 Welcome everyone. Thank you for joining us for today's webinar and for the launch of the second edition of the IWA-WHO Water Safety Plan Manual. My name is Philip De Souza and I'm an associate at Zittari, an engineering and advisory firm with officers throughout Africa and also in the Middle East. I'm also the co-chair of the IWA Water Safety Planning Specialist Group. And many of you on the call today probably participated in our very successful water safety planning conference which we held in Narvik, Norway last year. And hopefully you'll all be happy to know that we have already started planning our next conference for 2024. So please watch the space and please continue to interact with the Water Safety Planning Specialist Group. We really value your inputs. As you are aware, water safety planning is a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that includes all steps in the water supply system from catchment all the way through to consumer. And water safety planning is a proactive management system that ensures continuous supply of safe drinking water by number one, knowing your system thoroughly, identifying where problems might occur, putting barriers and management systems in place to stop these problems before they happen and making sure all parts of your water supply system work properly. The IWA and WHO released the Water Safety Plan Manual in 2009. And over the years, many of us on this call today have probably read, reread and debated the content they're of. This second edition aims to incorporate the lessons learned from almost 15 years of development and implementation of water safety plans by water utilities from around the world. Before we get started, let's look at some housekeeping. This webinar will be recorded and made available on demand on the IWA website. Also, we note that if you have any questions during the various presentations, please type them into the question box in your Zoom control panel at the bottom of the screen. The speakers will try to answer them following their various panel discussion presentations and we will then also have time for questions at the end. Please don't post any questions in the chat as this is reserved for other webinar related issues such as checking for sounds and connection. Okay, so over to the business of the day. You'll see that we have the various speakers on the next slide please. We have four speakers today. Darryl Jackson, who is a consultant from Australia, Margaret McCauley from Ghana Water Company Limited in Ghana, Asoka Jairatna from Yarra Valley Water in Australia, and then engineer Sonabal from the Department of Health in the Philippines. If we have a quick look at the agenda of the day, first we'll have some opening remarks from Bruce Gordon from the WHO. And then Darryl will give us an overview of what we can expect from the second edition of the Water Safety Plan Manual. We'll then have a panel discussion where we'll ask the various panelists some interesting questions and learn from the experiences. And then we'll have some time for open questions and answers for the panelists to look at. We'll then have some final remarks from Color from the IWA. Okay, so it's my privilege to now hand over to Dr. Bruce Gordon, who is the unit head of water, sanitation, hygiene and health at the World Organization. To open the session. Bruce, over to you. Thanks so much, Phillip. And thanks to all of you who have joined. I see there's nearly 300 people that have joined and I'm really excited about this session. So just really on behalf of IWA and WHO, I wanted to kind of welcome everyone. And as you were kind of saying, Phillip, the Water Safety Plan approach is just so important. Preventive risk management is the central recommendation of WHO's guidelines. And, you know, the difficult part about it is really not saying it sort of ought to be done, but how do we do it? And how do we do it, especially in resource limited contexts? How do we ensure equity is kind of integrated into the approach? And how do we kind of deal with some of the emerging climate risks? So as you said, Phillip, I mean, there's been, I would say even more than 15 years of experience now from practitioners, from water suppliers, inputs from regulators, we've had countless trainings, including the one you mentioned and meetings. So there's just been a real kind of, you know, opportunity to hear back about what's worked, maybe what hasn't worked so well from the first edition. And so the team that has put this together has really kind of tried so hard to make this as user friendly and practical as possible, bringing in all these lessons. And so that's my main point here is it does say WHO and IWA, but I see this as our collective resource. We all own this. It's a joint global effort. And so that is why I am so pleased with it. So I think without further ado, I just maybe wanted to end on this point. And that is, you know, as the world kind of is coming together in New York, actually now it's this month to for our biggest kind of engagement on trying to improve, you know, water supply and sanitation across the world. Certainly WHO's commitment is to try to, you know, provide a great space for technical assistance on preventive risk management and water safety planning. And it's a pleasure to do this with IWA and all of you. So I think with that, I will pass this back to you, Philip, and, you know, with a lot of enthusiasm. Thanks very much for really appreciate your inputs and support over the years. I think water safety planning has made a huge impact on municipalities and utilities around the world. And it's thanks to the great initiatives of the IWA and WHO. So now on to the