tax revenue need to increase in terms of you know compared to GDP base comparing the baseline with your reforms would this be a big increase I'm just wondering in terms of how feasible this this policy especially the tax the tax site would be and Rodrigo so I understand that it's hard to validate the exercise that that we do but would it be possible to validate it with other days of other years of data for instance maybe for some African countries you have two sets of data with some of what you could do is do this now casting with the data that you already have okay so you take an old data from an African country in south mode you adjusted based on a data that you also have from out for another year in south mode and then you see how how well your you're not casting is you is doing okay so I mean of course it wouldn't be a validation in the COVID scenario but at least that would be an idea of how the method is performing so well thanks for the question regarding the scales the idea is not to increase consumption but you have for instance a hundred of income and a hundred thousand pesos for instance and the idea is if you increase the size of the household for instance if you have children inside the household is this a hundred is going to be reduced so we are trying to account for that in in the exercise that that we are doing and the other question is about consumption I think that that's not possible here because we are trying to understand I mean the idea to measure a welfare based on consumption I guess it's your question it's not possible here because the idea here is analyze income so if you mean if you meant a analyzing a consumable income that is like after tax and after a bit that's possible but if we are trying to measure welfare based on consumption we are not able to do it here mostly because in the household service we have a consumption at the household level so we are not able to the disentangle between women and men so that's them that's a problem there regarding the assignment of conditional cash transfers to mothers we have checked the the law in most countries for instance in Colombia they are here checked families in action is allocated to the mother in some cases the the transfer is allocated to the person that has an abac account for instance and we are in that case we assign the transfer to the head of the household that's the best guess we we have in all the transfers is not the case that in all the transfers the money goes to the mother is in some of them and if that is the case we inside the model we allocate them to the mother and the idea of the composite yes I think is very interesting we are checking the other literature especially this paper from these two colleagues from Ireland that decompose the effect of the gap the gap between taxes earnings and also the the effect of the hours of work because it for instance in in Europe is the case that women work less hour than ten minutes so we it's interesting to decompose here but I think it's next steps in our agenda with Javier thank you very much for this question I would really suggestion because I have the data of course on the budget that is required for this sort of exercise so the motivation I'm I can't tell you the percent of in terms of percent of GDP right now I need to look this up the the choice for this increase so I consulted with the national teams in these countries and so basically I chose this increase in VAT is at the starting points and the the other idea was to to see whether we could match and we could achieve the same level of increasing revenues through personal changes in personal income tax yeah so these are just two possible options there are other options are possible but I haven't yet considered them so thanks for this question thank you Javier I just agree with you so it was more like a comment right not a question and now for example we are updating the models for some countries with new data waves we are updating the Mozambique model with a data wave from 1920 and they are collecting new survey now so next year probably you have a new wave of the IOF that is Mozambique microdata so we can just compare the exercise we did with the real information yeah thank you okay are there yes more questions yes so yeah say I've worked I've the word that I do actually is about household decisions time use labor supply so I'm really related to this so say for example I know that or it depends on the measure of course but you can say exactly example just that you said one million for one individual typically you can think that is less that two individuals because the rent is less and depending on the measure and how you take into account if there are two adults with one million you say the scale parameter gives more consumption or this is of course a child will reduce it but in this regard maybe you are using like another another measure and now that I recall you said that is 0.5 if there are two adults and so please like but then I didn't follow why when you are taking into account like the household the poverty is being reduced because when I saw the that graph I said okay this is taking into account like some scale economics then it's creating more income or consumption and this is why is it like the poverty reduced when you take into a household so just a clarification then like yeah like about the measure and why is this dropping down so dramatically I just have a clarification question for Rodrigo honestly I don't know very much a bit about these methods but I just would like to know when you were showing these differences between informality and formal and informal workers I was wondering who exactly you are showing there like the change in the income because that status also changed with COVID right I mean there was a huge amount of people who jump from I know informality to just being at home or from being employed to unemployed etc so I just want a clarification about what exactly showing there thank you and Daria just one little clarification you have market values disposal income and consumption something like the measure that you have I'm just not related so can you tell us what is this measure about like the one that you saw consumption consumption all income a consumer consumable income versus is possible income that's right so these are static tax and benefit micro simulation models right so in this case what we do is we have the pre crisis data set so it's the same data that I explained it from Osambic for example so this data is let's say that's for 2019 so this informal people is basically assuming that in the same survey data in the same micro data a share of the population are in the informal sector okay and these will be constant when we simulate the shock so we cannot at least in these analysis here we cannot simulate transitions at the same time that we simulate the shock at least this is what we can do as far as my knowledge goes so yeah okay I think I have answered this so the measure I'm using is consumable income or post fiscal income so that's one step above disposable income that which is typically used in in fiscal incidents analysis so the difference is that you also subtract the indirect taxes so you account for this and then you arrive at the actual income that people can consume okay so the last graph the the main thing is that it was not the the ratio it was poverty incidents so we are analyzing poverty incidents assuming that we compared the line with the individual income we have three columns we have three columns individual couple and household so the main thing is it's not the same ratio it's poverty incidents so if you take only your income and apply poverty line so the the incidence is higher if you pull resources between couples the poverty decreases and if in the last option that we are using a equivalence scale that is different that we do here because in Colombia we have a per capita income we pull all incomes we don't have a equivalence scales but in the last bit we pull incomes from all sources so the incidence is lower that's the main thing I think the main confusion is because the last graph was poverty incidents and not the ratio perhaps to complement on David's answer the the reason for these differences is also household composition so when you go from the individual okay you see big disparities because you have individualized it no there's no pulling at any unit when you pull across couples there's income pooling between two people there's equivalent scales due to children but these mitigates especially gender differences I don't know if you notice but it drops to the levels of male poverty rates at the individual level mostly in all countries when you go to household the thing is that you are pulling now among more people so earnings of more people income of more people and especially in the context of Latin American countries you have multi generation families and imagine many people a young female workers living with their parents where their parents have pensions okay so then now you're pulling at the household level and that decreases farther the the poverty rates yeah and I don't know if there's any more questions yeah no it's just very very small when you're when you're pulling the couples there is still a difference right and it does this come from individuals who are single or okay yeah okay so I guess we are ahead of time but it's okay because we are hungry so thank you everyone for the questions thanks a lot for the presenters for the great presentations