 Good morning, everyone. Welcome to Stockholm Environment Institute for the 22nd Susanna Sustainable Sanitation Alliance meeting. My name is Arno Rosmarin. I have been working at this institute since its start around 1991 when I started and have been working with Susanna the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance since it started in 2007. So we're very happy to greet everyone here today that's in the room and those that are listening online. We have a really nice full day of items for you. I'm going to go through the agenda in detail, but just to say that the fact that Susanna is here as a sustainable element in our development is not by chance. So to say that the Stockholm Environment Institute was really set up for the purpose of this kind of application. And it all came much later than anyone could imagine. So in 89 we were given the mandate to define what sustainable development was. It wasn't really until about 15 or 16 years ago that sanitation got into the sustainable development debate. And partly because it was an issue in the MDGs and also the year of sanitation that came back much later in 2008. But we're still grappling with what is sustainable sanitation at this institute and around the world. And it's a bit of a sleeper. It's coming in late. It is in the SDGs. It wasn't forgotten this time as it was back in the MDG era. It's actually sent her to it. And I think we'll be getting some insights today from some of the speakers as to how sanitation fits in with the SDG puzzle and how it affects. But many of the things about this thing we give it miss. We actually call it funny names. We don't really have really good names for it. Sanitation is a rather poor name, sort of cleaning. And so I was sort of like wondering how to try to engage people that don't know anything about their bodies or what happens after they digest food and is it of any value and things like that. And I found some interesting facts that the body produces red blood cells at a rate of about two and a half million cells per second from your bone marrow. And there's two and a half million red blood cells that die every second as well. And the body recycles the iron in a rather efficient manner, the heme part. But the globin part actually produces a toxic organic acid that ends up being broken down. And that's why your urine is yellow. It's part of the rest products of a blood breakdown. And also feces are brown because of the stuff that's going through the bile. So the thing is what I'm trying to say is we're all committed to that system. We're connected to it and we have to take it on a daily basis and we should, as we're doing today, practice it at work. So there's a philosophical jump to actually say, yes, I'm committing my body, my own body to sustainable development. And this is what I'm trying to push for people that think that they're actually working with sustainable development. So I say, yeah, well, sanitation is over here somewhere. It's here. It's right in your own, where you are, where you live, it's in your body. So I'm not going to go on too long with philosophical things just to say that the challenges are enormous to get sanitation into the SDGs. And I think that's one of the things that we'll be always thinking about through this day and then as the next few months go beyond. And we're setting agendas for not just for our own members. There's about 280 formal members of Susanna, but there's about 7,000 that are online that have shown interest on the electronic, the e-discussion on the forum. And for those that aren't members, you're very, very welcome to join. It's forum.Susanna.org. And of course, the library with a very rich library of probably about 7 gigabytes of material, of texts and publications. That's all on the Susanna.org website. So you'll be hearing a lot more from my colleagues. And just to say, welcome to Stockholm Environment Institute today. The next item on the agenda is a bit of an introduction for the people in the room. And it will be my colleague, Madeleine Fogde, who will help you through that. Madeleine actually, she's spent many years in Mozambique working with sanitation, not working with the Swedish government, with the Austrian government. And we brought her into the EcoSanres program back in 2006, 2007. So originally she's a school teacher. So when she says, say your name and where you're from, she really means it. So Madeleine. Great. So this is something that I have the pleasure to do also with Arno. We are here at Stockholm Environment Institute. And we are really happy to see you because we have been running these meetings since 2007. And at a certain time of Susanna's history, there was always a discussion, will we have a meeting in Stockholm next year? Yes, we are having meetings in Stockholm every year. And it looks like even our institute realizes something called Susanna and that will be organized at Stockholm every year. I think we have seen quite the one who has been with us since 2007. I'm really happy. I see some of those faces here today. Out and in their new faces and that's where it makes this alliance so creative and beautiful because we are growing all the time. And we get this nice contribution from young and then we have some what should I say institutional memories that some of us keep and can say, hey, we have actually said that sometimes. Anyhow, we are at Stockholm Institute also. We are very proud to show you something behind that cameraman. It's something called SEI Initiative on Sustainable Sanitation. We are growing here. We're getting new research capacities. We are publishing things so we're really happy. It has been a little bit of a slowdown but we are up and running and I have compliments from the Swedish Development Agency. They say they really want to go to Susanna meetings but they don't want to convince themselves on Saturdays. Especially not on Saturdays before the Susanna or the World Water Week. So they also send compliments but they also know that we exist and that's nice. That's more or less where I should do the introduction. I'm Madeline Fugde but I work at SEI. I have my foot in the sanitation team but I do also run a very important network called SEI. It's an international network on agriculture and food security. I'm proud to say that and I have one of my board members here so I have to say that. For me, it's so natural to connect with water, sanitation, nutrient flows and agriculture. That's a good platform for a sustainable future. Thanks Madeline. My name is Ankatrin Tempel. I work for GIZ and we are holding the Susanna secretariat. And I just passed this on for everybody to quickly introduce themselves. Anna Panes, GIZ as well with the GIZ Sanitation Program where we host the Susanna Secretariat. Happy to be here. Tila Panzerbieter, German toilet organization, chair of the German Wash Network and proud to be with Susanna since the very beginning. Jona Tetzke and I'm also working for GTO. I'm Arno Kurve, Maltiser International and I'm also a member of the German Wash Network and I'm also co-lead of Working Group 8. My name is Chad Brooking and I'm with SEIWAS, Switzerland. I've come from Canada originally and I'm a new member here and it's very nice to be here and to meet all of you. I'm Virginia, I'm the founder of CSC Water and I'm also new here and I'm great to be here. Hello everyone, I'm Michael Kropak, I'm co-director of SEIWAS and SEICON, also one of the dinosaurs here in the room. Good morning. My name is Adalco Williams. I work with WaterAid based out in London and I'm a co-lead of the Working Group 2. I'm very happy to be in Susanna, quite toddler in Susanna. Good morning. My name is Silas Nyareza. I'm a program officer at the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council, best in Geneva. Good morning. My name is Sarah Dickon. I'm based at SCI. I do research within the Sustainable Sanitation Initiative and some of you might have met me virtually. I've been doing some Susanna webinars on the forum. So nice to meet you in person. Good morning. My name is Oscar Vezes. I am working at the University of Leeds with Dr. Barbara Ivins in the so-called Sheet Flow Diagram Project. This is my first time here and it's a pleasure to be here and to know all of you. Good morning. I'm Martin Gamble from World Bank WSP and I'm leading the Rural and Urban Sanitation Initiative globally. Good morning everybody. I'm Kim Anderson from SCI also. I'm leading the Sustainable Sanitation Initiative on Sustainable Sanitation here at SCI. Good morning. My name is Roland Schettenleib. I'm from Switzerland. I'm retired before in my earlier life. I was over 30 years working for Eavag in Switzerland. And of course I'm a member of Susanna from the beginning. Hello everybody. I'm Christophe Lugely. I'm from French organization called PSO, Programme Suite ITO. We work on water supply and sanitation and specific densitation since more than 15 years. Thank you. Hello Christophe's colleagues at PSO. Hello and good morning. I'm Manfred Schütze from Eavag Non-profit Research Institute in Magdeburg, Germany. Good morning. I'm Jola Mzignak from Oxfam GB representing Andy Bassow and Jonathan Parkinson who can't be here. Sorry to be late. Good morning everyone with an interesting entrance like this. I'm Mariska Rontotap from UNESCO IHE in Delft, the Netherlands. I'm really happy everyone is here. I apologize for... Well, I can't... I mean, we can't be blamed for broken door but I'm happy you found your way. Good morning everyone. My name is Sengolia Kimanzu. As Madeleine said, I'm in the board of Siani. So she talked a lot about Susanna. This is my first time to be in Susanna meeting. So I look forward to hear all the good experiences on Susanna. But I work also for the International Department of the Salvation Army here in Stockholm. We have a big wash and food and nutrition security program in Kenya funded by Sweden, Australia, Switzerland and UK. And Sweden does their tech support from Stockholm. I look forward to listening to all the different experiences here. Thank you very much. Good morning. I'm Halfrid Schulteherberg and I'm based here in Sweden at the Royal Institute of Technology. And my background is more with drinking water. But now I'm coordinating a group on the connections or the links between water, sanitation and food nutrition. Together with Goliya and Sarah and several people. I look forward to meeting you all. Good morning. I'm Shawna Curry with Kost, Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology based in Canada. And one of my colleagues, you'll meet her later. Victoria, she's about this tall, you can't miss her. Welcome her when she comes. Hi, good morning everyone. I'm Cecilia Rodrigues. I'm Brazilian based in Germany working for GIZ. I'm happy to support Arne and Katrin on the Susanna activities. But I also work for the SFD Promotion Initiative. If you're interested in getting to know more about SHIT flow diagrams, please just stop around. We'll be happy to support you and share some information. I just forgot to mention that we're supporting Dorothy on the Working Group 1 capacity. Good morning. My name is Garte Bruyne. I'm happy to be back again. On the moment I'm working as special advisor of the Dutch Embassy in Ghana. But I'm here in my capacity as part of this sanitation program of the Netherlands Red Cross for which I'm working. Good morning. My name is Andrew Whitesell. I own a small engineering company based in Seattle and Honolulu. And we developed WASH technology. Good morning. My name is Cecilia Borderie. I'm a WASH consultant. And I work mainly on the soft components such as market studies, cap surveys, socio-economic studies. Good morning. I'm Pritzalion, representing ISAN Consulting. And I'm the co-lead for Working Group 6, Cities and Planning. Good morning, everyone. I'm Graham Alabaster from UN Habitat. I'm a public health engineer. I've been in the sector for a very long time and been with Susanna from the outset. So I've been doing work on sanitation, mainly dirty water sanitation, for very many years. But most recently I was responsible for initiating the process to develop the SDG monitoring for the Water Goal for Goal 6 and leading seven UN agencies in trying to come to terms with the monitoring agenda. But very happy to be here and will always be coming to Susanna meetings. My name is Ingeborg Krikert from IRC, based in the Netherlands. We're a partner of Susanna. And maybe to mention here is that we are working with many of you on the Agenda for Change, which will be presented shortly. And I think that's enough for now. Hello. Good morning, everyone. My name is Doreen. I come from Kenya. I work for the GIZ Water Sector Reform Program in Kenya, primarily in the urban sanitation component. I've been involved in the emptying and transportation of the sanitation value chain in this particular program. And I've been an ups-up, sorry, a Susanna moderator and member since 2011. I'm very happy to meet all of you finally. I feel like I know a lot of you through the Susanna Forum. And yeah, thank you. Good morning, Alex Wolff from Borda, Germany. I'm related to the monitoring and evaluation program and working from Bremen, Germany. Marin Hoivals also from Borda, mainly Policy, Project Development and Gender Issues. Hi, I'm Serge Arrage from Emory University. I'm Project Manager on the S&E Path Study. Good morning. Excuse me, I'm Christine Moe, Center for Global Safe Water Sanitation and Hygiene at Emory University. I've been at Susanna meetings for a long time, so I can't remember when I first started, but I'm a researcher. Hi, Victoria Gouday, also with COS. I work in Partnerships and Funded Relations. This is my first personal experience with Susanna. I look forward to learning more. Hi, I'm Jan Schlenck. I'm working with the Sector Initiative Sustainable Sanitation, GIZ, as a Wash Advisor. And I'm really happy to be here and to see you all. And it's my second time here. I see some, yeah, yeah, yeah. He cannot escape. Hello. Is it working? Okay. Okay. My name is Thorst Leica Zügel. I work for Borda in Bremen. I'm also pretty new to Susanna because I just joined Borda in May this year before I've been working several years in Switzerland. Thank you. Hello, everyone. My name is Stefan Reuter, Director Borda. Happy to be with everyone. Thank you. Good morning. My name is Diana Madrigal. I am from Costa Rica. I work for the Centro para la Sostenibilidad Urbana, which means Center for Urban Sustainability. And I'm collaborating with CIWI in these two weeks. It's Saturday morning at the 22nd Susanna meeting in Stockholm. So that's the outline for today. We're right in the session one. Updates about Susanna, what has happened in the past year. Then we will have a few more sessions. We will continue with a session about city sanitation and upscaling. Then we will look at a more overarching topic, the agenda 2030 for sustainable development. What does it mean for Susanna? How does the international water architecture look like? After lunch in the afternoon, we will focus on sanitation and emergencies. Just one of the topics of the Susanna roadmap. And then we will close the meeting or the last session will be on behavior change and hygiene. Before we wrap up the meeting and then have dinner at the nice place at the waterfront. Some of you have been there already yesterday. So that's for today. We have people watching us on YouTube from all over the world. And they can send us their comments via Twitter. So it's hashtag 22nd Susanna. And we will have a chance also to see what comments come in and raise them here in the meeting as well. So what is Susanna? Susanna, we are an open international network with members and partner organizations who are working on advancing sustainable sanitation solutions. It's a community made up of practitioners, policymakers, researchers and academics. And one of the aims of Susanna is to promote innovation and best practices and policy, programming and implementation. So at the moment Susanna has more than 7000 individual members and more than 275 partner organizations that are grassroots organizations, private companies, multilateral organizations, donors, governmental research institutions. That's