main event and a man who needs little introduction in water safety planning circles. Daryl Jackson has been assisting WHO in its support of water safety plans for many years, mostly through capacity building and water safety planning assessments. And if you have been fortunate enough, as I have, you have set through a Daryl Jackson training session. He's one of the authors of the second edition of the WSP manual. And it has started way back in 2018 already with these amendments. Daryl, everyone is eagerly awaiting your presentation and you're showing us the new baby. Thank you. Okay. Thanks very much, Philip. And good day to you all. And I hope you are all well. So I'm really delighted to introduce to you the second edition of the manual. Firstly, let's highlight some of the key drivers for revising the manual. Global experience. Since the publication of the first edition in 2009, we've seen strong global uptake of WSP's. And that's a trend expected to continue throughout the SDG era. A 2017 report found that over 90 countries were implementing WSP's or equivalent. So there was a good opportunity to learn from these practitioners about their experiences with the first edition and use these learnings to strengthen the guidance. The second edition also gives us an opportunity to address some common misunderstandings or misconceptions. For example, how the various types of monitoring fit within the WSP framework and some aspects of the risk assessment methodology. Thirdly, it became clear that water safety planning is broader than just water quality. The revised manual needed to better integrate aspects other than quality. For example, by providing more clarity on water quality and acceptability issues. But still within the context of public health protection, which is, after all, the core purpose of water safety planning. Fourthly, the new manual needed to keep a pace with growing challenges and uncertainties faced by water suppliers. Like impacts from population growth, urbanization and land use pressures, climate variability and change. And to ensure that resilient water supplies deliver equitable benefits to all users. And a critical lesson we learned is that greater attention is needed on the actual implementation of WSP's. And we're not just talking of developing a better document that sits on the shelf, but actually embedding water safety planning in day-to-day operations, monitoring and management. And this is key to achieving and sustaining the benefits of WSP's at scale. And how to do this needed to be better reflected in the new manual. So how did we undertake the revision? So here's a high-level summary of the revision and stakeholder engagement process. It began in 2017 with a global training event in Kenya where a number of WSP experts shared their experiences with the first edition of the manual. This led to recommendations for revision of the manual and this was informed by an extensive global stakeholder interview process. A first annotated outline was issued for peer review in 2018. And from this a series of drafts were developed before a global peer review was completed in 2022. More than 30 respondents representing experts and practitioners from all six WHO regions including water suppliers, operators and regulators were involved. So before I highlight some of the key changes to the second edition, which is I'm sure what you really want to know, it's worth noting that the fundamental WSP approach has not changed. The experience of thousands of WSP practitioners has demonstrated the soundness of the WSP risk management approach. The first change to highlight is that the new manual makes it explicitly clear that water safety must holistically consider aspects relating to quality, acceptability and quantity whilst framing these in the context of public health protection. This was covered to an extent in the first edition, but the new edition clarifies this and emphasises the importance of this holistic approach. Here's just one example of how we've done this. In module three, the first edition classified hazards as microbial, chemical, radiological and physical. Whereas in the second edition, physical hazards have been reclassified as aspects relating to the user acceptability of the water. And we've introduced quantity related hazards to better reflect hazards that may arise from climate impacts, as well as those relating to equity issues for all users of the system. These changes in module three are then addressed throughout the subsequent modules, such as the risk assessment, improvement planning, operational monitoring and so on. In terms of the second change, it's clear from practical experiences that while practitioners will develop a robust WSP plan, often there's a sense that the job is then done with limited attention given to actually implementing the plan. And as we all know, a plan does not manage risks. People actively implementing the plan is what is required for effective water safety planning. And this applies particularly for issues like monitoring, verifying and auditing as shown here. We convey the importance of this throughout the entire manual. One example of this is by presenting the WSP process as a continuous cycle, which can be visualized in four quadrants as shown in this WSP in action diagram. This includes the development stage, the operational stage, the verification stage and finally the review and update stage, which leads back to further WSP development and a continuous process of WSP strengthening. So this makes it clear that developing the plan itself is really just the first step. And the active implementation of the remaining stages is essential for effective and