 section 50 of English synonyms and antonyms. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Kate McKenzie. English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin-Fernald. Prejudice to prime evil. Prejudice. Synonyms. Bias, partiality, preconception, prepossession, presumption, unfairness. A presumption, literally a taking beforehand, is a partial decision formed in advance of argument or evidence usually grounded on some general principle and always held subject to revision upon fuller information. A prejudice or prepossession is grounded often on feeling, fancy, associations, etc. A prejudice against foreigners is very common in retired communities. There is always a presumption in favor of what exists so that the burden of proof is upon one who advocates a change. A prepossession is always favorable, a prejudice always unfavorable, unless the contrary is expressly stated. Compare. Injury. Antonyms. Certainty. Conclusion. Conviction. Demonstration. Evidence. Proof. Reason. Reasoning. Prepositions. Against. Rarely. In favor of. In one's favor. Pretence. Synonyms. Affectation. Air. Assumption. Cloak. Color. Disguise. Dissimulation. Excuses. Mask. Pretension. Pretext. Rouse. Seeming. Semblance. Show. Simulation. Subdiffuge. Trick. While. A pretence in the unfavorable, which is also the usual sense, is something advanced or displayed for the purpose of concealing the reality. A person makes a pretence of something for the credit or advantage to be gained by it. He makes what is allowed or approved a pretext for doing what will be opposed or condemned. A tricky schoolboy makes a pretence of doing an errand which he does not do, or he makes the actual doing of an errand a pretext for playing truant. A ruse is something, especially something slight or petty, employed to blind or deceive so as to mask an ulterior design and enable a person to gain some end that he would not be allowed to approach directly. A pretension is a claim that is or may be contested. The word is now commonly used in an unfavorable sense. Compare. Artifice. Hypocrisy. Antonyms. Actuality. Candour. Fact. Frankness. Guilessness. Honesty. Ingenuousness. Openness. Reality. Simplicity. Sincerity. Truth. Prevent. Synonyms. Anticipate. Forstall. Obviate. Proclude. The original sense of prevent, to come before, act in advance of, which is now practically obsolete, was still in good use when the authorised version of the Bible was made, as appears in such passages as, When Peter was come into the house, Jesus prevented him, that is, addressed him first. Matthew, Chapter 17, Verse 25. Thou preventest him with the blessings of goodness, that is, by sending the blessings before the desires formulated are expressed. From Psalms, Chapter 21, Verse 3. Anticipate is now the only single word usable in this sense. To forstall is to take or act in advance in one's own behalf and to the prejudice of another or others, as in the phrase, to forstall the market. But to anticipate is very frequently used in the favourable sense, as his thoughtful kindness anticipated my wish, that is, met the wish before it was expressed, or we say, I was about to accost him when he anticipated me, by speaking first, or one anticipates a payment by making it before the time. In neither of these cases could we use forstall or prevent. To obviate, literally to stop the way off or remove from the way, is to prevent by interception, so that something that would naturally with standard disturb may be kept from doing so. To preclude, literally to close or shut in advance, is to prevent by anticipation or biological necessity. Walls and bars precluded the possibility of escape. A supposition is precluded. Necessity or difficulty is obviated. Prevent, which at first had only anticipatory meaning, has come to apply to the stopping of an action at any stage. The completion or conclusion only being thought of as negative by anticipation. The enemy passed the artworks and were barely prevented from capturing the fortress. Compare, hinder, prohibit, preposition. He was prevented by illness from joining the expedition. Previous, synonyms, antecedent, anterior, earlier, foregoing, former, forward, front, introductory, precedent, preceding, preliminary, prior. Antecedent may denote simple priority and time, implying no direct connection between that which goes before and that which follows, as the striking of one clock may always be antecedent to the striking of another with no causal connection between them. Antecedent and previous may refer to that which goes or happens at any distance in advance. Proceeding is limited to that which is immediately or next before. An antecedent event may have happened at any time before. The preceding transaction is the one completed just before the one with which it is compared. A previous statement or chapter may be in any part of the book that has gone before. The preceding statement or chapter comes next before without an interval. Previous often signifies first by right as a previous engagement. Foregoing is used only if that which is spoken or written, as the foregoing statements. Anterior, while it can be used of time, is coming to be employed chiefly with reference to place, as the interior lobes of the brain. Prior bears exclusive reference to time and commonly where that which is first in time is first also in right as a prior demand. Former is used of time or of position in written and printed matter, not of space in general. We can say former times, a former chapter, etc., but not the former part of a garden. We should say the front part of the garden, the forward cart of a train. Former has close relation or shock contrast with something following. The former always implies the latter, even when not fully expressed, as in Acts verse one, chapter one, and Ecclesiastes chapter seven, verse 10, antonyms after concluding consequent following hind hinder hind post later latter posterior subsequent succeeding preposition. Such was the stage of things previous to the revolution. Previous to is often used adverbally in constructions where previously to would be more strictly correct as these arrangements were made previous to my departure price synonyms charge cost expenditure expense outlay value worth the cost of a thing is all that has been expended upon it, whether in discovery production refinement decoration transportation or otherwise to bring it to its present condition in the hands of its present possessor. The price of a thing is that what the seller asks for it. In regular business as a rule, the seller's price on his wares must be more than their cost to him. When goods are sold, the price the buyer has paid becomes their cost to himself. In exceptional cases when goods are sold at cost, the seller's price is made the same as the cost of the goods to him, the cost to the seller and the cost to the buyer becoming then identical. Price always implies that an article is for sale. What a man will not sell he declines to put a price on. Hence the significance of the taunting proverb that every man has his price value is the estimated equivalent for an article, whether the article is for sale or not. The market value is what it would bring if exposed for sale in the open market. The intrinsic value is the inherent utility of the article considered by itself alone. The market value of an old and rare volume may be very great, while its intrinsic value may be practically nothing. Value has always more reference to others estimation, literally what the thing will avail with others than worth, which regards the thing in and by itself. Thus intrinsic value is a weaker expression than intrinsic worth. Charge has a special reference to services, expense to minor outlays, as the charges of a lawyer or physician traveling expenses, household expenses. Pride, synonyms, arrogance, assumption, conceit, disdain, haughtiness, insolence, ostentation, presumption, reserve, self complacency, self conceit, self esteem, self exaltation, self respect, superciliousness, vain glory, vanity. Houghtiness thinks highly of itself and poorly of others. Arrogance claims much for itself and conceives little to others. Pride is an absorbing sense of one's own greatness. Houghtiness feels one's own superiority to others. Distain sees contemptuously the inferiority of others to oneself. Presumption claims place or privilege above one's right. Pride deems nothing too high. Insolence is open and rude expression of contempt and hostility, generally from an inferior to a superior, as from a servant to a master or mistress. In the presence of superiors, overwinning pride manifests itself in presumption or insolence. In the presence of inferiors, although supposed to be inferior, pride manifests itself by arrogance, disdain, haughtiness, superciliousness, or in either case, often by cold reserve. See reserve under modesty. Pride is too self-satisfied to care for praise. Vanity intends the grave's admiration and applause. Superciliousness, as if by the uplifted eyebrow, as as etymology suggests, from the Latin superchilium eyebrow, from super, over and chilium eyelid, silently manifests mingled haughtiness and disdain. Assumption quietly takes for granted superiority and privilege, which others would be slow to concede. Conceit and vanity are associated with weakness. Pride with strength. Conceit may be founded upon nothing. Pride is founded upon something that one is, or has, or has done. Vanity, too, is commonly founded on something real, though far flatter than would afford foundation for pride. Vanity is eager for admiration and praise, is elated if they are rendered and pained if they are withheld and seeks them. Pride could never solicit admiration or praise. Conceit is somewhat stronger than self-conceit. Self-conceit is ridiculous. Conceit is offensive. Self-respect is a thoroughly worthy feeling. Self-esteem is a more generous estimate of one's own character and abilities than the rest of the world are ready to allow. Vainglory is more pompous and boastful than vanity. Compare egotism, ostentation, amtinims, humility, meekness, modesty, self-abasement, self-distrust, loneliness. Primeval, synonyms, aboriginal, ancient, autochthonic, immemorial, indigenous, native, old, original, patriarchal, primal, primary, prime, primitive, primordial, pristine, uncreated. Aboriginal, from the Latin ab from origo origin, signifies pertaining to the aborigines of earliest known inhabitants of a country in the widest sense, including not merely human beings, but inferior animals and plants as well. Autochthonic, from the Greek autos, self and kthon, earth, signifies sprung from the earth, especially from the soil of one's native land. Primeval, from the Latin primum, first and even age, signifies strictly belonging to