our member base, the geographic distribution. You can see that India has now our strongest membership base that has grown a lot in the last year due to our India chapter. So we have seen a growth in Indian membership base. Also the US is quite strong. We had a lot of activities linked to the RTC challenge and also a few other countries in Africa. We have a lot of members, Uganda, Nigeria, also Uganda. The next slide is showing the Susanna partner organizations. So that's the headquarters of the partner organizations of Susanna. It's actually a similar picture. India is quite crowded here on this map. Also Europe and then we have West Africa, Eastern, Southern Africa. Susanna is built upon the working groups or the working groups are the core of Susanna. They are working on different thematic aspects of sustainable sanitation, covering a range of topics starting from capacity development, market developing up to water nutrition. We will have some updates from our working group leads later. And this graphic in the corner, it shows the membership of the people that are on the mailing list of the working group. So you see that there are quite big networks if you look at the mailing list. So working group four on technologies and sanitation systems, for example, there are more than 4,000 people on the mailing list. So it's quite a network in the Susanna network, this single working group, for example. One of the roles of Susanna is to be a sounding board. So the Susanna community gives feedback to publications, to projects, and here you see a few of the products and output that have evolved out of Susanna. So we have more than 90 case studies on different sustainable sanitation projects from all over the world, which on the Susanna library, each of the working group. So we have the task to write up a fact sheet on the topic of the working group. Then we have a project database, a video and photo base on Flickr. And here below you see a few of key publications that were either written by the Susanna working groups like the Sustainable Sanitation Cities publication by the Working Group Six on cities, or to wash school case stories that were compiled by the Working Group Seven on gender, schools, communities. And other publications like the EIAWAC Compendium, also the WSP study, where Susanna has played a role as a sounding board. And those publications have been discussed at Susanna meetings or on the Susanna forum. And yes, and another role of Susanna is to bring people together, to exchange, to learn from each other. And that's what we do today and where the Susanna meetings play an important role. It's where we have face-to-face meetings. And you see we have had meetings in most of the continents except Australia. But yeah, and we have a strong tradition in being in Stockholm. So as Madeleine said, every year Susanna has met here. So thanks for SEI for having us here every year. Now I quickly rushed through a few recent activities with regard to knowledge management and learning and exchange. We have done in the past year. So we have started, Sarah has mentioned already. We have started a monthly webinar series SEI together with the Susanna Secretariat. It's a very interactive format. We do it via Adobe Connect. People can turn on their video cameras and we have also some time to mingle before and after the webinar. And people present their work and Susanna is again used as a sounding board. So that was done on a monthly base. The last one was just on Thursday. The last one took place. We also continued with the thematic discussion series. It's an online discussion on the Susanna forum. It brings together different actors on a specific topic. They run for two to three weeks. And after the online discussion we write up a synthesis of the discussion, which is then used or is a great literature that is used to improve knowledge management. It's for topics where there may not be so much literature available. So we discuss it and then we have some product out of it, which we can use for knowledge dissemination and management. And coming soon, I'm happy to announce it already. We are planning one discussion about Washington schools, the working group seven, which starts in mid of September. And also one discussion about baby wash. The baby wash initiative is planning one discussion early October. We have also introduced the new Susanna partner profiles this year. So each Susanna partner organization, they have a profile on the website. And here they now can edit information by themselves. They can add project information. They can add resources to the Susanna library. Then it will appear in the maps. They can also add events, jobs and news. And that's also a way of introducing partners to each other, finding synergies among partner and stimulating matchmaking. The working group Wiki was in a working group Wiki. It's another tool to coordinate to another working platform for working groups and Susanna members. There we have all fact sheets of the working groups and to the working group seven, Washington schools and gender working group. They have added all the school case stories. They had compiled in their publication also to the Wiki. So it's now in a living format where people can edit stories or add other stories to this Wiki. And finally, we have regional chapters. I mentioned it already. So we started with the regional chapter in India. So the objective is to really make the Susanna knowledge products and community and learning services more accessible on the ground so that we have a larger impact on the ground, reach better out to practitioners. And we started in India. There was a demand to have discussions about sustainable sanitation. A lot of activities ongoing. Many, many actors are working in India. So we are now partnering with the India Sanitation Coalition and the first activity within this regional chapter is a thematic online discussion which is currently running on the forum about the Swatch Bharat mission. And we will hear more about this one. So we are also setting up a regional chapter in the Middle East that will have a focus on sanitation emergencies and sanitation in countries facing large migration movements. Yes, that will happen in our session in the afternoon. And now I would like to ask all the working group leads that are here to the front. And maybe you can queue up here. So we have a short like a scrum or a pitch to all the working groups that where we have the leads here who will give us an update on what they have been doing in the last year and what they have will do during the World Water Week. And I would also like to ask Silas from WSSCC to the front who will also give us a short brief update about the recent collaboration between WSSCC and Susanna. So as both the school is not here, we just start with Ada and we need a microphone. So we will have a microphone to go around. I'm literally going to sing through this. Okay, on behalf of my other working group leads, Jonathan Parkinson and John Sayer, I'll just present this very quickly, sing through it. So basically our goal has been really to support increase understanding of market development approaches and processes within, I mean particularly for practitioners, we realize that the concept of market development or market based approaches really catching up with everyone, mostly at the practitioners level. And we thought it was very important to focus on that and say how we can create common understanding at that level. So closely linked to that were identifying and documenting lessons from practice and also strengthening networks, getting individuals and organizations to begin to talk to each other and share what they're doing. Last year, activities were really quite too weak. We spent a significant amount of time working on our logo, what it should really look like. That took some time, but finally we got that right. Proud to announce we have that now. But it was really an opportunity for the three of us co-leading the group to really sit down and have a common understanding to be able to provide the right leadership. So that took some time. But going forward and starting with this water week, we're hosting the working group meeting tomorrow, between 2 to 3.30 in the afternoon. And basically like trying to just stimulate discussions around what market development approaches in action really does look like. We have a few examples on behalf of the panel of, we have a set of panelists discussing this from the practice perspective, what each organization is doing or what experiences. And we really love to hear from as many Cezana members as can come in to share what experiences they have very practically about market development. Future ideas we're thinking very seriously to map working group members, spotlight what they're doing, really highlight what they're doing, showcase them and of course have a few coffee calls, webinars, face-to-face meetings, of course riding on opportunities of international meetings and all that we normally go to and then sharing evidence and knowledge on market-based approaches. The methodology of doing that, we're still working on it and really want input from all working group members to be able to clearly define that. But very importantly, we also want to avoid the situation where mistakes are repeated because again, one of the key market-based approach that everyone is using is in our sanitation marketing and we realize every organization is doing it in one way or the other and sometimes repeating mistakes. We've had experiences with previous sanitation promotion approaches that I don't want to mention and we really don't want that to happen again at this sector moving in that direction with market-based approaches. Thank you very much. Okay, thanks for that. I'll keep it very brief. The activities, okay, maybe I should start with the goal and name of our working group. The aim is to develop strategies on how cities can adopt appropriate planning, implementation and management processes that can lead to sustainable solutions. What we did last year and I represent, I'm also representing my other co-leads, Christof Luiti and Moritz Gold. We had co-convened the Kampala during the Kampala Wash Symposium, a stakeholder meeting that had presented the SFDs that was developed for Kampala and we had a stakeholder meeting with all high-level delegates from the city itself to more or less pave the way forward for FSM in Kampala. And that was one of our major highlights of last year. It was quite a successful one. We are yet to see what the process, the result of the process yet. Had a working group meeting in Kampala during the wash symposium. We had worked on a couple of publications. There are many more but I put the ones that I have been personally involved in. It was assessing the cost of on-site sanitation facilities. We were comparing different costs in Asia as well as in Africa, especially East Africa and looking at why costs vary, what are the reasons behind the difference in costs. And from that publication, we came on to the next stage of developing technology solutions for low cost prefab toilet designs, especially for the East African context. What's happening this? During the World Water Week, we co-conveined the side event yesterday. Some of you were here. On SFDs, it's used potential and in the sanitation sector. The hot topics what we find this year and we want to really push forward in promoting of course there are many more but the Sandak Airwag Fickle Search Management Tool also the Fickle Search Management Toolbox that has been developed. Habitat 3 conference in Quito this year, we are looking forward to see what the results are of that particular process. Shift floor diagrams of course, the hot topic. What are we planning for in the future? A working group meeting at FSM-4 in Chennai we are working towards that also working towards developing webinars for sanitation planning, urban sanitation planning and contributing to the Wikipedia article on urban sanitation. Thank you. Belinda is not yet here, right? Okay, then we continue working group 8. Thank you. I'm presenting on behalf of the lead of the working group 8 Jan Spith of Waste Netherlands and Ajay Paul from Welthungerhilfe. So for working group 8, it's sustainable sanitation, emergencies and reconstruction. So with emergencies also emerging literally more all over the world and also emergencies taking a longer time than before the link with sustainability is really key. So that is reflected also a little bit in the goal and the aim of working group 8 where we try to promote robust sustainable sanitation. So the link really between emergencies and sustainability and try to give support also human resource related and promotion of innovation innovative approaches solutions. Innovation can be more or less in the hardware as well as in the software parts. So also this afternoon we will discuss more in detail on the topics. You will see later that we are looking now at wash and markets related activities which is really a kind of approach that will be promoted also in the future. Activity wise last year also we were not able to do a lot of activities but we had several Skype calls and discussions on innovative approaches and technologies and that is definitely a field that we want to work on further in the future. Then if you look at the upcoming events and activities the working group event for working group 8 related to wash and markets in emergencies is more or less related to another event that will be held during the World Water Week this time. It is called opportunities of market based programming to address humanitarian wash needs that will be held on Monday 29th of August from 4 to 5.30 in the Congress Hall C. So that is an event that will be held on Monday and then on Tuesday we will have a kind of follow-up event in working group 8 based on that wash and markets in emergency so that is really an activity that is coming up. So the working group event is mentioned on August 30 and then the event discussion during World Water Week is on the 29th. Then also during our working group meeting on Tuesday we will have a presentation on development of compendium of sanitation and FSM options in emergencies and we deal with the regional chapter for the Middle East that has some of the topics. For future scope of activities for working group 8 definitely to continue to contribute to promotion of innovative sanitation solutions in emergencies and then an interesting area that we hope that we can develop further because it cannot be business as usually always in emergencies. New approaches and activities need to be developed so the link up with market based wash programming initiative and development is another area that the working group 8 likes to concentrate on in the future. That's me. I didn't say before but I'm the co-interim lead for this working group and normally it's Claire Gailladoux from ACF she's unfortunately not able to be here today and also not in Stockholm unfortunately. So there's a lot of momentum in this working group so there's a lot of activities last year and also this year. Some are listed so the Bonn Wash Nutrition Forum last November was the first time when wash and nutrition actors came together and had a joint conference so that was one of the larger event last year. It continues with a lot or it continued with a lot of events a lot of exchange in that area and now we're here in Stockholm being happy to have a joint event for the first time in Stockholm bringing together a lot of nutrition actors to this wash based, wash focused conference and the Wash Nutrition event in Stockholm is on Tuesday morning so you're all welcome to join. So one of the bigger issues that we discussed is how to get more nutrition people the nutrition community involved more into Susanna so probably this is also and in the light of the STDs a big issue strengthening the links so we focus more on like the focus is more on strengthening the link for high impact on the ability for people to absorb nutrients rather than food security. Thanks. Stefan, you can say something to Working Group 10. Is there something? There's no slide. There was one prepared by Robert