sustained outcomes. Showing an example here from module five for improvement planning. It's clear that in the development phase, the improvement plans are prepared. These must be actively implemented in the operation stage. And progress on the improvement plans should be regularly reviewed and the plans updated as needed in the WSP review and update stage. In addition, we provide more concrete and real-world examples to support modules six to ten, particularly around operational monitoring and WSP verification. There's strength and messaging on the concept of progressive improvement. And this helps practitioners better understand the importance of getting started and improving the WSP over time as resources and capacities allow. So in essence, not letting the perfect WSP be the enemy of a good WSP. Some examples are shown here and this message is highlighted within the relevant modules. Thirdly, a need was identified to clarify certain aspects of the risk assessment methodology. To bring more clarity, module three now deals exclusively with the identification of hazards and hazardous events and introduces a template to help WSP teams better define their hazardous events to support subsequent risk assessment and prioritization. In addition, module four now deals exclusively with the risk assessment, where a one-stage risk assessment is presented as the default example, but with supporting guidance on the benefits and limitations of this approach relative to a two-stage risk assessment. Further, the definitions in the risk matrix have been strengthened alongside additional examples to help WSP teams define the risk matrix in their own context. And the last key change to highlight now is the integration of climate and equity considerations within the guidance. Since the publication of the first edition, WHO has published supplementary guidance for these aspects, the Guide to Equitable Water Safety Planning and Climate Resilient WSP's on the right. It's important to convey that these elements are not bolt-on or optional or that they are separate activities to call water safety planning. So the second edition has streamlined these considerations into the guidance to help ensure more resilient drinking water supplies for the full diversity of system users. The second edition doesn't replace these documents, but integrates their core messages in the main WSP approach and there's clear signposting in the manual for more detailed information from both documents. So those are the key headlines from the revision process and in terms of some additional points of interest. A strong emphasis has been placed on sharing real-world challenges and practical solutions. Each module is supported by illustrative case studies spanning all six WHO regions and representing both lower and higher income settings. Now the manual itself is broken into four parts as shown here. These are self-explanatory, but I'll highlight a couple of points of interest. The toolbox materials are available to download in editable formats. They include some suggested templates for most modules. This is especially of interest to newcomers to water safety planning. And there are also supplementary toolboxes available via links. And these topics include a worked example, a system description checklist, list of possible threats in a range of example risk matrices. Annex 1 highlights the key changes made to compare with the first manual. Annex 2 gives guidance on how to manage WSP's when you have multiple systems. Annex 3 suggests how to use WSP's in conjunction with other management systems like ISO 9001, HACCP and ISO 31000. Annex 4 compares the single and the dual stage risk assessment approaches. Well, you may be wondering if you're now using water safety panning should these changes affect your current WSP? Firstly, don't panic. It's not necessary to update your WSP's immediately. Consider the changes during your WSP reviews. And if changes are beneficial in your context, gradually integrate these changes in future iterations of the WSP. So that's it from me. Back to you, Phillip. Thank you, Daryl. Yeah, and hopefully participants and practitioners are comforted by the fact that the second edition is not reinventing the wheel but rather refining it. And also I welcome the addition of some of these supplementary tools and templates. And I think they will be of great use to many utilities and municipalities out there. A reminder to please continue to pose your questions in the Q&A. I notice we have had a couple of questions already, but yeah, we will have an opportunity for Q&A session at the end of the panel discussion. And that brings us onto the panel. I would like to take this opportunity to briefly introduce our panelists and just to note that our panel reflects practitioner experience, including that from water utilities and also regulators from diverse settings. So there's obviously a lot of other practitioners and experts out there. We have tried to make sure that we are covering as much of the bases as possible in the limited time that we have. I'd like to start by introducing Dr. Margaret McCauley. She's currently the Chief Manager of Water Quality Assurance for Garner Water Company Limited. And prior to this she served for five years as the water quality manager in charge of the Garner Water Central Laboratory with the ACRA team Aeroproduction Region. She has been breaking ground for women scientists and engineers in Ghana since she began a professional career with Garner Water in 1992 and has both on the ground operational experience and management experience regarding developing and implementing water safety plans. Our next panelist is Ahsoka Jairatna