the first ages, earliest in time, but often only the earliest of which man knows or conceives. Immemorial, aboriginal, autochthonic and primeval combine the meanings of ancient and original. Aboriginal inhabitants, autochthonic races, primeval forests. Prime and primary may signify either first in time or more frequently first in importance. Primary has also the sense of elementary or preparatory, who speak of a prime minister, a primary school. Primal is chiefly poetic in the sense of prime, as the primal curse. Primordial is first in an order of successional development, as a primordial leaf. Primitive frequently signifies having the original characteristics of that which it represents, as well as standing first in time, as the primitive church. Primitive also very frequently signifies having the original or early characteristics without remoteness in time. Primeval simplicity is a simplicity of the earliest ages. Primitive simplicity may be found in retired villages now. Pristine is an elegant word, used almost exclusively in a good sense of that which is original and perhaps ancient, as pristine purity, innocence, vigor. That which is both an original and natural product of a soil or country is said to be indigenous. That which is actually produced there is said to be native, though it may be a foreign extraction. Hummingbirds are indigenous to America. Canaries may be native, but are not indigenous. Immemorial refers solely to time independently of quality, denoting in legal phrase that were of the memory of man runneth not to the contrary as an immemorial custom and immemorial abuse. Compare old antonyms, adventitious, exotic, foreign, fresh, late, modern, new, novel, recent. Compare synonyms for new. End of section 50, Prejudice to Primeval. Read by Kate McKenzie, www.cisv.org. Section 51 of English Synonyms and Antonyms. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by James O'Connor. English Synonyms and Antonyms by James Champlin Fernald. Prophet to Proverb. Prophet. Synonyms. Advantage avail. Benefit. Emolument. Expediency. Gain. Good. Improvement. Proceeds. Receipts. Return. Returns. Service. Usefulness. Utility. Value. The returns or receipts include all that is received from an outlay or investment. The profit is the excess, if any, of the receipts over the outlay. Hence, in government, morals, etc., the profit is what is really good, helpful, useful, valuable. Utility is chiefly used in the sense of some immediate or personal and generally some material good. Advantage is that which gives one a vantage ground, either for coping with competitors or with difficulties, needs, or demands, as to have the advantage of a good education. It is frequently used of what one has beyond another or secures at the expense of another as to have the advantage of another in an argument or to take advantage of another in a bargain. Gain is what one secures beyond what he previously possessed. Benefit is anything that does one good. Emolument is profit, return, or value, accruing through official position. Expediency has respect to profit or advantage, real or supposed, considered apart from or perhaps in opposition to right. Inactions having a moral character. Compare to utility. Antonyms, damage, destruction, detriment, disadvantage, harm, hurt, injury, loss, ruin, waste. Prepositions, the profit of labor, on capital, in business. Progress, synonyms, advance, advancement, attainment, development, growth, improvement, increase, proficiency, progression. Progress from Latin pro forward. Gradual goal is a moving onward or forward, whether in space or in the middle or moral realm, and maybe either mechanical, individual, or social. Attainment, development, and proficiency are more absolute than the other words of the group, denoting some point of advantage or of comparative perfection reached by forward or onward movement. We speak of attainments in virtue or scholarship, proficiency in musical languages, the development of new powers or organs. Proficiency includes the idea of skill. Advance made to note either a forward movement or the point gained by forward movement, but always relatively with reference to the point from which the movement started, as this is a great advance. Advance admits the possibility of retreat. Progress from Latin pro ready to walk forward is steady and constant forward movement, admitting of pause, but not of retreat. Advance suggests more clearly a point to be reached, while progress lays the emphasis upon the forward movement. We may speak of slow or rapid progress, but more naturally of swift advance. Progress is more frequently used of abstractions as the progress of ideas. Progression fixes the attention chiefly upon the act of moving forward. In a thing good in itself, all advance or progress is improvement. There is a growing tendency to restrict the words to this favorable sense. Using increase indifferently of good or evil, one may say without limitation, I am an advocate of progress. Antonyms, check, decline, delay, falling back, falling off, relapse, retrogression, stay, stop, stoppage, prepositions. The progress of truth, progress in virtue, toward perfection, from a lower to a higher state, prohibit, synonyms, debar, disallow, forbid, hinder, inhibit, interdict, preclude, prevent. To prohibit is to give some formal command against and especially to make some authoritative legal enactment against. Debar is set of persons, disallow of acts. One is debarred from anything when shut off as by some irresistible authority or necessity. One is prohibited from an act in express terms. He may be debarred by silent necessity. An act is disallowed by the authority that might have allowed it. The word is especially applied to acts which are done before they are pronounced upon. Thus a government may disallow the act of its commander in the field for its admiral on the high seas. Inhibit and interdict are chiefly known by their ecclesiastical use. As between forbid and prohibit, forbid is less formal and more personal. Prohibit more official and judicial, with the implication of readiness to use such forces may be needed to give effect to the enactment. Apparent forbids a child to take part in some gain or to associate with certain companions. The slave trade is now prohibited by the leading nations of the world. Many things are prohibited by law which cannot be wholly prevented as gambling and prostitution. On the other hand, things may be prevented which are not prohibited as the services of religion, the payment of debts or military conquest. That which is precluded need not be prohibited. Compare to abolish, hinder, prevent. Antonyms allow, authorize, command, consent to, direct. Empower, enjoin, give consent, give leave, give permission, let, license, order, permit, put up with, require, sanction, suffer, tolerate, warrant. Prepositions. An act is prohibited by law, a person is prohibited by law from doing a certain act. Prohibit was formally construed as forbid still is, with the infinitive. But the construction with, from, and the verbal noun has now entirely superseded the older usage. Promote. Synonyms. Advance. Aid. Assist. Elevate. Encourage. Exalt. Excite. Foment. Forward. Foster. Further. Help. Prefer. Push. Push on. Raise. Urge forward. Urge on. To promote. From Latin pro. Forward. And Moveo. Move. Is to cause to move forward towards some desired end, or to raise to some higher position, rank, or dignity. We promote a person by advancing, elevating, or exalting him to a higher position or dignity. A person promotes a scheme or an enterprise, which others have projected or begun, and which he encourages, forwards, furthers, pushes, or urges on, especially when he acts as the agent of the prime movers and supporters of the enterprise. One who excites a quarrel originates him. To promote a quarrel is strictly to foment and urge it on. The one who promotes keeping himself in the background. Compare to a bet. Quicken. Antonyms see synonyms for a base and a lay. Propitiation. Synonyms. Atonement. Expiation. Reconciliation. Satisfaction. Atonement. At one mint, originally denoting reconciliation, for the bringing into agreement of those who have been estranged, is now chiefly used as in theology. In the sense of some offering, sacrifice, or suffering sufficient to win forgiveness, or make up for an offense, especially and distinctively of the sacrificial work of Christ, in his humiliation, suffering, and death. Expiation is the enduring of the full penalty of a wrong or crime. Propitiation is an offering, action, or sacrifice that makes the governing power propitious toward the offender. Satisfaction in this connection denotes surrendering a full legal equivalent for the wrong done. Propitiation appeases the law giver. Satisfaction meets the requirements of the law. Antonyms. Alienation. Chastisement. Condemnation. Curse. Estrangement. Penalty. Punishment. Offence. Reprobation. Retribution. Vengeance. Rat. Propitious. Synonyms. Auspicious. Benign. Benignant. Clement. Favorable. Friendly. Gracious. Kind. Kindly. Merciful. That which is auspicious is a favorable omen. That which is propitious is a favoring influence or tendency. As an auspicious morning, a propitious breeze, propitious applies to persons implying kind disposition and favorable inclinations, especially toward the suppliant. Auspicious is not used of persons. Antonyms. Adverse, antagonistic, forbidding, hostile, ill-disposed, inauspicious, repellent, unfavorable, unfriendly, unpropitious. Preposition. May heaven be propitious to the enterprise. Proposal. Synonyms. Bid. Offer. Overture. Proposition. An offer or proposal puts something before one for acceptance or rejection. Proposal being the more formal word. A proposition sets forth truth, or what is claimed to be truth, in formal statement. The proposition is for consideration. The proposal for action. As a proposition in geometry, a proposal of marriage. But proposition is often used nearly in the sense of proposal, when it concerns a matter for deliberation. As a proposition for the surrender of a fort. A bid is commercial and often verbal. As a bid at an auction. Proposal is used in nearly the same sense, but is more formal. An overture opens negotiation of conference, and the word is especially used of some movement toward reconciliation. As overtures of peace. Antonyms. Acceptance. Denial. Disapproval. Refusal. Rejection. Repulse. Propos. Synonym. Purpose. In its most frequent use, propose differs from purpose, in that what we purpose lies in our own mind, as a decisive act of will, a determination. What we propose is offered or stated to others. In this use of the word, what we propose is open to deliberation, as what we purpose is not. In another use of the word, one proposes something to