Gensch. Let me quickly speak on behalf of Working Group 10 which is operation and maintenance I have been taking over from Gunther Langergraber who has been running this Working Group in the past years I'm happy to share this group with Jennifer Green and trying to get more momentum on operation and maintenance and there are two main issues which has driven us to take up this role one is vast experience which has been evaluated together with the Institute of Sustainable Futures at the University of Technology Sydney in Indonesia this program has looked at why large scale implementation still can fail and what user groups basically community based organization will are likely to do as operation maintenance themselves and what they are not likely to do so we want to share this in a technical discussion group there is another stream which is also joining this group which is pushed by an activity called post-implementation monitoring from the world and they are also coming up with an activity and TDS later this year there will be during the world water week on Monday afternoon an activity please watch out for that it's called washer hollocks anonymous confessing about failure in operation maintenance there is a meeting of this working group on Tuesday 4 p.m. please if you are interested in operation maintenance remember what will not be maintained should not be built so if you are trying to contribute and getting our efforts going join us on Tuesday 4 p.m. so to remind you also two technical discussion groups series on sustainable services initiative on operation and maintenance that's an initiative like I mentioned from washer hollocks anonymous confessions of failure and how to reform that's on Monday 2 p.m. in the little theater thank you very much thank you could Sona go first Sona would you like to say something about working people yeah Dorothy just had a baby Dorothy just had a baby most of you who have been here before two babies oh I didn't know about that wonderful our dynamic vibrant lead of capacity group working group number one capacity development which is fabulous I'm looking forward to seeing her in any case cost has just if there was someone who could support so we're supporting her in terms of the delivery of the working group one meeting on Tuesday at 2 p.m. one of the things the main discussions that's been happening over the course of this year has been what the role of this working group is in terms of how can this working group facilitate it's been predominantly through as many of the working groups the activity of the members and the contribution towards it and Susanna itself is playing a big role in capacity development the one other thing that I'll mention is that actually as a result of conversations that Stefan and I had last year is one of the things that we wanted to feed through the working group of Susanna communication of the language and what we mean can be a challenge in terms of people building their capacity cost has developed a series of trainings in sanitation as we're working with Evag on that and so while we didn't have time to get it through Susanna we produced this little card it's a sort of a snapshot glossary one side is sanitation the other side's water we're working on it in terms of anything that we can improve and there's links to space on the website and I'd also love to have it of course come through Susanna next Thanks Thank you very much my name is Silas from Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council based in Geneva, Switzerland so I'm going to talk briefly about our joint meeting in September 2015 in January this year so basically this was bringing together the Susanna Forum and the WSAC Commit of Practice on Sanitation and hygiene which is hosted on LinkedIn currently with about 5900 members so it was about bringing these two networks coming together to host these online collaborative learning events because we realized that most of the Susanna members are active on sanitation and hygiene so the thematic discussions focused on two themes the first was on Sanitation and hygiene behavior change programming with those three sub themes and then the second one was on private sector engagement sanitation and hygiene in the below three sub themes so the discussions happened concurrently on both platforms with a coordinator facilitating those discussions and I think the discussion was that there was some cross fertilization cross-pollination of ideas between the two networks between the two forums and then the summary reports the summary reports were also shared widely on both platforms I think at the end it was very clear that we have so many networks so many forums in the sector but I think it's very important to create a suitable environment for sector practitioners to be able to learn from each other to share knowledge so this was a collaboration that was really very important for us for WCC as a collaborative council because we were also taping into our network of national coordinators in Africa and South Asia and also our members partners which include executing agencies and sub-grantees and they were all contributing to these discussions on both forums and we're very excited to be working with the Susana Forum so we are taking this to the next level we want to work together on an interactive sector events calendar with the Susana Forum currently there is already an events calendar which can become more collaborative more interactive and also add some functionalities that allow members to be able to filter events by region, by country by theme and also to be able to submit events and also submit some reports from different events which I think will be a very important resource for the sector thank you so we have one more working group representative yeah just on behalf of the working group leads I'm just goes shortly through the objectives and the recent activities so we have the working group is working on community rule development and schools with gender and social aspects so WECF Claudia is mainly working on the gender top as Anna showed already in the slide the general slide on this selection of case studies which we launched last year as a publication and now working on this online wiki to get and we are happy to get more example on board we had a meeting in Kampala on the STG linkages between 4-5 health and gender focus and this will be one future focus on the working group we have now today a launch actually of a new group washing facilities companion which was compiled by UNICEF and GIZ together with the German Development Corporation under the umbrella on Tuesday from 9-10.30 a sustainable wash in schools is the education sector ready session slash working group meeting where we will get more in detail and there is like somehow as a follow up the TDS the thematic discussion will continue online from 14th from 12th till 30th September we will come to join because actually sadly there is a conflict of interest because it's parallel to the wash and nutrition event so everyone who can't join our session you are all welcome to join us online then there will be also a summary of the key aspects yeah thank you again so thanks to all working group leads and to Silas for giving us this update I hand over to Arne to wrap up this presentation thanks Arne yes one as we could see it's there's a lot of things happening and it's great to see all that but Sudana was starting because of the International Year of Sanitation in 2008 I think and we said and it's very much MDG oriented in that year everybody has a peak of work and let's make matchmaking of who is doing what work and bring it together and to actually define or to find out better what actually sustainable sanitation means in a broader sense kept us busy in 2007 and 2008 and in the years after so out of that initiative grows something more stable and it's still there not there so we have a problem but we have the SDGs and I'm very happy that Roland later today will introduce a background paper and we are aiming to have a two pager an amendment to the Susanna vision or something that sort of makes that shift bringing Susanna from the MDGs to the SDGs actually it's a because all happy because the SDGs are what Susanna already is they're more intermingling just aiming for people but as well aiming for sustainability in the broader sense so it's actually good and it's as well maybe we contributed to that so that's one of the things and there's I think on your chairs you find the draft background document that's on it Roland will as well walk you through please put it here and we'll open up the discussion broadly then after there's a stable base to discuss something so that we have we make a starting point and then share with the Susanna broadly and the second thing yes is that along with this maybe there's this is a moment to look at the working groups and we had many cards on the wall what is needed and we made a second round and said okay now you can only say this is needed if you'll do it and then this will be a working group but you have to do it and we were actually shocked how many cards still stayed on the wall and there were a few like sanitation in emergencies and economics and financing where nobody could immediately say that I'll do it but we kept it because we found actually this is a broad umbrella we could see that what you can all do we will again ask that who is doing what and what is the matchmaking now and what's the new matchmaking and what we'll start tomorrow as well is a few initial steps in that direction and we'll do that more broadly maybe in the next year and come back to you in the Stockholm meeting next year so what we think of after some initial talks with working group leads was that working group four was one of the flagship working groups because always our brought the newest drafts of the companion with sanitation systems we were always excited and we're discussing it over two years so we were sounding but then the homework was done then we put into that working group actually hygiene should be there but now we have two things where we don't have a sort of a working a clear working group home and the one is the vehicle search management is getting the importance it should have and it could we could sort of have a working group for a on system sanitation and vehicle search management and as Susanna is the digital home of the FSM four next year so we are involved in any way so it would have as well a home in a working group that's one suggestion we'll share with you now if you have that's on as well on your table here if you have comments on that take it to the co-group meeting tomorrow another thing is that it's we would try to sort of not have 50 working groups so maybe it's as well a logic that the sustainable that the services and operation and maintenance actually is very close to the system and maybe there's a logic as well under that heading to have a 4B where Stefan and others will sort of look at that maintenance part of it so that's one change that becomes more clear that would allow us without increasing the number of working groups to have space for behavior change and hygiene we had the discussion should that be in the schools working group seven should it be outside where it at well with the SDGs it's becoming more prominent we'll listen to that in this afternoon I think on what's going on there and we think as well as an initial it's going to be a new working group and then we have things like monitoring we have the global extended monitoring initiative monitoring will play a big role in the SDGs we have not only the washer hollocks monitoring like post implementation monitoring it's there on different levels I'm not so clear do we have leaders who said that I'm doing it in my work I'm happy to do it with Susanna or it might be an empty working group or we have to discuss over the months to come how it can find its place so that's something which is here at the bottom we'll visit that as well tomorrow if you have if you're eager to really work on that and inspire people to work with you and that as well let us know last not least business as usual is not possible we need scaling up and we said that scaling up should be actually a cross cutting we say the initial task in 2007 was that and then it was very new to say that please everybody should write a fact sheet on what's the state of the art and what are the important publications actually all these fact sheets are MDG oriented let us see how much power we have we shouldn't do additional work for nothing but if we we have the feeling that people have to work in any case MDGs to SDGs in their topic and we have some working group saying that actually that fits to what I have to do in any case we might as well suggest to have fact sheets and then scaling up would be a cross cutting issue and we as well were thinking that gender should be in all these places so I think that's it as sort of a general update on how we try to what started with about 16 to 20 people in a room and we try to shift that towards the SDGs yes I think that's it oh yes that's only for tomorrow thanks we have some newcomers should we take a round of presentation for the ones that are coming in yes yes yeah here I have a microphone here so please I keep track of the people coming in perfect please stand up my name is Winnie Adam I'm a my name is Winnie Adam I'm a recent graduate from UNESCO IHE and I'm a researcher focusing on productive sanitation wonderful and here we have a good friend, old friend part of the 1820 in the group which met in 2008 which for that Zen Rain Man from Biome Trust India Water Portal India Sanitation Portal and another well known face I'm Antonette Koma and I'm Global Secretary-Coordinator of SNV and I'm happy to see you great and we have Linda who came in now good morning I'm Linda Strande from Sandek Aiawag working on vehicle sludge management good morning everyone John Sauer here from Population Services International you can just call us PSI for short and I'm the global senior wash technical advisor thank you so the mother of two and the vibrant working group one try to sneak into the room I'm Darcy, hey Darcy Spulek from Sikon slash CWOS okay thank you so we had the first round of updates about Susanna now Ingeborg from IRC will brief us about last Susanna meeting and also about IRC's work on the agenda for change yeah maybe to start with I'm here actually on behalf of Ellen Walter my colleague was supposed to do this presentation but she could only come tonight so I'm presenting on behalf of her and it will be two parts so one of it will be shortly briefing you on the Kampala wash symposium and the second part on the agenda for change how many of you have been to the Kampala wash symposium yeah so I think you probably have to chip in because I wasn't at the symposium so I present what Ellen presented here and if there are any issues please remember who said I was there these are some nice pictures I think we see Anne Catherine here very networking event and apparently I understood what was very important was also kind of a government panel to really also make sure that of course working with government is very important but also make that very clear at this symposium to also involve them actively in these panels so this person is from the I speak up if I go down again just wave and the main theme of the symposium was from projects to services whole system approaches so actually try to get rid of the whole project based approach and go more into a service delivery approach taking the whole system into account a bit more on that later it was convened by Aqua Consult Global Water Challenge GIZ ISE big role of Susanna and also UNICEF and the government of Uganda was also very much involved in organizing this symposium it had like two tracks water and sanitation which both looked at the same key issues processes like identifying the bottlenecks in service delivery looking at developing a conceptual framework for whole systems approaches for sanitation and also understanding the stakeholders in this system and as I understood but you probably know better at the end these two tracks came together and there was a reporting back and what I