and he is the Water Quality Specialist at Yarra Valley Water in Melbourne, Australia. He's a chartered civil engineer with more than 40 years of experience in the water industry and he has been with Yarra Valley Water since 1997. Ahsoka has been assisting WHO since about 2009 with several water safety planning initiatives including authoring and reviewing various publications with capacity building programs including training and auditing in the Philippines, Vietnam, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Ghana, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Our third panelist is engineer Sonabal who currently works at the Department of Health in the Philippines. Her main tasks focus on policy making and technical assistance on programs and projects related to environmental health. Engineer Sonabal is part of the core team that has crafted the two vital water quality policies in the Philippines including the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water of 2017 and the National Policy on Water Safety Plans for All Drinking Water Service Providers. She has an undergrad degree in civil engineering and environmental and sanitary engineering and she also has a master's in public health and a master's in municipal water and infrastructure engineering. And then our fourth panelist is Darryl who we all know. So for the panel discussions we have going to pose questions to our panelists and then we will hear their response and please feel free to add in any further questions that you would like the panelists to answer. So I'm going to start with Margaret and Margaret. The question I'm going to ask you today is in your experience, what have been the challenges with trying to move from the development of water safety plans to the implementation and how can you describe any of the steps that you're currently putting into place to overcome some of these barriers to help your organization go on a water company limited to progress towards effective implementation of water safety planning. Over to you Margaret. Thank you very much Philip. I'm very happy to be part of this the engagement this morning and I'd like to answer the question by indicating that Ghana Water Company Limited has installations all over the country that is in Ghana, more than 95 different systems all over the country. And we have 15 regions. So if to answer the question of the challenges, the main challenge that we have had has to do with transfer of staff. And Ghana Water has not started implementing across the other regions. So we started by a pilot in just one region in one system. And what happened, the main challenge, as I said, is the fact that as a company, we tend to transfer our staff from time to time. So the core team that worked on the water safety plan development in the system where we did the pilot, almost all of them have been transferred to other regions, including the team lead. So that has had a very big impact on the continuity because they have been replaced. That's the second challenge, they replaced staff. They do not have the knowledge, the experience and the skills that the team, the original team had. So these have been the main two main challenges. And I would like to add a third. The third challenge is also the fact that water safety planning is not a key performance indicator for my utility. It has not been a key performance indicator for my utility. It's only since 2022, just last year, that our regulator has now made it a key performance indicator. And the implication of that, the reason why that is a challenge is because if it is not a key performance indicator, it means that it doesn't even have a place with respect to reporting. So the chief managers or the regional leadership in all our regions do not have to report on water safety plan implementation. So these are the three main challenges that we have had. And with respect to the measures that we have taken, we have now completed the regional sensitization. We've had to do the regional sensitization after it became a KPI. So we've traveled across the whole country. We have sensitized more than 600 staff and stakeholders. And then also now it is a KPI. So that's a very, very important aspect. And it also is now a standard according to the Ghana standard authority. And the next step, which we are working on is to, we've selected some staff that are going to participate in the modular trainings. And we are ensuring that in order not to have the same problem recurring, we are bringing staff from all over the 15 regions so that when staff are transferred, they go to the new region with the knowledge and the experience of the water safety plan, the document development. And also we now have a guidance document that has been developed. Assisted by consultants from Australia, Soka, my colleague on the panel was one of them. They have helped us to come up with a guidance document. And that also is going to play a very important role. What it means is that every staff will have this document as a guide. And also the main objective of the training, one of that training is to ensure that each regional team that will participate in the modular training will come out by the end of the training. We expect every team to have a draft at least of the regional water safety plan for at least two of their systems. So these are some of the measures that we have put in place to ensure that we overcome the challenges that we had previously and to move forward with this implementation. Thank you. Thanks very much, Margaret, for sharing some of those insights, some of the challenges that you have faced in the past and how you're trying to overcome them. And hopefully