or by himself, which may or may not be stated to others. In this latter sense, propose is nearly identical with purpose, and the two words have often been used interchangeably. But in the majority of cases, what we purpose is more general, what we propose more formal and definite. I purpose to do right. I propose to do this specific thing because it is right. In the historic sentence, I propose to move immediately on your works. Purpose would not have the same sharp directness. Protract. Synonyms. Continue. Defer. Delay. Draw out. Elongate. Extend. Lengthen. Postpone. Procrastinate. Prolong. To protract is to cause to occupy a longer time than is usual, expected, or desirable. We defer a negotiation which we are slow to enter upon. We protract a negotiation which we are slow to conclude. Delay may be used of any stage in the proceedings. We may delay a person as well as an action, but defer and protract are not used of persons. Elongate is not used of actions or abstractions, but only of material objects or extension in space. Protract is very rarely used of concrete objects or extension in space. We elongate a line, protract a discussion. Protract has usually an unfavorable sense, implying that the matter referred to is already unduly long, or would be so if longer continued. Continue is neutral, applying equally to the desirable or the undesirable. Postpone implies a definite intention to resume, as defer also does, though less decidedly. Both are often used with some definite limitation of time, as to postpone till, until, or to a certain day or hour. One may defer, delay, or postpone a matter intelligently and for good reason. He procrastinates through indolence and irresolution, compared to hinder. Antonyms abbreviate a bridge, conclude, contract, curtail, hasten, hurry, limit, reduce, shorten. Prepositions to protract a speech by verbosity, through an unreasonable time, to, till, or until a late hour. Proverb or adage gives homely truth in condensed practical form. The adage often pictorial. Hope deferred makeeth the hot sick, is a proverb. The cat loves fish, but dares not wet her feet is an adage. Both the proverb and the adage, but especially the latter, I thought of, is ancient and widely known. An aphorism partakes of the character of a definition. It is a summary statement of what the author sees and believes to be true. An apothejum is a tourist statement of what is plain or easily proved. The aphorism is philosophical, the apothejum practical. A dictum is a statement of some person or school, on whom it depends for authority. As a dictum of Aristotle. A saying is impersonal, current among the common people deriving its authority from its manifest truth or good sense. As it is an old saying, the more haste, the worse speed. A Tsar is a saying that is old, but somewhat worn and tiresome. Precept is a command to duty. Model or maxim is a brief statement of cherished truth. The maxim being more uniformly and directly practical. God is love may be a model. Fear God and fear not a maxim. The precepts of the Sermon and the Mount will furnish the Christian with invaluable maxims or models. A byword is a phrase or saying used reproachfully or contemptuously. End of section 51. Recording by James O'Connor, Randolph, Massachusetts. November 2009. Section 52 of English synonyms and antonyms. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Kate McKenzie. English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin-Fernald. Prowess to quote. Prowess. Synonyms. Bravery. Courage. Gallantry. Heroism. Intrepidity. Valor. Bravery, courage, heroism and intrepidity may be silent, spiritual or passive. They may be exhibited by a martyr at the stake. Prowess and Valor imply both daring and doing. We do not speak of the prowess of a martyr, a child or a passive sufferer. Valor meets odds or perils with courageous action, doing it utmost to conquer any risk of cost. Prowess has power adapted to the need. Dauntless Valor is often vain against superior prowess. Courage is a nobler word than bravery, involving more of the deep spiritual and enduring elements of character. Such an appreciation of peril as would extinguish bravery may only intensify courage, which is resistant and self-conquering. Courage applies to matters in regard to which Valor and prowess can have no place, as submission to a surgical operation or the facing of censure or detraction for conscience's sake, compare, brave, fortitude, antonyms, cowardice, cowardliness, effeminacy, fear, fusillanimity, timidity, prudence, synonyms, care, carefulness, caution, circumspection, consideration, discretion, forecast, foresight, forethought, frugality, judgment, judiciousness, providence, wisdom. Prudence may be briefly defined as good judgment and foresight, inclining to caution and frugality in practical affairs. Care may respect only the present. Prudence and providence look far ahead and sacrifice the present to the future, prudence watching, saving, guarding, providence planning, doing, preparing, and perhaps expending larger to meet the future demand. Frugality is, in many cases, one form of prudence. In a besieged city, prudence will reduce the rations. Providence will strain every nerve to introduce supplies and to raise the siege. Foresight merely sees the future, it may even lead to the recklessness and desperation to which prudence and providence are so strongly opposed. Forethought is thinking in accordance with wise views of the future and is nearly equivalent to providence, but it is more popular and less comprehensive term. We speak of man's forethought, God's providence. Compare, care, frugality, wisdom, antonyms, folly, heedlessness, improvidence, imprudence, indiscretion, prodigality, rashness, recklessness, thoughtlessness, wastefulness, purchase, synonyms, acquire, bargainful, barterful, buy, get, obtain, procure, secure. Buy and purchase are close synonyms, signifying to obtain or secure as one's own by paying or promising to pay a price. In numerous cases the two words are freely interchangeable, but with the difference usually found between words of Saxon and those of French or Latin origin. The Saxon buy is used for all the homely and petty concerns of common life. The French purchase is often restricted to transactions of more dignity. Yet the Saxon word buy is commonly more emphatic, and in the higher ranges of thought appeals more strongly to the feelings. One may either buy or purchase fame, favour, honour, pleasure, etc. But when our feelings are stirred we speak of victory or freedom as dearly bought. Buy the truth and sell it not. Proverbs 23 verse 23 would be greatly weakened by the rendering. Purchase the truth and do not dispose of it. Compare, business, get, price, sale. Antonyms, barter, dispose of, exchange, put to sale, sell. Propositions, purchase at a price, at a public sale, of or from a person, for, cash, with money, on time. Pure synonyms, absolute, chaste, classic, classical, clean, clear, continent, genuine, guileless, guiltless, holy, immaculate, incorrupt, innocent, mere, perfect, real, sheer, simple, spotless, stainless, true, unadulterated, unblemished, uncorrupted, undefiled, unmingled, unmixed, unpolluted, unspotted, unstained, unsullied, untainted, untarnished, upright, virtuous. That is pure, which is free from mixture or contact with anything that weakens, impairs or pollutes. Material substances are called pure in the strict sense when free from foreign admixture of any kind, as pure oxygen. The word is often used to signify free from any defiling or objectionable admixture, the original spence. We speak of water as pure when it is bright, clear and refreshing, though it may contain mineral salts in solution. In the medical and chemical sense, only distilled water, aquapura, is pure. In moral and religious use, pure is a strong word, denoting positive excellence of a high order. One is innocent who knows nothing of evil, and has experienced no touch of temptation. One is pure who, with knowledge of evil and exposure to temptation, keeps heart and soul unstained. Virtuous refers primarily to right action, pure to right feeling and motives, as, blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. From Matthew 5 verse 8, compare, fine, innocent, antonyms, adulterated, defiled, dirty, filthy, foul, gross, immodest, impure, indecent, indelicate, lewd, mixed, obscene, polluted, stained, sullied, tainted, tarnished, unchaste, unclean. Put, synonyms, deposit, lay, place, set. Put is the most general term for bringing an object to some point or within some space, however exactly or loosely. We may put a horse in a pasture, or put a bullet in a rifle or into an enemy. Place denotes more careful movement and more exact location, as, to place a crown on one's head, or a garrison in a city. To lay is to place in a horizontal position. To set is to place in an upright position. We lay a cloth and set the dish upon a table. To deposit is to put in a place of security for future use, as, to deposit money in a bank. The original sense, to lay down or let down, quietly, is also common, as, the stream deposits sediment. Queer. Synonyms, anomalous, bizarre, comical, crotchety, curious, droll, eccentric, erratic, extraordinary, fantastic, funny, grotesque, laughable, ludicrous, odd, peculiar, preposterous, quaint, ridiculous, singular, strange, uncommon, unique, unmatched, unusual, whimsical, odd, is unmated, as an odd shoe, and so uneven, as an odd number. Singular is alone of its kind as the singular number. What is singular is odd, but what is odd may not be singular, as a drawer full of odd gloves. A strange thing is something hitherto unknown in fact or in cause. A singular coincidence is when the happening of which is unusual. A strange coincidence is when the cause of which is hard to explain. That which is peculiar belongs especially to a person as his own, as Israel was called Jehovah's peculiar people, that is, especially chosen and cherished by him. In its ordinary use, that is the implication that the thing peculiar to one is not common to the majority nor quite approved by them, though it may be shared by many, as the shakers are peculiar. Excentric is off or aside from the centre, and so off or aside from the ordinary and what it is considered in the normal course, as genius is commonly eccentric. Excentric is a higher and more respectful word than odd or queer. Erratic signifies wandering, a stronger and more sensorious term than eccentric. Queer is transverse or oblique, aside from the common in a way that is comical or perhaps slightly ridiculous. Quaint denotes that which is pleasingly odd and fanciful, often with something of the antique, as the quaint architecture of medieval towns. That which is funny is calculated to provoke laughter. That