understood is that like the processes are more or less the same in water and sanitation but obviously like the details stakeholders are quite different in both sectors there were three actually three are mentioned here and the person you see Mari Iose is from this water utility in Rwanda and that was the fourth case study and these case studies gave some examples on how system change is how governments and partners work on system change in these particular countries so in Zambia it was mainly looking into this case study monitoring as I understood Kenya I'm not sure maybe you can briefly say what that was about and there was system change in Uganda provided another example so these three were looking into examples on how governments were engaged in getting through this system change whole system change approach some practical examples since this is a Susanna meeting so there was a very much in partnership with Susanna it combined what was previously called the sustainability forum there were lots of sustainability forums like on a regular basis and now it was decided to call it Kampala Wash Symposium and it combined this forum with the Susanna meeting and that provided a very nice opportunity to have these different target audiences and content to bring that together and it was a very fruitful collaboration combination and it also helped what I heard from people who were there to really spotlight sanitation so to really get that also properly discussed at that symposium and the lead to future collaboration I think I'm not sure if that was of five minutes a little collaboration but what I understand but maybe the working group can help me on that we're in touch and we still have to see of course how next symposium will be organized and what I understand the report will be completed and shared I think at the end of the last three months of the year so after summer what was discussed also and the agenda for change actually ideas already started like in 2005 different organizations were working on similar things like we had the district-wide approach of water aid ISC was working on what was called service delivery approach water for people with this great slogan everyone forever aid effectiveness of the different organizations were actually working on more or less similar things but as is often the case nobody really wants to adopt somebody else's thinking so we thought let's get together and call it agenda for change because in the end that's what we really want to achieve change and now with the sustainable development goals coming up it's even becoming more urgent and it looks a bit I would like to explain it on the basis of this circle because to deliver a service it requires many functions so obviously you have to provide actually provide the services you have to have finances in place policies and regulations and also actually kind of a learning culture the ability to learn and adapt to changing situations and these different functions are performed by different people at different levels so you have like this man on top more on the government level you have people actually like maintaining pumps you have people like finance treasurers at village or wash committees so you have different people performing functions and at the moment these different levels and these different people are not working as effectively as could and we think in order to make that happen this whole system probably needs to be changed in order for all these functions and all these different people working together more effectively and that's all still very conceptual so I thought we need kind of a roadmap to change and how would that look like for institutions in place looking at costs have a service delivery inventory municipal planning so both on and on national level thinking on guidelines costing tools monitoring in place so we prepare like a whole roadmap to change and then we have we will test it it's currently tested in Honduras also Rwanda to see if like this this huge bit complex concept actually works district-wide so focusing on whole districts or not like pockets but really make sure that at the end the whole district has like everyone in that district has access to services and uses these services there are local systems in place to make sure that it's really forever and that at district level districts can take it up so we try to do this through like institutions which means like presence and performance of authority and providers looking at this service inventory which also include what we discussed yesterday these shit flow diagrams looking at costs different types of costs at both levels so as you see we go down this whole roadmap so municipal planning financial plans local policies bylaws in place and implementation according to plan which is of course quite important that's really actually doing what you plan to do with accountability and then this learning learning aspects also be able to adapt to changes so this whole process we're now carrying out as a test in Honduras and Uganda and Rwanda are also now on the list to really do this whole set of whole system change approach with concrete actions so what's next I think this is the first slide I think also in Kampala it was discussed also through these case studies what actually can everyone do to work towards this agenda for change because maybe you're not in a position to go through that whole roadmap but somewhere in that line in that route you can play a role so I think anyone working on watch can start working towards an agenda for change in their specific program considering the whole system so you don't have to work maybe on the whole system in this whole system and it should fit into that final slide there's more to say on the agenda for change political drivers for sustained changes will be presented tomorrow in a discussion with Ellen Walter so actually I'm just the opening band trying to get you a bit interested in this topic there's an agenda for change booth so for more information you can also visit that booth I think this is it yeah thank you I remember from the Kampala we talked a lot about systems and systems what is a system and to me it was striking that I was thinking in the compendium of sanitation systems we have a quite clear understanding what the system is the agenda for change we had a very different way of a system so the word system as such is an interesting creature but I think that everybody differently is that if we talk about sanitation and economics or costs then the system border is crucial is it health costs is it lost tourism then we get a chaotic way of what is a system from me regarding the Kampala wash system I'm talking a lot about systems next speaker do we have Daniela here from UN water Daniela that's good so entering the stage you'll give us a short input what could happen on World Water Day on World Toilet Day even better and then I just click here yes, okay hi everyone thank you for welcoming me to your meeting I won't take up much of your time I know you have very too intense busy days but I wanted to talk a bit about World Toilet Day and I know that many of you have worked on this day and issue for many many years but World Toilet Day was established as a UN international observance in 2013 and it's much thanks to Singapore and to one of your members who went to and pushing days forward and making it an UN international observance so when this happened World Toilet Day was mandated to UN water to coordinate and we have done so since 2014 so before just starting I want to know if anyone knows what this number means it's not the emergency number in Sweden number of countries nope this number is the number of the UN international observances per year that's 130 UN international observances per year that's one day every second day when we have our news feed asking us to change profile pictures for different causes so many many causes many many important causes and World Toilet Day is one of them but that also of course implies that there's a lot of competition between all of these so against this background what is it that we're trying to do at UN water for many years and we need to use that experience and expertise that already exists among people like you among organizations like you so it was important to do just this recognizing that there is this wide experience it brings relevance it's simple as that we cater to so many different audiences and relevance means very different things to different people then the one voice that brings coherence it's true that there's a lot of different things on these different days well then there's a lot of things so speaking as one it really brings coherence and UN water can help that the third one is increasing clarity with a common theme so World Toilet Day and World Water Day what UN water does is that we identify a theme that then people can tap into of course doing your own thing but also talking about something in common and that is toilets and jobs in 2016 how did we go about this in the beginning? well many of you may have tried seeing what is toilets for everyone there is no toilets for everyone toilets are very very different there are cultural and gender and geographical differences and sensitivities and also toilets are borns with taboos so what we did here was that we took or no we asked sorry the economist if we can borrow their concept it's great it's Rodin the artist Le Conceur and he's seated on a toilet so we asked him can we take the same concept because what we want to convey with World Toilet Day is the sense of urgency the sense of connoting that it has to be done something right now so that's what we did in 2014 and we've been using this logo ever since so this is of course free of use for anyone who wants to recognize World Toilet Day so the Unwaters Campaigns and this is both World Water Day and World Toilet Day we want to inform, engage and inspire people to take action so how we do this is that we propose three different levels of engagement I was talking about the newsfeed and the scrolling down I mean some people talk about slacktivism so it's being a slacker but still active so changing a profile picture on one of these days for example so that's one of the more sort of information and easy levels so we're engaging, organizing and activity for that we propose materials so we can download digital materials and this year we're also trying sending information materials to UN information centers so 12 ones that we chosen this year and then the more inspiring to take action well this is when people really want to engage and do something for the cost so that means that they may engage with some of your organizations they may donate, they may volunteer everything that you can think of okay well World Toilet Day it's one of those campaigns that many people first say what is that and then they go ah okay well that's important so World Toilet Day is going very well and this is of course thanks to many of you I wanted to show you this slide because this is where you can tap in so you and water I said earlier draws on people's expertise and experience so we use reports, initiatives, activities that many of you may already been doing and we post them online like this and we tweak it a bit but it's still your material that's there for people to be informed, engaged and then inspired to take action so this will also happen this year in 2016, toilets and jobs so a very serious issue the World With Development Report that came out in 20 on the 22nd of March this year states that you have 17% of work related deaths happening because of water and sanitation if we translate that, that's 38 workers every hour that die of these preventable causes so we're working with trying to then in a fun way show how toilets can work so toilet workers, toilets work for everyone and so forth so this is just I wanted to show a very brief concept that we're working with right now since on 19th of November this is of course all in the making so over to you in Susanna you have already been involved in several ways in the past campaigns last year you provided us with learning materials you did the Wikipedia page you had events that were posted online and you also contributed to social media so this is excellent thank you very much for your support to this as a last slide I wanted to show you this because with a network like yours you feel free to send us things that you have and that also may be photos or stories on how you have made a difference to the community or to the people that you serve and I chose to show you your partners because it really made me think about this doesn't even know what this is this is Eric Whitaker's virtual choir so there's Eric Whitaker he is a brilliant conductor and it's a user-generated choir that brings together singers from all over the world to make beautiful music filled with harmony and passion so it's a bit like how I see world toileting and world water day working out it's passionate organizations like yourselves all different but at one point singing the same tune thanks very much thank you very much some comments, questions, excitement actually maybe for the first we're through our first slot we're in time so we can discuss for half an hour so we won't have a coffee break thank you again, otherwise yes, see, there are one, two yes, some mic is coming Arno again from SCI one of the things I'm confused about is the UNSGAP advisory group to the Secretary General of the United Nations I don't know if you're the right person to answer this question where is the UN when it comes to all that great work that UNSGAP did now that it is shut down Arno, we will have that we'll have this time from the German Ministry who is funding us so generously over the years Daniela Krar will talk about the global architecture and the water sector and that will relate to an extent and how to go on in that but if you have a voice on that most welcome yes, just very quickly the UNSGAP report I don't know if you read it but there is a really good report the UNSGAP recommendations when they finish their mandate so they have a set of recommendations where one of them is for example strengthening mechanisms of coordination and one of the mechanisms of coordination is UN water and that is not a closed group I mean it's members and partners but it's also external partners like yourself there are organizations in Susanna there are partners of UN water I see friend Graham here who presented with the UN water so there is that report to read but I'm sure Daniela will be able to give you much more information and details Okay, thanks Two more questions and then coffee Herth? No, no, but then the global committee we have this global dimension or in that one or in that one I'm wondering about the symbolic swimming and so might be a nasty question I mean your symbolic is in a flush toilet and I wonder whether I mean that is something we should all desire and whether it also maybe not set a wrong message I mean to the rest of the world Okay, tricky one Do you want to react? Yes, of course you're making an incredibly important point and you should have been there when we discussed what logo to use so this is, no, no, no, no, no I meant a little bird looking over the discussions it was super interesting because many people made the same comments like you and I was actually one of them because I said we can't just have this toilet but then what one symbol do you then have? So that's why we chose to go for the Economist's concept because it's a concept that we can all understand and also when we thought about our target audiences we realized that the people who don't know about the sanitation crisis mostly they have flush toilets and the awareness raising campaign that World Toilet Day is it's more about raising awareness with this target audience so that's why but you should look out for the World Toilet Day campaign this year and the portraits that we want to make because as you saw there with the little toilet worker addressed as a doctor so here we take different toilets and we then have them as workers so that we don't just show the flush toilets or the pitlitrene toilet okay and I think that's an excellent one to discuss