some of the other utilities and municipalities on the call can learn from that, including making sure that you are involving everyone as far as you can. And making it part of people's day-to-day experiences and then incentives like their performance indicators, management contracts and so forth. Thanks for sharing. Ahsoka, I'm going to move over to you and the question I would like to pose to you is, how has water safety planning supported your utility to effectively prepare for and respond to emergency situations, including those related to weather events as well as planning for longer-term climate change? Ahsoka. Thanks, Philip. Hi, everyone. It's great to see nearly 400 participants attending this event. That shows great interest. Yara Valley Water is a world leader in application of water safety plan approach since way back in 1999. And this meant this voluntary approach helped us to implement water safety plans and they became mandatory in the state of Victoria in 2003. We call them risk management plans. Back then, we did have an emergency management framework. However, that framework was not comprehensive in the coverage of safe and clean drinking water. That means water quality. What changes happened since the implementation of the water safety plans? There were significant changes through the implementation of the water safety plans into our emergency management framework. For example, every water treatment plant in Melbourne, so in Melbourne we have a wholesaler and three retail water agencies, a number of water treatment plants, and each of those treatment plants have site-specific emergency response plans. At Yara Valley Water, we have developed an emergency response plan for drinking water quality. We also have emergency response plans for other products or services, such as recycled water, even sewage treatment plants. They are all part of the framework. One thing to remember and very important to note is these documents are not documents sitting in shelves. They are continuously reviewed, literally after every incident, and they are updated on regular updates. If you look at our current emergency response plan for water quality, that incorporates all the learnings from past events. The framework is consistent across all water agencies in Victoria, other stakeholders or agencies who get involved in incidents, such as the police, the environmental protection authority, emergency services, and various other government departments. We all talk the same language when we are out of our comfort zone in an incident and emergency situation. How did this help us to manage situations or events related to climate change? Unfortunately, we had quite a large number of events, climate-related events. In 2017, we had a very heavy rainfall event. That was something that we never experienced before. In 2020 and 2021, we had two storm events that were very challenging for the water supply system and also the other systems like sewage systems. We can't forget the pandemic. Of course, we were reasonably prepared to face such incidents. As I said, emergency management, like the water safety plans, is not a static process. Incorporating all the learnings, we have appointed a dedicated emergency management coordinator just soon after those 2020 and 2021 storm-related events. That person coordinates all the emergency activities, working with various government departments within Yara Valley Water, with operational planning, logistics, etc. It's very easy one person coordinating the whole emergency event. Climate change is always challenging, but also emerging contaminants is going to be challenging for all of us. We have what we call a climate adaptation plan. Again, it's part of the state, at a high level, the state climate adaptation plans, but we have our own climate adaptation plans, which includes the water quality. Historically, we've always included current risks. Now with the climate change, we do have to include the future risks related to climate change. From those examples I mentioned, the water safety plan really helped us and will enable you to strengthen the existing emergency management frameworks. Finally, I would like to remind that the success of WSP, whether it's a emergency response plan or WSP as a whole, will always be dependent on how you're operationalizing what you do in the field. That's what we practice every day and the learnings are incorporated into the plans continuously. It's never a static document. I hope that helps. Thanks, Phillip. Thanks, Ahsoka. We're also emphasizing the fact that these emergency plans should be living documents and that everybody on the ground needs to know exactly how they work. All the practitioners need to know how they work so that in an emergency situation, everybody can jointly address the emergency. We're going to move on to our third panel member, Sonabal. The question I'm going to ask you as a Department of Health official is how can governments best support water suppliers with sustained and effective water safety planning? Thank you. Thank you very much, Phillip. Hello again from the Philippines to my co-panelists, Ahsoka and Margaret and Darian, and to IWA team and WHO team or to everyone in this webinar. Hello. Just a short background before I answer that question, Phillip. My organization, the Philippine Department of Health at a national level where I belong has a mandate to formulate policy guidelines and standards pertaining to water safety plan. As of today, we have three national policies on water safety plan. The national policy on water safety plan for all drinking water service providers, where we set a national policy to require all of them, the