which is droll is more quietly amusing. That which is grotesque in the material sense is irregular or misshapen in formal outline or ill-proportioned so as to be somewhat ridiculous. The French bizarre is practically equivalent to grotesque. Antonyms, common, customary, familiar, natural, normal, ordinary, regular, usual. Quicken, synonyms, accelerate, advance, dispatch, drive, drive on, expedite, facilitate, further, hasten, hurry, make haste, press forward, promote, speed, urge, urge on. To quicken, in a sense here considered, is to increase speed, move or cause to move more rapidly, as through more space or with a greater number of motions in the same time. To accelerate is to increase the speed of action or of motion. A motion whose speed increases upon itself is said to be accelerated, as the motion of a folding body, which becomes swifter with every second of time. To accelerate any work is to hasten it toward a finish, commonly by quickening all its operations in orderly unity toward the result. To dispatch is to do and be done with, to get a thing off one's hands. To dispatch an enemy is to kill him outright and quickly. To dispatch a messenger is to send him in haste. To dispatch a business is to bring it quickly to an end. Dispatch is commonly used of single items. To promote a cause is in any way to bring it forward, advance it in power, prominence etc. To speed is really to secure swiftness. To hasten is to attempt it, whether successfully or unsuccessfully. Hurry always indicates something of confusion. The hurried man forgets dignity, appearance, comfort, courtesy, everything but speed. He may forget something vital to the matter in hand. Yet, because reckless haste may attain the great object of speed, hurry has come to be the colloquial unpopular word for acting quickly. To facilitate is to quicken by making easy. To expedite is to quicken by removing hindrances. A good general will improve roads to facilitate the movements of troops, hasten supplies and perfect discipline to promote the general efficiency of the force. Dispatch details of business, expedite or preparations in order to accelerate the advance and victory of his army. Antonyms, check, clog, delay, drag, hinder, impede, obstruct, retard, quote. Synonyms, cite, exit, extract, paraphrase, plagiarise, recite, repeat. To quote is to give an author's words either exactly as indirect quotation or in substance as an indirect quotation. To cite is, etymologically, to call up a passage as a witness is summoned. Insiting a passage is the exact location by chapter, page or otherwise must be given so that it can be promptly called into evidence. In quoting, the location may or may not be given, but the words or substance of the passage must be given. In citing, neither the author's words nor his thought may be given, but simply the reference to the location where they may be found. To quote, in the proper sense, is to give credit to the author whose words are employed. To paraphrase is to state an author's thought more freely than indirect quotation, keeping the substance of thought and the order of statement, but changing the language and commonly interweaving more or less explanatory matter as if part of the original writing. One may paraphrase a work with worthy motive for homiletic devotional or other purposes, as in the Metrical versions of the Psalms, for he may plagiarise atrociously in the form of paraphrase appropriating all that is valuable in another's thought with the hope of escaping detection by change of phrase. To plagiarise is to quote without credit appropriating another's words or thought as one's own. To recite or repeat is usually to quote orally, though recite is applied in legal phrase to a particular statement of facts which is not a quotation. A kindred use obtains an ordinary speech as, to recite one's misfortunes. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, visit LibriVox.org. English Synonyms and Antonyms by James Champlin-Fernelt Racy to Record Racy Synonyms Flavourous, Forcible, Lively, Peacock, Pungent, Rich, Spicy, Spirited Racy applies in the first instance to the pleasing flavour characteristic of certain wines, often attributed to the soil from which they come. Pungent denotes something sharply irritating to the organs of taste or smell as pepper, vinegar, ammonia. Peacot denotes a quality similar in kind to pungent but less in degree, stimulating and agreeable. Pungent spices may be deftly compounded into a pecan sauce. As applied to literary products, Racy refers to that which has a striking, vigorous, pleasing originality, spicy to that which is stimulating to the mental taste as spices to the physical. Pecan and pungent in their figurative use keep very close to their literal sense. Antonyms, Cold, Dull, Flat, Flavourless, Insipid, Prosy, Stale, Stupid, Tasteless, Vapid Radical Synonyms, Complete, Constitutional, Entire, Essential, Extreme, Fundamental, Engrained, Innate, Native, Natural, Organic, Original, Perfect, Positive, Primitive, Thoreau, Thoreau Going, Total. The widely divergent senses in which the word radical is used, by which it can be at some time interchanged with any word in the above list, are all formed upon the one primary sense of having to do with or proceeding from the root, Latin radix. A radical difference is one that springs from the root, and is thus constitutional, essential, fundamental, organic, original. A radical change is one that does not stop at the surface, but reaches down to the very root, and is entire, thorough, total. Since the majority finds superficial treatment of any matter, the easiest and most comfortable radical measures, which strike at the root of evil or need, are apt to be looked upon as extreme. Antonyms, Conservative, Inadequate, Incomplete, Moderate, Paleotive, Partial, Slight, Superficial, Tentative, Trial, Rare, Synonyms, Curious, Extraordinary, Incomparable, Infrequent, Odd, Peculiar, Precious, Remarkable, Scarce, Singular, Strange, Uncommon, Unique, Unparalleled, Unprecedented, Unusual. Unique is alone of its kind. Rare is infrequent of its kind. Great poems are rare. Paradise lost is unique. To say of a thing that it is rare is simply to affirm that it is now seldom found, whether previously common or not, as a rare old book, a rare word. To call a thing scarce implies that it was at some time more plenty, as when we say food or money is scarce. A particular fruit or coin may be rare. Scarce applies to demand and use, and almost always to concrete things. To speak of virtue, genius, or heroism as scarce would be somewhat ludicrous. Rare has the added sense of precious, which is sometimes, but not necessarily, blended with that above given, as a rare gem. Extraordinary, signifying greatly beyond the ordinary, is a neutral word capable of a high and good sense, or of an invidious, appropriate or contemptuous signification as extraordinary genius, extraordinary wickedness, and extraordinary assumption of power, extraordinary antics. An extraordinary statement is incredible without overwhelming proof. Antonyms see synonyms for general, normal, usual, reach. Synonyms arrive, attain, come to, enter, gain, get to, land. To reach, in the sense here considered, is to come to by motion or progress, attain is now oftenest used of abstract relations, as to attain success. When applied to concrete matters, it commonly signifies the overcoming of hindrance and difficulty, as the storm-beaten ship at length attained the harbor. Come is the general word for moving to or toward the place where the speaker or writer is or supposes himself to be. To reach is to come to from a distance that is actually or relatively considerable. To stretch the journey, so to speak, across the distance, as in its original meaning, one reaches an object by stretching out the hand. To gain is to reach or attain something eagerly sought. The wearied swimmer reaches or gains the shore. One comes in from his garden. He reaches home from a journey. To arrive is to come to a destination, to reach a point intended or proposed. The European steamer arrives in port, or reaches the harbor. The dismantled wreck drifts ashore, or comes to land. Compare attain. Antonyms depart, embark, go, go away, leave, set out, set sail, start, way, anchor. Real synonyms, actual, authentic, certain, demonstrable, developed, essential, genuine, positive, substantial, true, unquestionable, veritable. Real, Latin, res, a thing, signifies having existence. Not merely in thought, but in fact, or being, in fact, according to appearance or claim. Denoting the thing as distinguished from the name, or the existent, opposed to the non-existent. Actual has respect to a thing accomplished by doing. Real to a thing as existing by whatever means or from whatever cause. Positive to that which is fixed or established, developed to that which has reached. Completion by a natural process of unfolding. Actual is in opposition to the supposed, conceived or reported, and furnishes the proof of its existence in itself. Real is opposed to feigned or imaginary, and is capable of demonstration. Positive to the uncertain or doubtful, developed to that which is undeveloped or incomplete. The developed is susceptible of proof. The positive precludes the necessity for proof. The present condition of a thing is its actual condition. Ills are real that have a substantial reason. Proofs are positive when they give the mind certainty. A plant is developed when it has reached its completed stage. Real estate is land, together with trees, water, minerals, or other natural accompaniments, and any permanent structures that man has built upon it. Compare authentic. Antonyms, conceived, fabulous, fanciful, feigned, fictitious, hypothetical, illusory, imaginary, reported, supposed, superstitious, theoretical, unreal, untrue, visionary, reason, verb. Synonyms argue, contend, contravert, debate, demonstrate, discuss, dispute, establish, prove, question, wrangle. To reason is to examine by means of the reason, to prove by reasoning, or to influence, or seek to influence others, by reasoning or reasons. Persons may contend either from mere ill will or self-interest, or from the highest motives. Quote, that ye should earnestly contend for the faith, which was once delivered to the saints. Close quote, Jude 3. To argue, Latin arduo, show, is to make a matter clear by reasoning. To discuss, Latin dis apart and quicio shake, is, etymologically, to shake it apart for examination and analysis. Demonstrate, strictly, applies to mathematical or exact reasoning. Prove may be used in the same sense, but is often applied to reasoning upon matters of fact by what is called probable evidence, which can give only moral, and not absolute, or mathematical certainty. To demonstrate is to