over coffee and if there is nothing extremely urgent okay yeah this is a picture yeah I didn't go into deep love this but when we I mentioned those three levels of engagement and one of those levels is really inspiring people and schools to take sanitation, interpret it and then send us their artwork and we get lots and lots of artwork for World Toilet Day and this is one of my favorite ones it's a Parisian artist called Juan who does street art so he did this on a wall and yeah it's a popular feature within World Toilet Day thank you 14 minutes break we're back here at 11.15 thank you very much for all this week thank you I welcome you please get your seats so the new faces can maybe get the mic and introduce themselves it's good there are a few chairs but there are some people as well which have to leave okay good good and where's the mic so they can introduce themselves okay I have the mic who has arrived in right now my friends good morning okay morning I am Ruth Nganga from the Water Services Trust Fund in Kenya I'm here with my Chief Executive Officer thank you morning everyone my name is Ismail Shai I'm the CEO of Water Services Trust Fund thank you good morning everyone Mike Pousty with World Vision Australia good morning everybody I'm Arune Singh from Population Services International I'm from the University of India this no here into the front please raise your hands because otherwise you won't see it back Dinesh Mehta from India from the University of India Mira Mehta from the University of India and I am Alejandro Jimenez from SIVI from the Stockholm International Water Institute and I'm happy to be here to help facilitate this first part of the second session which is called upscaling sanitation and citywide sanitation as you know we miss the MDGs and sanitation and that means that we need to do things somehow better and differently and with the SDGs ahead us we have to think of the cities as the places where to a large extent the SDGs will fail or succeed because of all the whole urban migration and we know that more and more in the next years there will be a bigger share of urban population so the challenges ahead are big so what we try to do and what is going to be about this session is about two things first to see to what extent we can go beyond pilot projects very local solutions to citywide solutions when it comes to sanitation and secondly in the number of approaches, methodologies and cases that are emerging or that have been in practice over the last years to try to understand better what is out there how they fit to each other and how we can make the best out of them so that will be the session and I'm going to go straight to the presentations part as you know we are we have a lot of interesting stuff going on and very little time so let me just already start we have five presentations before lunchtime and there will be three presentations in a block now and then I will give a few minutes for questions and answers and then we will have two but all of that before lunch so without further delay I want to give word to Arne Panesar from GIZ who will tell us about the SFDs thank you very much thank you you have five minutes that's a lot I only have that slide yes it's let's see what is there there is a promotion initiative and there is World Bank WSP and we said that the MDGs well that the SDGs are close to what actually Susanna was asking for and when I saw I think three years back at the World Water Week I was extremely excited because it brought together the sanitation chain it brought together centralized and decentralized it brought together meta flows so I think that's really great and soon after in a meeting I said I want to have a controlled explosion of this shit flow diagrams and the mothers and the fathers of the idea were accepting and happy click on the Susanna website there will be a button on SFDs and this is sort of the original and we'll hear from Martin a little bit more how that developed and I'll walk you through that actually we said that this is a way to look at sanitation in cities and we should do many so we did many and as well what we did with the help as well from the Gates Foundation is to develop tools discuss it get it discussed globally and then that was sort of the initial ground and now we go on refining methodologies, tools and templates developed guidance documents and tried to get more the cities in the driver's seat and what we learned as well is that the process as it helps people to talk to each other so what is it? it's a diagram that shows the pathways from defecation to a relative report on the service delivery context that's much more sophisticated in sort of the World Bank is doing we said but let's have the minimum context description otherwise you might think that okay let's just build a new central treatment plant and you don't know that you have no money to maintain it, no capacity to run it and so on so some context analysis as such has such a power to get people talking to get people thinking so let's use that dynamic and let's influence the discourse together that this is the way to talk about it and as it has as data sources official data mainly on sort of official systems but it as well has to address all the informal sector things which are not always easy to so transparency on how we get the data and how to document something as well so to document where are the data from is as important as the diagram is as such so it's in I think I skipped that it has some advantages let's say it like this and this is some examples where we tested it we mentioned already that in Kampala that was useful as well the feedback there was the process is very important but it's not it's not it's like this so I'm talking to the other stakeholders they start the discussion and that's the important thing we had simplified forms as well in Uganda where it was used for project planning which was done together I think with AusAid and again there to involve those who are planning and that was one was interesting because four sort of major stakeholders of the town Moshi in Tanzania learned from the idea and then wanted to develop eagerly their own diagram and as well that process was really a helpful one and yesterday we tried to bring together all the different people who somehow are linking themselves using the SFD tool and that as well some sort of Barbara Evans would say the greedy nerd said I did all this calculation on my Friday afternoon because now my tool as well can do this it was really brilliant and it's as well to just to have something to feed and some data and then see how it develops and there was this it's a computer game for the systems approach I think that's a sentence I liked really very much the results of what we are doing so let's see how far we get with that join us in influencing the sanitation discourse towards an SFD thinking that's why we are having it on the Susanna platform that's why we want you all to look at it I think it can really change the way we think about sanitation in cities let us go together in that direction but now I hand over to Martin and the picture is doing that over to you Am I, is this live? I don't need the microphone right? Am I okay with that? Okay, thanks Yeah, I got it Good morning everyone that was a great introduction I'm going to talk about our recently, very recently hot off the press Fecal Sludge Management Service Diagnostic and Decision Support Toolkit there's a conference edition in the Urban Sanitation Sessions at World Water Week in the coming days as well and there's a poster on the wall there which pulls a lot of the different elements together and the SFDs are centre and top there you'll see because they're a very important part of it so I'm going to quickly explain what these tools are Rebecca, Scott was here yesterday but I don't think she's here today with WEDEC and OPM were contracted to do the work for us I won't go into the genesis of the SFD we had a really rich discussion about that yesterday which was very good as well so the Decision Support Tools for Citywide Inclusive Sanitation include a summary report tools and guidelines data collection instruments standard terms of reference and some city case studies and you can find it at that site there the diagnostic tools includes the SFD the Vehicle Waste Flow Diagram a service delivery assessment what we're calling a prognosis for change which is a political economy analysis and then some complimentary tools for preparing a service delivery action framework and your intervention options assessments and there are some other complimentary tools as well that I'll mention and that's how it all hangs together and I know that's a bit complicated but under this new initiative the orange blocks are the ones that were developed through this work over the last couple of years and the orange blocks in the middle and here are other complimentary tools so and it all starts again with the SFD at the top and the different elements that I'm going to explain briefly now and you'll be able to read more about in the summary report or if you go online drop out of that and there's a specific process there would be different tools that you will or won't need to use in a specific city context but they are there as reference or as potential tool should you need them and I will not talk about that because we all know that I hope now inside out but that is the starting point for it and what we do have is a city service delivery assessment where we have a stakeholder mapping process we identify who the stakeholders are and we provide a scorecard on service delivery using and I haven't got much time I've just been given the two-minute sign actually so I won't go into much detail on this but you do a ranking basically to identify where on the whole service delivery chain where the weaknesses are and as a result you prioritize it and there's this prognosis for change assessment I mentioned which brings a political economy dimension into the analysis as well the formal and informal institutions the stakeholders who we've mapped out and how they are or are not influencing Ficus Large Management and so this gives again it shows a little bit the flow of the different tools within the approach that I mentioned so we come up with the service delivery assessment at the city level we identify priority areas for the city service delivery assessment we do this political economy assessment with the stakeholders and come up with our intervention options that's a lot again if you go online you can see the examples this is an example from DACA of the service delivery action framework with actions that need to be carried out at the national, local and the users different levels and it's just again illustrative of the sort of analysis and recommendations that come out of it it's just an illustrative example for the technical intervention options assessment from Slums in DACA as well which was one of the five target cities where we did the work there are some complimentary tools we're using as well the urban sanitation status index we've piloted in Zambia and Maputo that looks at the whole service delivery chain for both onsite and sewers and identifies along the chain where the weak spots are exposed on that if this works where the groundwater contamination is happening as well and make the link between groundwater and inadequate sanitation so it's a very interesting tool which as I say we're also developing and there's more information on that online and then ultimately this is where we want to go of course we want to go from a current situation where we have open defecation cover and build latrines appropriate onsite and we want to shift that and the question is how much can you achieve in a five year project cycle in a ten year project cycle and how can we get to something that's ultimately more appropriate so what can be done in a project thank you fantastic thank you very much keep your questions write them down for when we will have the time to discuss them I will now give the world to Cecilia and Graham to talk about the Abidat 3 conference and see what does it mean to sanitation perhaps because that doesn't look very promising hi good morning everyone thank you very much for the introduction I'm Cecilia and I'm working for GIZ mainly on the abortion initiative and I just want to brief make a recap of the previous urban agendas and make to see what does it mean for sanitation this big UN conference which is Abidat so Abidat 3 is the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development there had been three already and they happened every 20 years the first one was in Vancouver in 76 in Istanbul in 96 and now we are heading to Keto that's going to take place from 17th to 20th of October the main outcome of this of this conference is the new urban agenda and has been several consultation process until the moment there is going to be one more revision we are at the moment at the fourth draft and it's going to be taken up in Keto some very briefly about some international policies so first we have the urban agendas and what's interesting to notice is that the urban agendas itself they are pretty much placed in the context that they were written so in Vancouver we started noticing already rapid urbanization and it was pretty much addressed but sanitation is still under adequate living and adequate shelter in Istanbul in Vancouver there were some some emphasis on post-colonialism and how the cities were forming in developing countries now in Istanbul declaration it was still under the adequate living but pretty much focus as well on financial tools and enabling markets and PPPs also represented a moment and now Habitat 3 brings already a different approach I would say I'll get into more detail but it tackles environmental sanitation in general along sanitation alongside with water, rainwater solid waste and other aspects of it what is interesting to know is that Habitat 3 is the first conference taking place after international big conference taking place after the agenda 2030 which defined the STGs and also in parallel declarations on sanitation exactly and also in connection to the UN resolution that for the first time separates the right to sanitation and water and last year the new urban agenda itself so what is interesting to notice that if in the previous version sanitation was always under adequate shelter and living now sanitation is considered a top priority on page 2 of the document also what is interesting to know is that in implementation some more environmental sanitation aspects are considered and in overall a big push towards governance particularly regarding participation also referring to SDGs which is very interesting sanitation is also mentioned indirectly into other other sections of the document and specifically also in policy papers so it's mentioned in three of them the right to the cities and cities for all where we have some descriptions of metrics for sanitation urban services and technology which we get back again the call for cost recovery of sanitation infrastructure and also the connection to let's say water and water cycle and also in housing policies discussing the challenges on achieving regarding sanitation so again back data and local standards and local indicators so that was in a nutshell what has been discussed over the 60 years and where we stand regarding sanitation I think what's important interesting to notice it's there and it's not there by chance I think that there was a lot of advocacy working on the background to get sanitation in a place there in a good way of course the challenge is how do we achieve how do we get the members part to commit to that and to address that in combination to the SDGs and the regional declarations and here I leave a question let's have a working group meeting in Quito right perhaps give them more inputs on the process itself Thanks very much Celia I was around at the 76 conference I was just making the transition from short to long trousers and I'm beginning to experiment with alcohol so I wasn't really in the form but I was definitely alive at the time and I think that's the difference and if you look back at the original habitat