 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education and I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Galshwari College, University of Allahabad, which is my email ID. The lecture will be in bilingual mode that is beneficial for Hindi as well as English medium students and will be useful for various teaching examinations like UDC, NET, CETA, etc. And subscribe my channel so that you can get my upcoming videos too. So, the topic of today's discussion is a very important, fundamental and relevant topic under educational sociology. Generally, we have talked about educational psychology lectures, but today I am taking about educational sociology topic, social mobility. Okay, let's start. Social mobility means Samajik Gatishilta. Mobility means Gatishilta and social is it's obvious it is Samajik. So what does Samajik Gatishilta mean? What does it mean by being Gatishil in the society? How did Samajik Shastris see Gatishilta in the society? This is what I want to see. And there is no such thing that we don't know, we know it, we feel it and experience it in Madra's life. We don't know it in technical terms. If we get to know it, then it will be easy. So what is social mobility? It refers to the shift. In fact, mobility means we are Gatishil. That means we will go from one place to another. So what is this shift? In an individual social status. We are not going to walk. We are going to the society. So Samajik Gatishilta means our shift will be in the social status. That means we will be in another social status and then our status will be changed. So the status of the shift will result into the social mobility. So the shift that is being changed in the social status of a person from one status to another is called social mobility. The shift can be, sorry, how can it be a shift? Either we reach the higher status after reaching the higher or lower status. Or we are intergenerational. That means we have changed from one generation to another in a social status. Or we are intergenerational. That means we have changed our status in a single generation. And it cannot necessarily be determined that the change is for good or bad. And this is not being said anywhere. It is not necessary that this is right or wrong. It is just a change. And in what change is changed in the social status? In whose social status is changed? In the status of a person. Then it refers to the movement of individuals and groups in social positions over time. That means there is a shift in the movement of individuals, groups and groups over time. And in the social status. So the social status is in the social status. Most commonly social mobility refers to the change in wealth and social status of individuals and families. Or we can say that when the social status is changed, the wealth we possess is changed in the social status. Then it is a movement in time of individuals, families and other social units. Between positions of varying advantages in the system of social stratification of a society. There are many terms in this. Social stratification means a social study. In this society, our system is changed. Who is on the higher level? Who is on the lower level? Who is on the middle level? Class wise, caste wise, wealth wise. This is all changing in our society. So when we move in the form of individuals, family or any other social unit, between positions of varying advantages, that is if we are on the higher level, then its benefits are different. If we are on the lower level, then there are more benefits on the lower level. So there are varying advantages. The wealth status that is changing in every position, is our movement under it. In the system of social stratification of a society. The system of social studies that is being made, is our movement. Then it is the ability to change your situation in your society's class structure. What is this social mobility? It is a yoga that can change our status. The class structure of society is that, Brahma is a warrior, Vaishya is a prostitute. So this is the social hierarchy. In this hierarchy, we have met with birth. Over a period of time, euphemistically, it means to claim or dissent the social ladder. That is the social ladder. We are going down the ladder of social mobility. Then mobility more or less provides people with benefits, as they are motivated by different factors in society, and work to reach new roles, that offer them a better standard of living, and greater rewards. That means, the poverty shield provides us with a lot of benefits. We are going up the social ladder under some benefit, that if we reach the level of wealth, then our social status will increase. That is, we will become socially mobile, we will show vertical mobility. So these factors that motivate us, motivate us to go up the ladder, to change our status. So what is this in this? There is a better standard of living, because we will get a better standard of living. Our lifestyle will get better, we will get greater rewards. Then the caste system of social position is this. Now, what we will talk about here is, that the caste system, there is no mobility in the society. Because the caste that is born in, has to die in the caste system. Irrespective of this, it possesses so much wealth. Now, the system is losing a lot, but it is still in rigidity. So the caste system of social position is decided by assignment rather than attainment. That means, we do not have to attain anything in the caste system. We are doing nothing. That means, we have got it. We have got the caste from birth. In an open society, if there is an open society, within a class system, then mobility is possible. But the caste system in the society is closed directly. It is somewhat open. There are very few chances. Most of the time it is closed. The positions in this stratification system depend on the achieved status, like education, then on ascribed status like gender. That means, when there is an open system in society, then what happens? We do not have any education. We have so much wealth. But in the caste system, irrespective of anything we possess, we are bound to that very caste in which we have bought and brought up. So, this is the concept of social mobility. How do we understand the concept of social mobility? There is a shift in the position of individuals, of families, and we have a ladder where we can climb up and get motivation to get a better standard of living and things like that. And the caste system is considered as an example of a closed society. But the class system is an open system of society because there is a movement of mobility and mobility. Then, let us look at the origin. Where did this word come from? So, this is from the Supreme Sorokin. He had written a book called, American Socialist and Political Activist Peterine Sorokin first introduced the concept of social mobility in his book, Social and Cultural Mobility. So, in this book, for the first time, it states that there is no society that is completely open and no society that is completely closed. He said that there is no society that is completely open. Everything is possible. And there is no society that is completely closed, like the caste system in India. That is, there is little in everything, but it is possible. That is why he came out of this as a society and you can say Sanskrit is a society where the topic of