force the mind to a conclusion by irresistible reasoning. To prove is rather to establish a fact by evidence, as to prove one innocent or guilty. That which has been either demonstrated or proved, so as to secure general acceptance, is said to be established. Reason is a neutral word, not, like argue, debate, discuss, etc., naturally or necessarily implying contest. We reason about a matter by bringing up all that reason can give us on any side. A dispute may be personal, fractious, and petty. A debate is formal and orderly. If otherwise, it becomes a mere wrangle. Prepositions. We reason with a person about a subject, for or against an opinion. We reason a person into or out of a course of action. Or we may reason down an opponent or opposition. One, reasons from a cause to an effect. Reason, noun, synonyms. Account. Aim. Argument. Cause. Consideration. Design. End. Ground. Motive. Object. Principal. Purpose. While the cause of any event, act, or fact, as commonly understood, is the power that makes it to be, the reason of, or for it, is the explanation given by the human mind. But reason is, in popular language, often used as equivalent to cause, especially in the sense of final cause. In the statement of any reasoning, the argument may be an entire syllogism, or the premises considered together apart from the conclusion, or in logical strictness, the middle term only by which the particular conclusion is connected with the general statement. But when the reasoning is not in strict logical form, the middle term, following the conclusion, is called the reasoning. Thus, in the statement, quote, all tyrants deserve death. Caesar was a tyrant. Therefore, Caesar deserved death. Close quote. Open quote. Caesar was a tyrant. Close quote. Would, in the strictest sense, be called the argument. But if we say quote, Caesar deserved death because he was a tyrant. Close quote. The latter clause would be termed the reason. Compare, cause, reason, verb. Mind, reasoning. The prepositions. The reason of a thing that is to be explained. The reason for a thing that is to be done. Reasoning. Synonyms. Argument. Argumentation. Debate. Ratiosonation. Argumentation and debate, in the ordinary use of the words, suppose two parties alleging reasons for and against a proposition. The same idea appears figuratively when we speak of a debate, or an argument with oneself, or of a debate between reason and conscience. Reasoning may be the act of one alone, as it is simply the orderly setting forth of reasons. Whether for the instruction of inquirers, the confuting of opponents, or the clear establishment of truth for oneself. Reasoning may be either deductive or inductive. Argument, or argumentation, was formally used of deductive reasoning only. With the rise of the inductive philosophy, these words have come to be applied to inductive processes also. But while reasoning may be informal, or even, as far as tracing its processes is concerned, unconscious, argument, and argumentation strictly imply logical form. Reasoning, as denoting a process, is a broader term than reason or argument. Many arguments, or reasons, may be included in a single chain of reasoning. Rebellious, synonyms, contumaceous, disobedient, insubordinate, intractable, mutinous, refractory, seditious, uncontrollable, ungovernable, unmanageable. Rebellious signifies being in a state of rebellion, see rebellion under revolution, and is even extended to inanimate things that resist control or adaptation to human use. Ungovernable applies to that which successfully defies authority and power. Unmanageable to that which resists the utmost exercise of skill or of skill and power combined. Rebellious to that which is defiant of authority, whether successfully or unsuccessfully. Seditious to that which partakes of or tends to excite a rebellious spirit. Seditious suggesting more of a covert plan, scheming, or conspiracy. Rebellious more of overt act, or open violence. While the unmanageable or ungovernable defies control, the rebellious or seditious may be forced to submission, as the man has an ungovernable temper. The horses became unmanageable. He tamed his rebellious spirit. Insubordinate applies to the disposition to resist and resent control as such. Mutinous to open defiance of authority, especially in the army, navy, or merchant marine. A condemnatious act or spirit is contemptuous as well as defiant. Compare obstinate, revolution, antonyms, compliant, controllable, differential, docile, dutiful, gentle, manageable, obedient, submissive, subservient, tractable, yielding, prepositions, rebellious to or against lawful authority. Record, synonyms, account, archive, catalog, chronicle, document, enrollment, entry, enumeration, history, inscription, instrument, inventory, memorandum, memorial, monument, register, roll, schedule, scroll. A memorial is any object whether a writing, a monument, or other permanent thing that is designed or adapted to keep something in remembrance. Record is a word of wide signification applying to any writing, mark, or trace that serves as a memorial giving enduring attestation of an event or fact. An extended account, chronicle, or history is a record. So, too, may be a brief inventory or memorandum. The inscription on a tombstone is a record of the dead. The striae on a rock surface are the record of a glacier's passage. A register is a formal or official written record, especially a series of entries made for preservation or reference, as a register of births and deaths. Archives, in the sense here, considered, are documents or records, often legal records, preserved in a public or official depository. The word archives is also applied to the place where such documents are regularly deposited preserved. Munimates, Latin, Muneo, Fortify, are records that enable one to defend his title. Compare history, story, and of Section 53, read by Denis Sayers in Modesto, California, for Librebox. Section 54 of English synonyms and antonyms. This is a Librebox recording. All Librebox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit Librebox.org. Recording by Mario Pineda. English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlain-Fernald. Recover to renounce. Recover. Synonyms. Be cured or healed. Be restored. Cure. Heal. Reanimate. Recruit. Recuperate. Regain. Repossess. Restore. Resume. Retrieve. The transitive use of recover in the sense of cure, heal, etc., as in two Kings v6 that do recover him of his leprosy is now practically obsolete. The chief transitive use of recover is in the sense to obtain a gain after losing, regain, repossess, etc., as to recover stolen goods, to recover health. The intransitive sense, be cured, be restored, etc., is very common, as to recover from sickness, terror, or misfortune. Antonyms. Die. Fail. Grow worse. Relapse. Sink. Propositions. From. Rarely. Off. Low. To recover judgment against. To recover damages off or from a person. Refinement. Synonyms. Civilization. Cultivation. Culture. Elegance. Politeness. Civilization applies to nations denoting the sum of those civil, social, economic, and political attainments by which a community is removed from barbarism. A people may be civilized while still far from refinement or culture, but civilization is susceptible of various degrees and of continued progress. Refinement applies either to nations or individuals denoting the removal of what is coarse and rude and in corresponding attainment of what is delicate, elegant, and beautiful. Cultivation. Denoting primarily the process of cultivating the soil or growing crops. Then the improved condition of either which is the result is applied in similar sense to the human mind and character, but in this usage is now largely superseded by the term culture, which denotes a high development of the best qualities of man's mental and spiritual nature with a special reference to the aesthetic faculties and to graces of speech and manner regarded as the expression of a refined nature. Culture in the fullest sense denotes that degree of refinement and development which results from continued cultivation through successive generations. A man's faculties may be brought to a high degree of cultivation in some specialty, while he himself remains uncultured even to the extent of coarseness and rudeness. Compare humane, polite, antonyms, barbarism, bourgeoisness, brutality, clownishness, coarseness, grossness, rudeness, rusticity, savagery, vulgarity. Refute. Synonyms. Confound, confute, disprove, overthrow, repel. To refute and to confute are to answer so as to admit of no reply. To refute a statement is to demonstrate its falsity by argument or court unveiling proof. Confute is substantially the same in meaning, though differing in usage. Refute applies either to arguments and opinions or to accusations. Confute is not applied to accusations and charges, but to arguments or opinions. Refute is not now applied to persons, but confute is in good use in this application. A person is confuted when his arguments are refuted. Reliable. Synonyms. Trustworthy. Trusty. The word reliable has been sharply challenged, but seems to have established its place in the language. The objection to its use on the ground that this suffix able can not properly be added to an intransitive verb is answered by the citation of such words as available, conversable, laughable, and alike, while in the matter of usage, reliable has the authority of colorage, martino, male, urban, Newman, Gladstone, and others of the foremost of recent English writers. The objection to the application of reliable to persons is not sustained by the use of the verb rely, which is applied to persons in the authorized version of the scriptures, in the writings of Shakespeare and Bacon, and in the usage of good speakers and writers. Trusty and trustworthy refer to inherent qualities of a high order, trustworthy being especially applied to persons and denoting moral integrity and truthfulness. We speak of a trusty sword, a trusty servant. We say the man is terribly trustworthy. Reliable is inferior in meaning, denoting merely the possession of such qualities as are needed for safe reliance, as a reliable pledge, reliable information. A man is said to be reliable with reference not only to moral qualities, but to judgment, knowledge, skill, habit, or perhaps pecuniary ability. A relatively trustworthy person might not be reliable as a witness on account of unconscious sympathy, or as a security by reason of insufficient means. A reliable messenger is one who might be depended on to do his errand correctly and promptly. A trusty or trustworthy messenger is one who might be admitted to knowledge of the views and purposes of those who employ him and who will be faithful beyond the mere letter of his commission. We can