agenda in fact water and sanitation was very well represented there but I think now looking at the the latest draft of the document we should be very relieved I think that there is such a prominent mention of water and sanitation I think there are several entry points that it comes in it's not just about the recycling so I think there's also a huge opportunity within the new urban agenda to see the elements of sanitation and reuse come in and of course the inequities issue they leave no one behind for me that's very well organised in terms of the next opportunity or ways to influence the habitat 3 process time's running out a little bit but on the 7th, 8th and 9th of September in New York there will be an opportunity for the informal negotiations where member states will make suggestions for revisions to the draft of the new urban agenda so I mean anything you can do to lobby any of the member states to bring in more on sanitation it should be done using your networks through the permanent representatives you must appreciate that now it's more of a political process and it's very important that we ensure that our messages are framed for that group in other words they shouldn't be too technical but they should highlight the importance of what we're trying to do within the overall agenda so please use your networks as much as possible to influence that process that final opportunity in New York next time in fact it's next week the week after next one thing that may be a possibility which Susanna could consider is a very short one-page communication note that could be shared amongst a wider group with a very small number of key messages that can underline the importance of sanitation in the new urban agenda further and when I say that I mean two or three very straightforward political messages that can be fed in front of the political animals who are doing the negotiations but I think actually it will be a great opportunity I'm sure it will be discussed a large amount and I know that there were many requests for side events in Quito to discuss these issues in particular but if you would consider as a group of Susanna to look at seeing how we could get these messages we're talking about almost a journalistic type article which will be picked up by the politicians and by the popular press with two, three key messages in which will get through to the political negotiators but I think even if we don't manage to change the draft too much we'll have the new urban agenda already so I'll finish there anyway and if there's any questions thank you thank you very much so yeah let's open the floor for a couple of questions now from these presentations or for the first ones as you wish thank you very much I have a question regarding the possibility of doing a capacity building event in Quito but we haven't heard back from them so there are different kinds of intervention possible like side events and network meetings and there was also talk about a capacity building event have you by any chance any update what has happened to the last of them like capacity building event in Quito all I can say is I know because of other partners who've applied for side events but I mean if there's any if you haven't heard within the next two or three days let me know because I know literally they've been communicating these last week so I know there's been a question in some cases for them to for partners to merge a bit like in Stockholm Water Week but you know to merge sessions together and sometimes you know those marriages don't really work they're not really sensible combinations of different events but they're not really sensible so maybe just a quick note to everyone in the room who's rather focusing on sanitation systems and other stuff the reason why we think it's very important to use that opportunity in Quito is to identify those who are responsible for urban development and mayors and decision makers so that will make a huge input on why and how water systems are working in those areas we are active in and try how we can help them instead of banging on the door do something about sanitation trying to help them to implement the new urban agenda that's all thank you if I may add on we have as well submitted a proposal for an SFD workshop something of that maybe you embark on that a bit and we are as well waiting for the feedback that we can really think of a city's meeting maybe you embark a bit on this I submitted together with Kim from SEI also the Gates Foundation and also the World Bank and a couple of other institutions a side event on liveable cities so the idea also analyzing a bit the connection from the new urban agenda and SDGs and analyzing the potential for resource recovery and connecting it to Susanna exactly so that's general line I think if John is here still there has been also a different side event wasn't it John perhaps then after Martin you can also say a short note we put in a proposal for a side event on citywide inclusive urban sanitation as well I don't know if it got there too late we haven't heard anything either but maybe we are going to be paired the SEPT University with IDRC we made a proposal not on sanitation but urban equity that has been approved and we got the information last week so I don't know what's happening to your proposals just to mention there might be a side event of the rapid planning project of Wendt Habitat and several German and several international partners but it's more of a specific question to the presentation not to the general and Martin in particular for the shit flow diagram I was curious to know how is the informal sector included as part of the solution space your diagram seems to suggest that you want to formalize the whole process and drive the informal sector completely out and where the farmers and the informal service providers for SEPT-H and fiscal slash management ever included as part of the dialogue because the informal seems completely to be marginalized I forgot to mention that the work I mentioned it yesterday I didn't mention it today was led by Peter Hawkins and Isabelle Blackit who couldn't be here today or this week unfortunately that's one thing specifically yes absolutely the deep dive we did in five cities in Indonesia, Ethiopia Bangladesh Bolivia and I think Peru and Lima they looked at both formal and informal providers it's absolutely essential for onsite sanitation and fiscal slash management that we're looking at the informal providers who are often doing their work in the middle of the night because it's either because it's informal or it's socially unacceptable or whatever the reasons may be absolutely then the informal service providers when they're there in Maputo where we've done a pilot on upgrading onsite sanitation with proper septic tanks communal septic tanks and fiscal slash management we found that one important stakeholder group with the informal solid waste management service providers and we brought them into the fiscal slash management obviously with technical assistance management emptying business and they really like it and in fact it's proving more lucrative than the solid waste which was really interesting so absolutely the informal providers need to be mapped out as part of the stakeholder consultation group when they're there and engaged Thank you very much I think there was a comment pending by John Hi John Sauer from PSI just to build on what Cecilia was saying we did submit a we did submit a networking event with global communities the international housing coalition Habitat for Humanity the Gates Foundation was also on that list it was accepted and PSI were not able to actually attend so I transferred the invitation to Susanna and I hope that they'll be able to link up to Cecilia at Susanna the other thing I want to say was I don't know if the Global Poverty Project or Global Citizen has been engaged to do any of that higher level political advocacy because they are already doing quite a bit of that very high level work and I know WSSEC and Global Poverty Project are organizing an event this week so that might be they might be the right group to do that actual advocacy work that you were just talking about Graham so I don't know if we can talk thank you very much do you want to react or very quickly I don't know about that about that particular group but one thing I didn't mention but the two countries who are leading the negotiations are the Philippines and Mexico so contacts you have there with anybody those are the two delegations who are leading the drafting process so influences you have there so I appreciate it and you can lobby directly okay thank you very much we have to stop questions now keep it for lunch or coffee because we want to be fair to the next round of presenters so then we'll go to give the word to Christine Mo from Emory University to talk about the Sunny Path Tool please go ahead do I need to use this one as well as this one okay so first of all somebody said where is Emory University so I just want to let you know it's in Atlanta Georgia which country is it the other Georgia Georgia also known as the home of CNN and other places that begin with a C but that won't mention them technical problem while they're working on that how many of you have heard about Sunny Path before okay good because I don't want to reinvent and start from the beginning especially because we had discussion yesterday so just a couple slides to remind you what Sunny Path is but my talk is really going to show you results so it's a data heavy presentation but if you remember our risk profiles this 10 by 10 100 little people if you remember how to interpret those then I'm going to be showing you some examples for the different pathways of exposure to fecal contamination and this is a tool that's a decision making support tool so we have like many of the other tools that we talked about yesterday this is to help decision makers make wise investments in sanitation interventions is this the forward button yes okay so I'm going to show you data we have now done this in 12 neighborhoods in three cities so I want to show you some of that data so here's the shit flow diagram and as Suraj pointed out yesterday what we focus on is this part down here so when the shit comes into the residential environment the drainage system the receiving waters what's the public health risk what does government need to make wise decisions of how to mitigate or prevent that risk and this is just some photos of what this looks like the pathways that we focus on flood waters public latrines open drains surface waters whether marine or fresh waters if they're receiving fecal sludge that's of concern fecal sludge on soil and so if you think about these different pathways of exposure to fecal contamination we think that the risks are different they're not all posing the same risk if we knew which are the pathways that pose the greatest risk that can help you focus your interventions from a public health perspective so this is what we use we use data on behavior we use environmental sampling and measure E. coli as an indicator of fecal contamination and then we do modeling risk assessment modeling and this is the output so the proportion of red people are showing the proportion of the population that's exposed and the shade of red the darker the shade the higher the level of fecal contamination that the people are exposed to so we have done this now in 12 neighborhoods in three different cities and we have three more cities that are in progress this is since 2012 so I want to talk about four research questions today if you have data from a single neighborhood how do those risks compare for the different pathways this is that size of arrows which of the pathways tend to risk your pathways compared to others how consistent are these results can you believe these results because we've had people ask us how do you know that these results are right and then how do these pathways vary across neighborhoods in the same city and how do the pathways vary across neighborhoods in different cities how do cities compare so first of all four different pathways this is open drains wastewater irrigated produce piped drinking water and public latrine surfaces so right away you can see that there are differences in the proportion of the population exposed so almost everyone is exposed to public latrines fewer people are exposed to the piped water because they may be drinking high exposure to produce relatively high exposure to drains but you see that the dose is different so here there's very little fecal contamination that people are exposed to on surfaces of a public latrine compared to the exposure in produce where they're directly ingesting fecal contaminated lettuce or salads so let's now look at how consistent are these results and we looked at it two ways we said what happens if we send in two different teams of data collectors into the same neighborhood at the same time do they come up with the same results and then we also asked what happens if we send two different teams into the same neighborhood at different times at different years so in order to look at consistency we asked is the ranking of the pathways the same do you get the same dominant pathways when you do this assessment more than once are the risk profiles similar in terms of percent exposed population and dose and if they are different what is the reason for the differences so this is when we've had two teams we just did this recently two teams going into this Chokar neighborhood in Accra and you can see that two teams collecting data at around the same time the results are very similar and encouraging this is now looking at results from 2012 and 2016 in one neighborhood and here you see quite a bit of similarity but here you see a difference this is the drain pathway so we right away wanted to know why are we seeing a difference in this pathway and it turned out that it was our way of testing E. coli in these drain samples in 2012 all of the samples were at 2016 we realized that we had to do more dilutions in order to get a more accurate assessment of the fecal contamination or E. coli concentration so this shows the difference in the data the drains were still heavily contaminated but our ability to measure that improved okay let's take a look at how the fecal pathways vary across neighborhoods in the same city and here I'm going to show in a crawl a couple things to notice two of these neighborhoods are adjacent to each other and one neighborhood is a higher income neighborhood because people said well what happens if you do this in a cleaner or wealthier neighborhood because all of our previous work had been in low income slumps so this is showing for drains the risk profiles for drains five neighborhoods across the top this is for drinking water you see these two neighborhoods that are adjacent to each other have the most similar profiles so they're drinking water quality and habits are about the same this is for produce all across the city including the wealthiest neighborhood and this is public latrines high exposure but higher dose in one neighborhood so right away you can start seeing different neighborhoods compare against each other for the same pathways finally what happens when you start comparing across three cities so here we have chosen three pathways drains, drinking water and produce and three different cities so this is one neighborhood in Akra, Shabu this is one neighborhood in Valor, India and three pathways you see the greatest variability here among the drains the drains contamination varies from 4.1 to 7.56 and the proportion that are exposed varies a bit for drinking water there's moderate fecal contamination in all of these drinking water systems and a relatively high proportion of the population is exposed to the municipal drinking water but look at this for produce so here you see that the proportion exposed varies by city but the magnitude of contamination and the produce is very high across all three different cities okay to summarize we had good consistency in our risk profiles based on the data collected at the same time and we also had good consistency for the risk profiles for the same neighborhood