drinking water service providers in the country to develop and implement water safety plan. Second, we have the guidelines for the review and approval of the water safety plan of drinking water service providers that set the guidelines for the review and approval of the review and approval of the water safety plan, and also the review analysis that we have now. Specifically, on the creation of a review committee of different levels of the national, of the regional, and of the local level and detail procedures in the evaluation and the approval of the review tool. Third, we have now the guidelines for monitoring and auditing That set the guidelines for monitoring the progress of the WSP development of the drinking water service provider. Number two, the purpose of that guideline is to monitor the implementation of the approved WSP. And number three, of course, the auditing on the implementation of the approved WSP. Now on the question on how the government can best support water suppliers with sustained and effective water safety planning. We are currently doing the following first by issuing a certificate of water safety plan acceptance. So this is a very wonderful crafted acceptance that you can display it in your offices or in your utility. So we provided this to the drinking water service provider with an approved, those only with approved water safety plans. This is also an indication that they comply to the policy on the Philippine National Standards of Drinking Water. The latest addition that we have is the 2017 edition where water safety plan is one of the very important provision or provision that you have to comply. For example, for the water districts that we have in the Philippines around like 600 functional one or a bridge of 600. Their compliance to the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water is included as a KPI or Key Performance Indicator. In the evaluation whether the personnel at that water utility or at that water district may receive the performance based bonus or the PBB. So other incentives and mechanism for other water service providers are still to be developed. Second, we're planning to do audit of water supply providers with approved water safety plans every three years. This will be based on our guidelines for the monitoring and auditing of WSP. Third and lastly, we're currently activating all drinking water quality monitoring committees or abbreviation quite long like LDWQMC. Nationwide to strengthen the local drinking water quality surveillance or the LDWQS. So we have these administrative issuance jointly by the Department of Health and the Department of Interior and Local Government because at the Department of Health we cannot do this alone. So we need another department so that this policy will be implemented down at the local level. So we have the Department of Interior and Local Government. So we have these joint issuance. We will ensure that all water water service provider in the country will develop their water safety plan as required by our issuance or administrative order on water safety plan. Now it's good that in the Philippines we will be tapping the existing we call the Enter Agency Committee on Environmental Health or ISA to push nationwide the water quality monitoring which will oblige all water service providers to test their water and ensure that the water that their water meet the Philippine national standards for drinking water. I think that's all. Thank you very much. Thank you Sonabal. And I think also for sharing some of those insights related to incentives and how we can make sure that there's healthy competition amongst utilities and sharing of good practices amongst peers and so forth. So thanks for sharing that and hopefully some other countries on the call can also learn from those experience. We're going to ask Daryl, our fourth panelist to answer the last question that we have for the panel, which is Daryl, can you share your reflections on the issues that the panel has raised so far and how the second edition of the Water Safety Planning Manual can help to address these practical challenges. I think some of these questions might also be coming through in the Q&A that I'm seeing so far. So thank you. Over to you Daryl. Okay. Thanks. A couple of issues that Sonabal and Margaret raised about KPIs. I think that's a really good example of something that is just touched on in the manual. What I didn't say is that part two of the manual has, which is like an introduction and a quick guide to WSP's has about three, two or three pages on examples of what makes a successful WSP. So we've listed about sort of 10 or 12 sort of headline issues with some little summary notes. And while that won't cover everything, a lot of the examples that they've said it probably is picked up there. So that part two of the manual may have some good tips for people trying to, you know, face some of the real life challenges. And the issue that Ahsoka mentioned about the WSP's and emergency response plans and so on that the WSP is not replacing them. I think it's really important. And one of the things we do in the manual is highlight that the WSP isn't meant to replace everything. It's there as an overriding umbrella is the way to approach things. And so we're not there to sort of start from scratch and write again. So if you have existing management systems like ERPs, you basically strengthen them and the WSP should be a good prompt to try and do that. I think that's all I can comment on now and we'll wait till some other questions and answers later. Thanks, Phillip. Thanks, Darryl. Yeah, so so far I think we've got about 20 questions that we can look at. We are rapidly