speak of a railroad train as reliable when it can't be depended on to arrive on time, but to speak of a reliable friend would be cold, and to speak of a warrior guarding on his reliable sword would be the liqueurs. Religion, synonyms, devotion, faith, godliness, holiness, morality, pietyism, piety, righteousness, theology, worship. Piety is primarily filial duty, as of children to parents, and hence, in its highest sense, a loving obedience and service to God as the heavenly fatter. Pietyism often denotes a mystical, sometimes unaffected piety. Religion is the relevant acknowledgement both in heart and in act of a divine being. Religion, in the fullest and highest sense, includes all the other words of this group. Worship may be external and formal, or it may be the adoring reverence of the human spirit for the divine seeking outward expression. Devotion, which in its fullest sense is self-consecration, is often used to denote an act of worship, especially prayer or adoration, as he is engaging his devotions. Morality is the system and practice of duty as required by the moral law, consisting chiefly in outward acts, and thus may be observed without a spiritual rectitude of heart. Morality is of necessity included in all true religion, which involves both outward act and spiritual service. Godliness, primarily godlikeness, is a character and a spirit like that of God. Holiness is the highest, sinless perfection of any spirit, whether divine or human, though often used for purity or for consecration. Theology is the science of religion, or the study and scientific statement of all that the human mind can know of, God. Faith is strictly the belief and trust which dissolve exercises to our good, is often used as a comprehensive word for the whole system of religion considered as the object of faith, as the Christian faith, the Mohammedan faith. Antonyms, atheism, blasphemy, godlessness, impiety, irreligion, profanity, sacrilege, unbelief, ungodliness, wickedness, reluctant, synonyms, averse, backward, disinclined, indisposed, loathe, opposed, slow, unwilling, reluctant, re, back, and locto, strive, struggle, signifies a struggling against what one is urged or impelled to do or is actually doing. Abbeirs, Latin A from Enberto, turn, signifies turned away as with dislike or repugnance. Loaf, a.s. lath, evil, hateful, signifies having a repugnance, disgust, or loathing for that the adjective love is not so strong as the verb loaf. A dunce is always averse to a study. A good student is disinclined to it when a fine morning tempts him out. He is indisposed to it in some hour awareness. A man may be slow or backward in entering upon that to which he is by no means averse. A man is loved to believe evil of his friend, reluctant to speak of it, absolutely unwilling to use it to his injury. A legislator may be opposed to a certain measure, while not averse to what it aims to accomplish. Compare antipathy, antonyms, desires, disposed, eager, favorable, inclined, willing, remark, synonyms, annotation, comment, note, observation, utterance. A remark is a sane or brief statement, oral or written, commonly made without much premeditation. A comment in an explanatory or critical remark, as opposed to some passage in a literary work or some act or speech in common life. A note is something to call attention, hence a brief written statement. In correspondence, a note is briefer than a letter. A note, upon some passage in a book, is briefer and less elaborate than a comment. Annotations are especially brief notes, commonly marginal and closely following the text. Comments, observations or remarks may be oral or written, comments being often as written and remarks often as oral. An observation is properly the result of fixed attention and reflection. A remark may be the suggestion of the instant. Remarks are more informal than in speech. Rend, synonyms, break, burst, cleave, lacerate, mangle, rip, rive, rupture, sabre, sleet, sunder, tear. Rend and tear are applied to the separation of textiles substances into parts by force violently applied. Rend also to frangible substances, tear being the milder. Rend the stronger word. Rive is a woodworker's food for parting wood in the way of the grain without a clean cut. To lacerate is to tear roughly the flesh or animal tissue as by the teeth of a wild mist. A lacerated wound is distinguished from a wound made by a clean cut or incision. Mangle is a stronger word than lacerate. Lacerate is more superficial. Mangle more complete. To burst or rupture is to tear or rend by force from within. Burst than nothing the greater violence. As to burst a gun, to rupture a blood vessel, a steam boiler may be ruptured when its substance is made to divide by internal pressure without explosion. To rive, as usually applied to garments or other articles made by sewing or stitching, is to divide along the line of a seam by cutting or breaking the stitches. The other senses bear some resemblance or analogy to this. As to rip open a wound, compare, break, antonyms, heal, join, mend, reunite, secure, sue, solder, stitch, unite, weld, renounce, synonyms, abandon, abjure, deny, disavow, discard, disclaim, disown, forceware, recall, recant, refuse, reject, repudiate, retract, revoke, abjure, discard, forceware, recall, recant, renounce, retract, and revoke, like abandon implies some previous connection. Renounce, Latin, re, back, and nonchal bear a message is to declare against and give up formally and definitively. As to renounce the pumps and vanities of the world, recant, Latin, re, back, and canto, sing, is to take back or deny formally and publicly, as a belief that one has held or professed. Retract, Latin, re, back, and trajo, tro, is to take back something that one has said as not true or as what one is not ready to maintain, as to retract a charge or accusation. One recants what was especially his own, he retracts what was directed against another. Repudiate, Latin, re, back, or away, and pudio, feel shame, is primarily to renounce as shameful, hence to divorce as a wife, those in general to put away with emphatic and determined repulsion, as to repudiate a debt. To deny is to affirm to be not true or not binding, as to deny a statement or a relationship, or to refuse to grant as something requested, as his mother could not deny him what he desired. To discard is to cast away as useless or worthless, those one discards a worn garment. A coquette discards a lover. Rebook, Latin, re, back, and boco, call, etymologically the exact equivalent of the English recall, is to take back something given or granted, as to revoke a command, a will, or a grant. Recall may be used in the exact sense of revoke, but is often applied to persons as revoke is not. We recall a messenger and revoke the order with which he was charged. Abjur, Latin, ab, away, and juro, swear, is etymologically the exact equivalent of this action for swear, signifying to put away formally and under oath as an error, heresy, or evil practice, or a condemned and detested person. A man abjurs his religion, recants his belief, abjurs or renounces his allegiance, repudiates another's claim, renounces his own, retracts a false statement. A person may deny, disavow, disclaim, disown what has been truly or falsely imputed to him or supposed to be his. He may deny his signature, disavow the act of his agent, disown his child. He may repudiate a just claim or a base suggestion. A native of the United States cannot abjure or renounce allegiance to the Queen of England, but will promptly deny or repudiate it, compare, abandon, antonyms, acknowledge, advocate, assert, abow, cherish, claim, defend, hold, maintain, own, proclaim, retain, uphold, vindicate. End of section 54. Section 55 of English synonyms and antonyms. This is a LibreBox recording. All LibreBox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibreBox.org. Recording by Mario Pineda. English Synonyms and Antonyms by James Champlain-Fernald. Repentance to Revelation. Repentance. Synonyms. Compunction. Contrition. Contrightness. Penitence. Regret. Remorse. Self-condemnation. Sorrel. Regret is sorrow for any painful or annoying matter. One is moved with penitence for wrongdoing. Two is pick-up regret for a fault of our own, marks it as slider than one regarding which we should express penitence. Repentance is sorrow for sin with self-condemnation and complete turning from the sin. Penitence is transient and may involve no change of character or conduct. There might be sorrow without repentance, as for consequences only, but not repentance without sorrow. Compunction is a momentary stink of conscience, imbue either of a past or of a contemplated act. Contrition is a subduing sorrow for sin, as against the divine holiness and love. Remorse is, as its derivation indicates, a biting or knowing back of guilt upon the heart, with no turning of heart from the sin and no suggestion of divine forgiveness. Antonyms. Approval. Comfort. Complacency. Content. Hardness. Impenitence. Abduracy. Obstinacy. Self-approval. Self-complacency. Self-congratulation. Stubborness. Propositions. Repentance of or in heart or from the heart. Repentance for sins, before or to our good, unto life. Report. Synonyms. Account. Description. Narration. Narrative. Recital. Record. Rehearsal. Relation. Rumor. Statement. Story. Tale. Account carries the idea of a commercial summary. A statement is definite, confined to essentials and properly to matters within the personal knowledge of the one who states them, as an anti-morten statement. A narrative is a somewhat extended and embellished account of events in order of time, ordinarily with a view to please or entertain. A description gives a specialist cup to the pictorial element. A report, Latin rei, back, and porto, ring, as its etymology implies, is something brought back, as by one sent to obtain information and may be concise and formal or highly descriptive and dramatic. Compare. Allegory. History. Record. Reprove. Synonyms. Admonition. Animal version. Blame. Sensure. Check. Chiding. Command. Condemnation. Criticism. Denunciation. Disapproval. Objugation. Rebuke. Reflection. Reprehension. Reprimand. Reproach. Reproval. Abraiding. Blame, censure, and disapproval may either be felt or uttered. Comment. Criticism. Rebuke. Reflection. Reprehension. And reproof are always expressed. The same is true of admonition and animal version. Comment and criticism may be favorable as well as sensory use. They imply no superiority or authority on the part of him who utters them, nor do reflection or apprehension, which are simply turning the mind back upon what is disapproved. Reprehension is supposed to be calm and just, and with good intent. It is therefore a serious matter, however mild, and is capable of great force as