based on data that was collected four years apart there was no intervention in that neighborhood and the risk was about the same when we look across a single neighborhood we see that these fecal exposure pathways vary so this is giving us some discriminatory power that can be used for decision making we also see variation in neighborhoods in a city and across three different cities so we feel that this is useful information both to look at geographic differences in a city and to look at differences between cities this information can help guide strategic investments to where there's the greatest public health risk so I just want to point out that this is a web based tool it uses mobile data collection there's a data repository on the web and the dashboard is also on the web many people have been involved in this work since I guess about 2009 it's funded by the Gates Foundation and here is our website thank you very much thank you very much for seeing and keep your questions for after this next presentation who will be given by the CEO of the Water Services Trust morning Kenya our colleague Ismael Shaya thank you very much thank you so much I think I'm wide already does that work? okay thank you so much good morning everyone hopefully it's still morning I will actually present but up to a certain point and then my colleague here Doreen who actually was part of this process the Water Services Trust fund is a public institution so we are unique just so you know unlike NGO or other entities we are a government institution so we are basically the ministry at the ministry level there's a policy at the ministry level but we have a regulator we have a fund where we come in and other service providers which we are going to talk about we have magi data this is a system that with Google UN Habitat and other institutions we came together and actually mapped out all the slum areas in Kenya and I think for us if you talk about evidence-based interventions that is where we come in we just don't invest in anywhere we look at the exactly the areas that we are looking at we have a huge proper approach in our implementation in our mandate and I always say this we are biased on proper work in the country so just to give you a pictorial view of how our ministry and the reforms in Kenya look like we have the ministry MWI the ministry of water and irrigation we have WASFREP which is the regulator we have WARMA on that side and then trust fund actually appears right on the top so we found this is what I just mentioned but we also don't work alone we work with other institutions in this project the ministry of water and irrigation that's where we fall under and then the implementing partners at the county level we always say that we have 47 governments so I thought and I need to highlight this I think India went short of actually what we did we are the first country that is actually doing devolution I think India left it at a certain point we went and I always tell this that we have 47 countries within Kenya and that's a very unique thing so we are trying out so hopefully if we fail then that's something else but if we win on this then it will go a long way so under the county we have a water service provider so you have 47 water companies we are looking at we also work under this project that I'm just going to mention also with the ministry of health and also ministry of environment those are all our stakeholders that actually we care about I always tell people that when you go to a restaurant you have a menu and the sushi menu for us is this these are our investments we don't call them actually programs so we have rural investment urban investment I tell the donors that this is my menu your program should fit within this if it will not fit within this then I would say thank you so much and I'll move on that aspect in itself is very important I'll tell you why so Kenya like any other country we have issues in the urban sector urbanization rate is growing by 4.2% 60% urban coverage with a sewage constituting of 16% down from 19 in 2010 actually because of the population pressure we are actually going down on that over 200 low income areas my data is my evidence to prove that and the constitution of Kenya that says it's a right to have a sanitation so there's actually to be specific under section 43 of the social economic rights and then the other policies that actually support that the vision 2030 you know so we did actually come from far because we how are we going to implement upscaling urban water and sanitation project we have successfully asked the water companies to apply and that is through it's not only through equity but also helping the water company that actually that doesn't have the capacity to apply through our process so then we were the right to undertake this project and on this point actually I want to take this opportunity to thank Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation it takes a donor to actually give you a chance to pilot something test it, fill it and then upscale it because everything is oh you have three years implemented well if you don't get it right that's the whole aspect so we are upscaling I think and I always say this that it's very important to give people a chance to actually try out something does it work for us are we going at the right rate and then go from there so upscaling basic sanitation for the urban water this is a project that is being implemented by water service trust fund and we are getting financing from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation at the German government and I think GIZ came here handy and I want to emphasize this it's also getting the technical assistance and I think in Kenya where we are right now I always say this that if you give me technical assistance I am better off than actually the money itself because and that's why GIZ the strength that's where it comes in and we have been having that goal so the goal was to improve the living conditions by offering sustainable sanitation to residents of urban low income areas in Kenya and I told you that we have identified that through the magic data that we did so these were the objectives of the project provide sustainable sanitation to at least 400,000 people a monitoring system that will actually give us real-time information on the construction that are going on you know throughout the country a sector institution of small-scale private entrepreneurs who have the capacity to activity participate and basically the reforms that are in Kenya in fact we have a bill we were formed through the Water Act 2002 but as we speak right now our parliament and both houses passed a bill in the water sector that we are just in countdown right now waiting for the president to ascend if he doesn't ascend in 40 days it's going to be the law so we are counting it down so these are the elements that actually brought about ups up you have the government of Kenya through Water Service Trust Fund you have the German government through the KFW but Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation but GIZ actually played a huge role in developing those tools with us so how does it work? I'm going to leave the integrities to Doreen to actually come and present but before I do that I just wanted to mention that this is market driven for once back in my country is actually illegal it's illegal to build free toilet for an entity at household so the concept that we are using which is for me result-based financing which actually requires some milestones and I think Doreen is going to share with you that was quite interesting so we gave each WSP each water company 200 toilets and it's market driven so for once if you come from the part of the country where you come from in the world there are market days so during the market days actually you will have a water company selling toilets by selling toilets we mean providing that subsidy to that entity so Doreen you can come I will proceed now with the presentation the second part of the presentation which will give you now an overview on the nitty-gritty how we scaled up sanitation with different water utilities and exactly how we worked with the registered water utilities at the moment as the CEO mentioned we are focused on urban low income areas and particularly on household plot sanitation we built quite a lot of capacity at the water utility level we have a lot of trainings we have a lot of meetings with the water companies about implementation about the sanitation value chain there was so much that we needed to train and to give in terms of information knowledge about sanitation as a whole also we facilitate the change of the best practices between the water companies and we monitor the impact we also support quite a number of innovations across the sanitation value chain so not only the construction of infrastructure but we are also involved in the emptying and transportation component the treatment and the reuse and disposal we have a very strong sometimes I also like to call it aggressive sanitation marketing component where we really try we focus on creating demand in low income areas we do a lot of public awareness raising through different mechanisms and methodologies that I will also get into and our main focus is the sanitation value chain APSAP is demand driven I think the CEO mentioned APSAP stands for upscaling of basic sanitation for the urban poor and of course one thing that was very clear for us in the beginning of this program is that sanitation is not always a priority so we had a very strong component on awareness creation and in addition to that we fall under the ministry of water and irrigation so when it comes to enforcement and awareness creation we had to involve the public health department we had to involve the environmental department through our national environmental management authority and one more factor that is really important is that our toilets are subsidized but the subsidy is not provided in the beginning of the construction or in the middle of the construction it's provided at the end and the construction has been done according to specific standards and to specific guidelines that we offer the different water utilities we market different types of toilets we don't only market for example UDDTs we have quite a number of different technologies that we push forward we have also quite a bit of education in the different low income areas in terms of poor sanitation so again it's not only about the construction of toilets this is usually done by door to door marketing which is done by sanitation marketers these are people who are employed within the water utilities and that are trained to carry out community mobilization and awareness creation of course we do quite a lot of data collection we organize and we hold public meetings and when I say we I mean the water services trust fund together with the water utilities and with GIZ providing technical support we assist also the sanitation marketers also assisting toilet site identification and within specific plots we usually calculate as per our regulation that one toilet should be used by 10 people so for example if there are 20 people in a plot then we encourage the construction of two toilets within these plots I'll show you a picture of what exactly a plot means in Kenya because they vary from different countries yes I'm wrapping up our achievements we've had three pilot projects where we constructed 2,970 toilets and two decentralized treatment facilities with approximately 30,000 beneficiaries we are at the moment on the upscaling phase we had a call for proposal through the water services trust fund 40 companies applied we funded 20 different projects within different companies and at the moment the 4,000 toilets have been constructed so we're talking about 7,000 toilets constructed reaching approximately 70,000 beneficiaries so I know our technologies we have the dry and the wet toilets we have the double volt urine diversion toilets and we have the water based toilets at the poor flush connected to the resistant flush toilet too what is very important about the APSA program is that we have a strong component when it comes to emptying the urine diversion toilet this is something that we had to develop from scratch because we really didn't we were in Susanna a lot and we tried to get information about big organizations that have been able to scale up sanitation and one of the main focuses to train these emptiers and to register them not only at the ministry level that is through the water utilities we had to register them with the public health department we had to ensure that they get the appropriate licenses and permits and in addition to that we had to support them in getting the protective equipment that they require in addition to that we designed a transportation component which we call the sunny go which is something that is very common in Kenya but one of the main things is that emptying with that exhaust is really expensive in the country so we've been working with the water services regulatory board to reduce the tariffs for low income areas I know I don't have much time but this is just a few a bit of information about our treatment facility we also have a co-composting process that's done by the sanitation teams and in addition to that as the CEO mentioned which is our comprehensive online database too and we also have our mobile application where we are able to monitor the real-time construction of toilets which I would be happy to show you at lunchtime but one thing I really just want to inform you is that some of the lessons that we've learnt and the first one is that upscaling takes so much time I mean we started a couple of years ago and initially we had quite a bit of pressure I have to say not only as the water services trust fund but as GIZ to really develop a concept really quickly to start constructing toilets etc etc but we couldn't do that on our own we had to involve the Ministry of Environment we had to involve public health we needed to see what policies and what documents are actually supportive in terms of what we are doing and one thing that we also saw is that as we progress we have to go beyond awareness creation and actually build infrastructure this was one of the main points that we pushed forward particularly to the Ministry of Health the Ministry of Health is the lead ministry that is involved in sanitation and for them in the past years all they've been doing is really hand-washing campaigns and talking to people about toilets but when it comes to real construction and real infrastructure nothing is being done so the Ministry of Water another thing that we noticed and that was very frustrating in the beginning is that the demand creation it just takes too much time and the choice of technology is important we were very biased initially towards UDDTs we thought it was the way to go we really marketed it and I remember we had so many trainings for our sanitation marketers but once we got to the ground we noticed that the people didn't want this toilet they aspire for a toilet that they see on TV which uses water approximately 80% of our toilets are actually wet toilets and we can't force them to use any other toilets so that was something that was obviously very clear there's a growing acceptance of the water services trust fund and one main thing is that everyone doubted in the beginning how do you think the utilities are actually going to engage in on-site sanitation they are already overwhelmed with water supply toilets is really not something that we want to do but we've seen, we sent out proposals and we've seen so many water utilities that are willing to engage in on-site sanitation and this is something that has been very very positive if you have any questions we can talk later thank you so much and I'm sorry for taking so much time thank you thank you very much I apologize for doing my job and now according to the program is the group photo going to happen and at the same time I know Linda is going to say something about the mock or explain what's going to happen while you have lunch and Madeline is waving and I don't know what's then the order here so