running out of time. And just to note that if we don't manage to answer the questions within the session, there will be answered and we will be posting to all those registered for the webinar. So you will receive answers to all of your questions. The moment that most people have been waiting for and I saw that there were a couple of questions as to when can we actually get the second edition of the manual. You can see on the screen, there is a website address and also if you have a mobile device, you could just scan the QR barcode and that should take you to the link where you can download the second edition of the water safety planning manual. With that, we are going to move over to some of the questions that have been posed and we're going to probably have about five minutes of questions. And I'm going to perhaps just ask the first question which is related to continuity of supply, so it's probably around intermittent supply versus continuity of supply. Is it given attention in the new manual? Because in my opinion, the question notes here continue to will affect the quality of water delivered to the consumer. Any of our panelists, do you want to answer that? I'll have a quick answer to that. Yes, it is mentioned. We have one of the tool boxes is I suggested issues to think about when you're doing the system description. Intermittent supplies is definitely one of the issues there. And in the worked example, intermittent supplies are also there. So that's just a very short answer to that. Great. A question here from Daniel. Darryl is correct that number one, the plan doesn't control the risk. And number two, that once the plan is written, many conclude that the job is done. How does this revision help to resolve that implementation problem in ways that the previous WSP manual did not? Or is it really still down to the regulators and the water suppliers? I'll have another. Good question. Thanks, Daniel. I guess at an overall level, what the manual tries to do is to give a lot more examples and illustrations of specific implementation activities. So it'd be pretty hard to pick up the manual now and not understand that going beyond the plan, beyond the system assessment is really part of a WSP. And we've done that by having particular sections within each module that talk about that. And that diagram, which keeps popping up, which WSP and Action Diagram, we hope reinforces that need. But as for whether it's really up to governments or the water suppliers, the answer is yes. It still is up to governments and water suppliers to make sure it's done. And what our contribution to that is to make sure it's really well understood with specific examples of what actions the implementation really looks like. That's my best attempt at that one. Great. Thank you, Daryl. Another question from Mark, integrating climate change is straightforward, but please expand on equity considerations. Is this bringing in the concept of assurance of supply to all water users with different priorities, essentially all competing for the same finite water resource? Can you just expand a little bit on equity? OK, well, there is a whole publication on equity, but essentially equity is saying both if you're looking at an individual water supply system, or whether you're looking at a whole collection of water supply systems to make sure that safe water is delivered to everybody, not just some. And how you approach that will obviously vary according to your context. So this means that at all stages, sorry, most stages or most modules of the WSP, there are particular questions to ask about equity for all the users and so on. So I think my suggestion is that you have a look at the WSP equity guidelines for more guidance there. But in overview, it's something that should be integrated and mainstreamed in every aspect, whether it's a single WSP or multiple WSP. All right, thank you. We have a question here from Margaret from Elvis. First, he thanks Margaret for input. And he asks, to the best of his knowledge, the Ghana Water Company Limited takes care of urban water supply and delivering Ghana. And Margaret, are you aware of any plans to implement water safety plans in the rural settings where most people are dependent on mechanical boreholes and limited systems? Margaret? Margaret, are you there? Hello, can I hear me? Yes, we can. Okay, thank you very much. Yes, it is true that Ghana Water Company Limited is responsible for the urban communities in Ghana. And we have another company in Ghana, we have just two utilities, one for the urban sector and the other one that is community water and sanitation agency. They are responsible for rural water supply. And interestingly, they are ahead of the urban utility. They have actually moved forward with the implementation of water safety plans. It is now one of the indicators that the regional management and other staff signed to. So they are way ahead of us. They have implemented it in many of their systems. Great. Thank you. Perhaps, Daryl, more questions for you. Perhaps you can help us. Firstly, we seem to have quite a few questions about will the water safety planning manual second edition be available in different languages? And then, are there any plans for training packages around this second edition? Do you have any insights there you can share? Yep. As far as the languages go, yeah, the translation into some other languages is a top priority for WHO. And planning is already underway for that, initially focusing on French and Spanish with additional languages to follow soon. I don't have a timeline on that. I'm asked for training packages. Yes, there are some training packages being developed right