expressed in the phrase Severe Reprehension. Reflection is often from mere ill feeling and is likely to be more personal and less impartial than apprehension. We often speak of unkind or unjust reflections. Rebuke, literally a stopping of the mouth, is administered to a forward or hasty person. Reproof is administered to one intentionally or deliberately wrong. Both words imply authority in the reprover and direct expression of disapproval to the face of the person rebuked or reproved. Reprimand is officially censured formally and minister by a superior to one under his command. Animal version is censured of a high, authoritative and somewhat formal kind. Rebuke might be given at the outset or in the midst of an action. Animal version, reflection, reprehension, reproof always follow the act. Admonition is anticipation and meant to be preventive. Check is allowed to rebuke and given before or during action. Chiding is neither to reproof but with more or personal bitterness and less of authority. Compare, condemn, reproof. Antonyms, applause, approvation, approval, commendation and commune, eology, panagoric, praise. Reprove, synonyms, admonish, blame, censure, chasten, check, chide, condemn, expostulate with, find fault with, rebuke, remonstrate with, reprehend, reprimand, reproach, take to task, upgrade, warn. To censure is to pronounce and adverse judgment that may or may not be expressed to the person censured. To reproof is to censure authoritatively, openly and directly to the face of the person reproofed. To rebuke is to reproof with sharpness and often with abruptness, usually in the midst of some action or course of action deemed censurable. To reprimand is to reproof officially. To blame is a familiar word signifying to pass censure upon make and sorrow as for a fault. Blame and censure apply either to persons or acts. Reprove and rebuke are applied chiefly and reprimand exclusively to persons. To reproof is to censure openly and vehemently and with intense personal feelings as of grief or anger. As to reproof one for ingratitude, reproof knows no distinction of rank or character. A subject may reproof a king or a criminal judge. To expostulate or remonstrate with is to mingle reasoning and appeal with censure in the hope of winning one from his evil way. Expostulate being the gentler, remonstrate the severe reward. Admonish is the mildest of reproofing words and may even be used of giving a caution or warning where no wrong is implied or of simply reminding of duty which might be forgotten. Censure, rebuke and reproof apply to wrong that has been done. Warm and admonish refer to anticipator error or fault. When one is admonished because of wrong already done, the view is a still future that he may not repeat or continue in the wrong. Compare, condemn, reproof, antonyms, abet, upload, approve, cheer, continence, encourage, impale, incite, instigate, archon, requite, synonyms, avenge, compensate, pay, pay off, punish, quit, reciprocate, recompense, remunerate, repay, retaliate, return, revenge, reward, satisfy, settle with. To repay or to retaliate, to punish or to reward, maybe to make some return bury inadequate to the benefit or injury received or the right or wrong done. But to requite, according to etymology, is to make so full and adequate a return as to quit oneself of all obligation of favor or of hostility. But to requite, according to etymology, is to make so full and adequate a return as to quit oneself of all obligation of favor or hostility of punishment or reward. Requite is often used in the more general sense of recompense or repay, but always is a suggestion at least of the original idea of full equivalent. When one speaks of requiting kindness within gratitude, the expression gains force from the comparison of the actual with the proper and appropriate return. Compare, pay, antonyms, absolve, acquit, excuse, forget, forgive, neglect, overlook, pardon, pass over, slight, preposition. To requite injury with injury is human but not Christian. Rest. Synonyms, calm, calmness, cessation, ease, intermission, pause, peace, peacefulness, quiescence, quiet, quietness, quiet recreation, repose, sleep, slumber, stay, stillness, stop, tranquility. Ease denotes freedom from cause of disturbance, whether external or internal. Quiet denotes freedom from imagination or especially from annoying sounds. Rest is a cessation of activity, especially of wearing or painful activity. Recreation is simply an activity of certain organs or faculties that affords rest to other parts of our nature that have become wary. Repose is laying down primarily of the body and figuratively a similar freedom from toil or strain of mind. Repose is more complete than rest. A pose is a momentary cessation of activity. A blacksmith finds a temporary rest while the iron is hitting but he does not yield to reboves. In a pose of idle is all the rests on his arms. After a battle the victor reposes on his laurels. Sleep is the perfection of repose, the most complete rest. Slumber is a light and ordinarily pleasant form of sleep. In the figurative sense rest of mind, soul, conscious is not mere cessation of activity, but a pleasing, tranquil relief from all painful and wearing activity. Repose is even more deep, tranquil and complete. Antonyms, agitation, commotion, disquiet, disturbance, excitement, motion, movement, restlessness, rush, steer, strain, toil, tumult, unrest, work. Restive, synonyms, bulky, fidgety, fructose, fretful, frisky, impatient, intractable, mollish, mutinous, obstinate, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, resentful, restive, restless, skittish, stubborn, unreally, vicious. Bulkie, mollish, obstinate, and stubborn are synonyms of restive only in an infrequent if not obsolete use. The supposed sense of tending to rest, standing stubborn as still, is scarcely supported by any examples and those cited to support that mean an often fail to do so. The disposition to offer active resistance to control by any means whatever is what is commonly indicated by restive in the best English speech and literature. Dryden speaks of the pampered, called as restive to the Rhine, but the Rhine is not used to propel a horse forward, but to hold him in, and it is against this that he is restive. A horse may be made restless by flies or by martial music, but with no refractorities. The restive animal impatiently resists or struggles to break from control, as by bolting, flinging his rider, or otherwise. With this, the metaphorical use of the word agrees, which is always in the sense of such terms as impatient, intractable, rebellious, and delight. A people restive under despotism are not disposed to rest under it, but to resist it and fling it off. Antonyms, docile, gentle, manageable, obedient, passive, peaceable, quiet, submissive, tractable, jilding. Restrain, synonyms, abridge, brittle, check, circumscribe, confine, constrain, curve, hinder, hold, hold back, hold in, keep, keep back, keep down, keep in, keep under, repress, restrict, suppress, withhold. To restrain is to hold back from acting, proceeding, or advancing, either by physical or moral force. Constrain is positive, restraint is negative. One is constrained to an action, he is restrained from an action. Constrain refers almost exclusively to moral force, restrain frequently to physical force, as when we speak of putting one under restraint. To restrain an action is to hold the partially or holding in check, so that it is under pressure even while it acts. To restrict an action is to fix a limit or boundary which it may not pass, but within which it is free. To repress, literally, to press back is to hold in check, and perhaps only temporarily, that which is still very active. It is a fibrillar word and restraint. To suppress is finally and effectually to put down. Suppress is a much stronger word and restraint, as to suppress a rebellion. Compare arrest, bind, keep, antonyms, aid, animate, arouse, emancipate, encourage, excite, free, impale, incite, let loose, release, set free. In retirement, one withdraws from association he has had with others. We speak of the retirement of a public man to private life, though he may still be much in company. In seclusion, one shuts himself away from the society of all except intimate friends or attendants. In solitude, no other person is present. While seclusion is underanrally voluntary, solitude might be enforced. We speak of the solitude rather than the seclusion of a prisoner. As private denotes what concerns ourselves individually, privacy denotes freedom from the presence of observation or those not concerned or whom we desire not to have concern to know our affairs. Privacy is more commonly temporary than seclusion. We speak of a moment's privacy. There might be in loneliness without solitude as amid an unsympathizing crowd and solitude without loneliness as when one is glad to be alone. Antonyms, association, companionship, company, converse, fellowship, society, revelation, synonyms, apocalypse, disclosure, manifestation, revelation, Latin re, back, and bellum, bile, literally unambiling is the act or process of making known what was before secret or hidden, or what still may be future. Apocalypse, greek apple from n, calypto, cover, literally ununcovering comes into english as the name of the closing book of the bible. The apocalypse unbiles the future as if to the very gaze of this year. The whole gospel is a disclosure of the mercy of God. The character of Christ is a manifestation of the divine holiness and love. All scripture is a revelation of the divine will. Or we might say that nature is a manifestation of the divine character and will of which scripture is the fuller and more express revelation. Antonyms, cloud, cloudiness, concealment, hiding, mystery, obscuration, shrouding, biling, end of section 55. Section 56 of English Synonyms and Antonyms. This is a LibriBox recording. All LibriBox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriBox.org. Recording by Mario Pineda. English Synonyms and Antonyms by James Champlin-Fernel. Revenge to Rostik. Revenge. Synonyms. Avenging. Requital. Retaliation. Retribution. Benjans. Revenge is the act of making return for an injury done to oneself by doing injury to another person. Retaliation and revenge are personal and often bitter. Retaliation may be partial. Revenge is meant to be complete and may be excessive. Benjans, which once meant an ending notification of justice, now signifies the most furious and unsparing revenge. Revenge emphasizes more the personal injury in return for which it is inflicted. Benjans, the ill-desert of those upon whom it is inflicted. A requital is a strictly uneven return, such as to quit one of obligation for what has been received, and even if poor or unworthy