society is covered today. Okay. Who introduced this term first, Peterine Sorokin said where were these born then were born in Russia where were these sociologists then American sociologists and social and cultural mobility and I think in this year, it is 1959 or 1956 I will add it later and I will tell you the add-on so many questions will be made from this. Then, hypes. When you ask a subjective question then he will ask you to tip the society or explain the types of the society or if you ask a long question then you will ask the concept of the society its origin, its types, its factors so types are very important look how many types are possible Horizontal can be Shattage means the level of Shattage will be the same whether we are changing it or not means we are not going down we are at the level of Shattage when a person changes their occupation but their overall social standing remains unchanged means we have changed our website we are you can say that and then we have changed it we have joined some other job related to teaching so we have changed our occupation but our social standing after teaching we joined the job of Chhaprasi and then we went to a higher post so it means when we change our job then our job changes so there is mobility but overall social standing is unchanged because mobility is called horizontal mobility it is called Shattage Gati Shilta in which we change our website but it has no effect on our social standing so Rokin describes horizontal mobility as a change in religious, territorial, political and other horizontal shifts with no change in the vertical position means we are changing our religion we are changing our territory we are changing the political party of politics or these types of shifts are horizontal shifts but there is no change in the Udhva Dharas then what will happen in the vertical we will go down on the social ladder and generally a myth or misconception is that we know how to go up but we cannot go down even if we are coming from a low level then this is vertical mobility so this refers to a change in the occupational political and religious status of a person that causes a change in your societal position like getting married to Shudra or something like that which is very different in your situation or if you have a very low occupation or if you do a very good job you were a small employee and you become a CEO then this type of change is very clear the difference is very clear so this is the example of vertical mobility and individual moves from one social straight up to another vertical mobility can be ascending or descending that means either our situation will be better or our situation will be bad in which vertical mobility in which comparison are the social status differences then intergenerational that is the difference of the generation one generation was very poor or they did not have a good job they were also in a very bad situation but after that their children were born they have acquired a very good education got a very good position got a very good post or their marriage was successful then what is this shift what will be intergenerational it happens when the social position changes from one generation to another this change can be upward or downward so societal changes also cause the generation to adopt a new way of thinking the difference is that we used to live in a completely different way now we are living in a different way so this also changes in our way of thinking intergenerational and intergenerational means you have done your social mobility socially you have become mobile it is a change in societal position that occurs during the lifespan of a single generation we have done the social mobility in the life of a single generation social mobility can also refer to a change in position between siblings I mean there are two brothers and four brothers they are in a very good situation what is intergenerational because when they were with their parents the social status they had they are showing a lot of mark difference socially they are mobile then what is relative that this is also a kind of social mobility what kind of social mobility is this it depends on various other factors there are many other factors on which this depends from the opportunities and hard work of this specific individual to the varying degrees of economic growth we have given the name of this horizontal vertical intergenerational intergenerational and relative name that this is a common thing which affects the social mobility what kind of work is this we will be able to work for the better for social mobility this is the reason for this the most important thing is educational attainment we read that in news that the son who runs the rickshaw has become an IS the social status of the son will increase it will increase on the vertical mobility on the social ladder so the role of education the role of education is very important higher education levels lead to more structural mobility within the social stratification system so from here we can make a conclusion that in the social system if we do not get the birth good social status then we can attain and do something better then identity and discrimination discrimination based on aspects of a person's identity can gravely and unjustly affect their ability to be socially mobile if the person who is discriminated and the person who is discriminated and their identity is not so good then they are put in a hurdle in front of them that they need to be socially mobile where they are in this way identity and discrimination overall income distribution is a fact overall income distribution in society as a whole can greatly affect individual social mobility the distribution of income affects the social status of the person how? it's quantifiably true we have done research that more equitably wealthy societies that means in the society where everyone has equal wealth Sweden and Denmark allow for greater social mobility more inequitably wealthy societies like the United States and Russia that means in the United States and Russia it's more inequitable someone has more wealth someone has less wealth and in Sweden and Denmark everyone has equal wealth so in both of these you can see the difference in social mobility so income distribution can be a factor whether we want to be socially mobile where there is a lot of difference obviously a person will want to gain wealth and where there is not much difference they don't have any motivation for going to higher levels then various forms of capital capital in a variety of types greatly affects the person to progress through the social hierarchy possessing a greater economic capital baseline generally allows people to take advantage of better educational resources what will happen if capital is money we will get better resources and we won't be able to get good education so obviously we will be able to be socially mobile so this is a small topic but it is asked in sociology whether it is B, M, O, M or social mobility you should know so that you can write the right things and especially these objective type questions confuse us that social mobility is what what is it? whether it is in position, status or structure we have to pay attention to what is going on ok so thank you all and don't forget to like and 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