now, which will work around for the second edition. First of all, it's being done as an introduction, but then the plan is to roll that out. And that will be done probably through WHO, open WHO sort of web services. Great. Thank you. And I'm sure WHO can provide more information on other plans they have there. Wonderful. Ladies and gentlemen, we are running out of time. I know we have not addressed all of the questions yet in the session. But as I've mentioned earlier, we will be answering all the questions and we will be sharing the answers with everyone that is registered for the webinar. We are going to move over to closing the session. Just a reminder of some upcoming IWA webinars. On the 8th of March, we will have a webinar on empowering women in water perspectives from the African region. So please register for that event. And then also on the 5th of April, there will be a young water professionals event that's happening and how you can actually create an IWA Young Water Professionals chapter within your country. Also a reminder that if you would like to join the IWA network of water professionals, there's a discount code that you can use for that. So in order to close the session, unfortunately, Kala, the executive director of the IWA could not join us live, but he did take the time and energy to put together a little video for us. So I'm going to ask William to play that video for us now. Over to you, William. Thanks. Thank you. I might say what a pleasure it is to be part of this event. As we bring things to a close, I would first like to thank all of the panelists for their excellent thought-provoking discussions. Just as importantly, I would like to thank you all, the participants, for being part of the launch of the second edition of the Water Safety Plan Manual. The backdrop to why we are here today is that despite the many global efforts aimed at achieving SDG 6.1, the challenges arising from population growth, rapid urbanization and changing weather patterns continue to hamper the provision of sustainable supplies of drinking water. As such, there is a growing pressure on utilities to effectively manage water resources to ensure access both in terms of quality and quantity in the face of these challenges. Today, water safety plans are considered the most effective tool for maintaining safe supply of public drinking water. Their use ensures water is safe for human consumption and meets regulatory water health standards. In 2004, water safety plans were included in the third edition of the WHO's Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality and the International Water Association's Bond Charter for Safe Drinking Water. Since then, a significant number of water suppliers have implemented water safety plans directly, and national governments are now promoting their implementation, including them in national legislation. Since 2001, IWA, with the support from WHO, have coordinated projects supporting the implementation of water safety plans in various countries across Africa. These include Pekina Faso, Uganda, Ghana, Guinea and Tanzania, with Kenya, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Senegal being among other examples. These projects have not only improved water supply safety through the implementation of plans, they have also built a critical mass of expertise, tools and case studies to catalyze large-scale water safety plan implementation across sub-Saharan Africa. It has been 14 years since the development of the first water safety plan manual, which was released in 2009. Today, we are happy to hear that over 93 countries worldwide have implemented water safety plans. We believe many lessons have been learned since the first manual was completed, and these are no doubt points on which clarification would be useful. So considering the changing times and advances in technologies coupled with the evolving global challenges, an update of the manual was considered timely. The second edition reflects the many years of practical experience from the global application. Equity and climate considerations have been integrated to help ensure more resilient drinking water supply, more case studies have been included. In addition, the layout of this second edition has been simplified. We therefore believe this new edition will go a long way in supporting users both at the early stages of water safety plan development, as well as those who are already implementing them. As valuable as the manual is, and with water safety plans now being adopted worldwide, it is important that stakeholders fully understand each of the modules to ensure successful implementation. With this in mind, a global training package for this edition will be launched in the middle of the year that will help facilitate training. Also, we are planning to hold a more in-depth session to further discuss the manual at the upcoming IWA Water and Development Congress in Kigali, Rwanda in December 2023. Lastly, we are also considering translating the manual into French and Spanish later in the year and perhaps other additional languages after that. We encourage everyone to embrace this new manual. The launch of the second edition is an important landmark in the progress of water safety plans. I would like to finish by taking this opportunity to express gratitude to our partners from WHO for their support and also to the National Institute of Public Health Japan for their continued financial support. And lastly, a big thank you to all those who supported the review process. So finally, congratulations to everyone on this great achievement. I look forward to many, many more great success stories. Thank you and I wish you all well.