is given as complete and adequate. Avenging and retribution give a solemn sense of exact justice. Avenging being more personal in its inflection, whether by God or man, and retribution the impersonal visitation of the doom of righteous law. Compare Avenge. Hatred. Requite. Antonyms. Compassion. Excuses. Forgiveness. Grace. Mercy. Pardon. Pity. Reconciliation. Excuses. Grace. Propositions. To take revenge upon the enemy for the injury. Revolution. Synonyms. Anarchy. Confusion. Disintegration. Disorder. Insubordination. Insurrection. Lawlessness. Mutiny. Rebellion. Revolt. Riot. Sedition. Tumult. The essential idea of revolution is a change in the form of government or constitution, or a change of rulers, otherwise than as provided by the laws of succession, election, etc. While such changes apt to involve armed hostilities, these make no necessary part of the revolution. The revolution by which Dom Pedro was dethroned and Brazil changed from an empire to a republic was accomplished without a battle and almost without a shot. Anarchy refers to the condition of a state when human government is superseded or destroyed by factions or other causes. Lawlessness is a temper of mind or condition of the community which may result in anarchy. Confusion, disorder, riot and tumult are incidental and temporary outbreaks of lawlessness, but may not be anarchy. Insubordination is individual disobedience. Sedition is the plotting, rebellion, dividing against the existing government, but always with the purpose of establishing some other government in its place. When rebellion is successful it is called revolution, but there may be revolution without rebellion, as the English Revolution of 1688. A revolt is an uprising against existing authority without the comprehensive use of change in the former or administration of government that are involved in revolution. Anarchy, when more than temporary disorder, is a proposed disintegration of society in which it is imagined that social order might exist without government. Slaves make insurrection. Soldiers or sailors break out in a mutiny. Subject provinces rise in revolt. Compare socialism. Antonyms. Authority. Command. Control. Domination. Dominion. Empire. Government. Low. Loyalty. Obedience. Order. Rule. Sovereignty. Submission. Supremacy. Revolve. Synonyms. Roll. Rotate. Turn. Any round-body rolls which continuously touches with successive portions of a surface, successive portions of another surface. A wide-wing wheel rolls along the ground. To rotate is said of a body that has a circular motion about its own center or axis. To revolve is said of a body that moves in a curbing path, as a circle or an ellipse, about a center outside of itself, so as to return periodically to the same relative position that it held at some previous time. A revolving body may also either rotate or roll at the same time. The earth revolves around the sun and rotates on its own axis. In popular usage, the earth is often said to revolve about its own axis or to have a daily revolution, but rotate and rotation are the more accurate terms. A cylinder over which an endless belt is drawn is said to roll as regards the belt, though it rotates as regards its own axis. Any object that is in contact with or connected with a rolling body is often said to roll, as the car rolls as smoothly around the track. Objects whose motion approximates or suggests a rotary motion along a supporting surface are also said to roll, as ocean waves rolling upon the shore or the ship rolls in the trough of the sea. Turn is a conversational and a popular word often used vaguely to rotate or revolt or for any motion about a fixed point, especially for a motion less than a complete rotation revolution. A man turns his head or turns on his heel. The gate turns on his hinges. Antonyms. Bind, chafe, grind, slide, slip, stand, stick. Riddle. Synonyms. Conundrum, enigma, paradox, problem, puzzle. Conundrum, a word of unknown origin, signifies some question or a statement in which some hidden and fanciful resemblance is involved. The answer often depended upon upon. An enigma is a dark saying. A paradox is a true statement that at first appears absurd or contradictory. A problem is something thrown out for a solution. Puzzle, from oppose, refers originally to the intricate arguments by which disputants oppose each other in the all-philosophic schools. The riddle is an ambiguous or paradoxical statement with a hidden meaning to be guessed by the mental acuteness of the one to whom it is proposed. The riddle is not so pity as the conundrum and may require much acuteness for its answer. A problem may require simply study and scholarship as a problem in mathematics. A puzzle may be something other than verbal statement as a dissected map or any perplexing mechanical contribution. Both enigma and puzzle may be applied to any matter difficult of answer or solution. Enigma conveying an ideal, greater dignity, puzzle applying to something more commonplace and mechanical. There are many dark enigmas in human life and in the course of providence, the location of a missing object is often a puzzle. Antonyms, answer, axiom, explanation, proposition, solution. Right, synonyms, claim, exemption, franchise, in unity, liberty, license, prerogative, privilege. A right is that which one may properly demand upon considerations of justice, morality, equity or of natural or positive law. A right might be either general or special, natural or artificial. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness are the natural and inalienable rights of all men. Rights of property, inheritance, etc. are individual and special and often artificial as the right of inheritance by primogenitor. A privilege is always special, exceptional or artificial. It is something not enjoyed by all. Our own need to be enjoyed on certain special conditions, a peculiar benefit, favor, advantage, etc. A privilege may be of doing or avoiding. In the later case, it is an exemption or immunity, as a privilege of hunting or fishing, exemption from military service, immunity from arrest. A franchise is a specific right or privilege granted by the government or established as such by governmental authority, as the elective franchise, a railroad franchise. A prerogative is an official right or privilege, especially one inherent in the royal or sovereign power. In a wider sense, it is an exclusive and peculiar privilege which one possesses by reason of being what he is. As a reason is the prerogative of man. Kings and nobles have often claimed prerogatives and privileges opposed to the inherent rights of the people. Compare duty, justice, rise, synonyms, arise, ascend, emanate, flow, issue, proceed, spring. To rise is to move up or upward, whether slowly or quickly, whether through the least or greatest distance. The waves rise, the mists rise, the river rises after heaven rains. As a set of persons, to rise is to come to an erect position after kneeling, sitting, reclining or laying down. As to rise from a sick bed, my friend rose as I entered. The guests rose to the part. So a deliberative assembly or a committee is said to rise when it breaks up a session. As sun or star rises, when to our apprehension, it comes above the horizon and begins to go up the sky. To ascend is to go far upward and is often used in a stately sense, as Christ ascended to heaven. The shorter form rise is now generally referred to the longer form arise, except in poetic and elevated style. The sun rises or arises. The river springs at a bound from the foot of the glacier and flows through the lands to the ocean. Smoke issues from a chimney and ascends towards the sky. Light and heat emanate from the sun. Antonyms decline, descend, drop, fall, go down, set, settle, sink. Propositions rise from slumber, rise to duty, rise at the summons. We rose with lark, robber, synonyms, bandit, brigand, buccaneer, burglar, depredator, the spoiler, foot pad, forager, freebooter, highwayman, marauder, pillager, pirate, plunderer, raider, thief. A robber seeks to obtain the property of orders by force or intimidation, a thief by stealth and secrecy. In early English, thief was freely used in both senses, as in Shakespeare and the authorized version of the English Bible, which has two thieves, Matthew 27-38, where the revised version more correctly substitutes two robbers. Royal, synonyms, August, king-light, kingly, magnificent, majestic, munificent, princely, regal. Royal denotes that which actually belongs or pertains to a monarch. The royal residence is that which the king occupies, royal reignment, at that which the king wears. Regal denotes that which in outward state is appropriate for a king. A subject might assume regal magnificence in residence, dress and equipetsch. Kingly denotes that which is worthy of a king in personal qualities, especially of character and conduct, as a kingly bearing, a kingly resolve. Prinsley is especially used of treasure, expenditure, gifts, etc., as princely munificence, a princely fortune, where regal could not so well be used and royal would change the sense. The distinctions between these wars are not absolute, but the tendency of the best usage is as here suggested. Antonyms, beggarly, contemptible, mean, poor, servile, slabish, vile. Rustic, synonyms, agricultural, artless, awkward, boorish, bucolic, clownish, chorus, countryfied, country, hidey-nish, inelegant, outlandish, pastoral, plain, rude, rural, sylvan, uncuff, unpolished, unsophisticated, unthought, burdened. Rural and rustic are alike derived from the Latin ruse, country, and may it be alike defined as pertaining to characteristic of or dwelling in the country. But in usage, rural refers especially to sins or objects in the country, considered as the work of nature. Rustic refers to their effect upon man or to their condition as affected by human agency, as a rural sin, a rustic party, a rustic loss. We speak, however, of the rural population, rural simplicity, etc. Rural has always a favorable sense, rustic frequently and unfavorable one, as they note in the lack of culture and revignment. Those, rustic politeness expresses that which is well meant, but outward, similar ideas are suggested by a rustic feast, rustic garb, etc. Rustic is, however, of the use of studied simplicity and artistic rudeness, which is pleasing and perhaps beautiful, as a rustic cottage, a rustic chair. Pastoral refers to the care of flocks and to the shepherds' life with the pleasing associations suggested by the old poetic ideal of that life. As pastoral poetry, bucolic is kindred to pastoral, but is a less elevated term and sometimes a slightly contemptuous. Antonyms. Accomplished, city-like, cultured, elegant, polished, polite, refined, urban, arbane, well-bred. End of section 56