thank you very much and continue later so how many people here know what a MOOC is okay at least half there's a series of online course so the courses that are available for free on the internet Sondek has a series called Sanitation Water and Solid Waste for Development I brought flyers for you there's one on drinking water household water treatment and storage one on overall city-wide planning of sustainable sanitation one on municipal solid waste and one on fecal sledge management that will be coming out early next year and together they form a package so the planning and design of sanitation systems and technologies for city-wide planning is just being relaunched together also with the World Bank and there's some new modules that have been made from Kate Medleycott from WHO on sustainable sanitation planning and then the other one is also SFDs so during the lunch we have an eight minute module that will show you as a preview of the annual loop so you don't have to sit in here for the whole lunch but you can pop in when you want and see the preview of Kate so I'll put these outside so you can also look at them it gives information for how to sign up on the course that's all thank you very much so take your lunch and pop in later but now it's the group photo thing or not I don't know after the photo there's a lunch it's supposed to be a lunch on the program but the door is not working so there's no lunch no no that joke there's lunch and let me just tell you we have had since the beginning always vegetarian lunch at these meetings and in the beginning there was always someone complaining about vegetarian I said well it's tough luck we are an environment institute and this is what we do we do everything and also vegetarian lunches and you have to you know just like it but whatever this is this is our policies and whatever we do so let me inform you because there is something there is wraps out there and they are all vegetarian but the blue one has a walnuts I just want to raise that it's beetroot with goat cheese if anyone is allergic to that the other one has roasted broccoli with blue cheese and the third one has baked vegetables with pepper and cream so I hope you can find something I just want to give that learn about the walnuts okay I have also mobilized there is some you know taking movies of us and filming us and whatever they are very nice and then we will also do something together to celebrate there is a celebration of Susanna soon so we will say happy birthday to Susanna together also in the photo so we manage that but downstairs to the right around the trees I think we will find a nice place and the photographers we have a professional photographer yeah to the left we can't get out on the other side SSP can be used for all kinds of sanitation systems the approach is best used for improving existing systems in communities with no sanitation demand creation should be prioritized so how do SSPs work first we need to understand the system we plan to manage this is referred to as a system assessment phase where the sanitation chain and exposure groups and pathways are identified and expressed as hazards risks are recessed and acceptable improvements are designed to reduce them this approach ensures action is prioritized according to risk monitoring and management using multiple barriers along the chain ensure that the whole system is operating as intended SSP can be applied in many settings today I will be illustrating the approach in an informal urban setting typical of growing cities in many countries we will follow the chain showing examples of exposure groups as it's controls and monitoring at each step to build up a safely managed sanitation system that protects public health notice as we go that not all improvements involve expensive capital investment changes in management and behavior can also significantly reduce risks also notice that different stakeholders bear responsibility for controls and monitoring at each step here is a simple pit latrine with manual emptying although excreta are contained in the latrine this unimproved system poses a number of health risks exposure groups include the users the workers who empty the containers and the surrounding community children and the elderly are especially vulnerable from contact with soiled surfaces in an unhygienic latrine these groups may be exposed via direct excreta contact through the feet and hands and when excreta is inadvertently transferred to the mouth via dirty hands or flies the risks here are medium to high depending on the exposure group while the goal is a more hygienic improved sanitation technology we can still reduce risks for example controls such as wearing shoes better cleaning of the latrine personal protective equipment for workers and using an emptying system that reduces direct contact will all incrementally improve the system visual monitoring of these measures via community health worker is a simple way to check and respond if these controls are not in place this latrine with septic tank is an improved technology that poses less risk to users than the previous situation let's look at the emptying process motorized emptying and transport is much safer than manual emptying but there are still risks that need to be managed a key exposure group is the workers hazardous events are mostly related to blockages and malfunction of the equipment for example the operators may be sprayed with sludge and also contaminate the surrounding area these risks are typically high here are some controls to protect workers providing appropriate equipment working according to standard operating procedures and ensuring workers with personal protective equipment the organization responsible for overseeing collection and transport can set minimum standards like these and make spot checks to monitor if they are followed in this example all of the fecal sludge is delivered to the treatment plant but in poorly managed systems some may be diverted to dumping sites this can have serious health and environmental impacts SSP should also identify dumping as a hazardous event and include controls and monitoring to manage these risks posed to the wider community at the treatment step it is vital that the treatment process operates well so that effluent and biosolids meet agreed standards if not users on farms and consumers of the farm produce will be exposed to an unacceptable risk the hazardous events may include overloading of the plant breakdowns the processing temperature and time and the presence of flies or mosquitoes or seasonal factors such as high rainfall that may affect performance the risks and consequences of these are high example controls include proper design and construction trained operators and a preventive maintenance program monitoring may include periodic testing of effluent and checks on delivery volumes but even the best treatment processes will occasionally not meet standards in some cases lower levels of treatment may be unavoidable with the existing technology or desired by farmers who wish to access nutrients for reuse that's why barriers at the next reuse step are particularly important during reuse there are risks to farmers using the biosolids especially where intestinal worm infections are prevalent risks will depend on the performance of the treatment plant in the previous step and the way the biosolids are applied in the farm or in the field when produce is sold to the general population for consumption many people are potentially at risk pathogens can be recycled back to the community at large and lead to a disease outbreak this is costly in terms of public health but it can also ruin the reputation and operation of businesses that reuse wastewater and sludge the type of crop growing and the application method affects the risk for consumers in general crops eaten raw have a much higher risk compared with crops which are cooked or processed before eating these risks are potentially high controls that can be used include selection of crops not eaten raw setting a time between the last application and harvesting to allow pathogens to die off naturally and washing of produce and clean water before sale monitoring may include checking crop types as well as hygiene during the packing and sale we have just followed the modules in the SSP manual first describing the sanitation system identifying hazardous events and exposure risks developing and implementing improvement plans monitoring controls and verifying performance coordination amongst stakeholders is needed to implement all controls and monitoring in a safely managed system that's why establishing and representing each step of the chain is vital to prepare for SSP coordination can be challenging but evidence shows that safely managed systems lead to far higher health gains than improved sanitation alone further using the multiple barrier approach reduces dependence on capital intensive treatment technologies as the main barrier controls can be included at any step and incrementally improved over time as resources permit and summary SSP is a risk based tool for safely managing existing sanitation systems SSP coordinates improvements and monitoring by actors along the sanitation chain SSP does not rely on treatment only it uses multiple barriers including behaviors, management and technology to prevent exposure the SSP manual that includes more guidance and tips is available in several languages that have started and implement SSP Hello, I'm Kate Medlicott technical officer for sanitation and wastewater at the World Health Organization in this video I will give you an overview of sanitation safety planning and we'll look at an example Sanitation Safety Planning or SSP for short is a risk based management tool for sanitation systems a safely managed sanitation system prevents exposure to disease causing excreta sanitation chain from containment through emptying, transport, treatment and to disposal or reuse it can be used together with excreta flow diagrams or SFDs shown in the previous module to make sure that excreta reaches safe rather than unsafe end points SSP reduces health impacts while increasing the benefits of reuse SSP can be used for all kinds of sanitation systems both in formal and informal settings the approach is best used for improving existing systems in communities with no sanitation demand creation should be prioritised so how do SSPs work? first we need to understand the system we plan to manage this is referred to as a system assessment phase where the sanitation chain and exposure groups and pathways are identified and expressed as hazards and when they are unacceptable improvements are designed to reduce them this approach ensures action is prioritised according to risk monitoring and management using multiple barriers along the chain ensure that the whole system is operating as intended SSP can be applied in many settings today I'll be illustrating the approach in an informal urban setting typical of growing cities in many countries we'll follow the chain showing examples of exposure groups hazards, controls and monitoring at each step to build up a safely managed sanitation system that protects public health notice as we go that not all improvements involve expensive capital investment changes in management and behaviour can also significantly reduce risks also notice that different stakeholders bear responsibility for controls and monitoring at each step here is a simple pit latrine with manual emptying although excreta are contained in the latrine this unimproved system poses a number of health risks exposure groups include the users the workers who empty the containers and the surrounding community children and the elderly are especially vulnerable from contact with soiled surfaces in an unhygienic latrine these groups may be exposed via direct excreta contact through the feet and hands and when excreta is inadvertently transferred to the mouth via dirty hands or flies the risks here are medium to high depending on the exposure group while the goal is a more hygienic improved sanitation technology we can still reduce risks for example controls such as wearing shoes better cleaning of the latrine personal protective equipment for workers and using an emptying system that reduces direct contact will all incrementally improve the system visual monitoring of these measures via community health worker is a simple way to check and respond if these controls are not in place this latrine with septic tank is an improved technology that poses less risk to users than the previous situation let's look at the emptying process motorized emptying and transport is much safer than manual emptying but there is still risk that need to be managed a key exposure group is the workers hazardous vents are mostly related to blockages and malfunction of the equipment for example the operators may be sprayed with sludge and also contaminate the surrounding area these risks are typically high here are some controls to protect workers providing appropriate equipment working according to standard operating procedures and ensuring workers wear personal protective equipment the organisation responsible for overseeing collection and transport can set minimum standards like these and make spot checks to monitor if they are followed in this example all of the fecal sludge is delivered to the treatment plant but in poorly managed systems some may be diverted to dumping sites this can have serious health and environmental impacts SSP should also identify dumping as a hazardous event and include controls and monitoring to manage these risks posed to the wider community at the treatment step it is vital that the treatment process operates well so that effluent and biosolids meet agreed standards if not users on farms and consumers of the farm produce will be exposed to an unacceptable risk the hazardous events may include overloading of the plant breakdowns the processing temperature and time and the presence of flies or mosquitoes or seasonal factors such as high rainfall that may affect performance the risks and consequences of these are high example controls include proper design and construction trained operators and a preventive maintenance program monitoring may include periodic testing of effluent and checks on delivery volumes but even the best treatment processes may occasionally not meet standards in some cases lower levels of treatment may be unavoidable with the existing technology or desired by farmers who wish to access nutrients for reuse that's why barriers at the next reuse step are particularly important during reuse there are risks to farmers using the biosolids especially where intestinal worm infections are prevalent risks will depend on the performance of the treatment plant in the previous step and the way the biosolids are applied in the farm for example manual or mechanical application when produce is sold to the general population for consumption many people are potentially at risk pathogens can be recycled back to the community at large and lead to a disease outbreak this is costly in terms of public health that can also ruin the reputation and operation of businesses that reuse waste water and sludge the type of crop growing and the application method affects the risk for consumers for example crops eaten raw have a much higher risk compared with crops which are cooked or processed before eating these risks are potentially high controls that can be used include selection of crops not eaten raw setting a time between the last application and harvesting to allow pathogens to die off naturally and washing of produce and clean water before sale monitoring may include checking crop types application and harvesting practice as well as hygiene during the packing and sale we have just followed the modules in the SSP manual first describing the sanitation system identifying hazardous events and exposure risks developing and implementing improvement plans monitoring controls and verifying performance coordination amongst stakeholders is needed to implement all controls and monitoring in a safely managed system that's why establishing a team at the outset with members representing each step of the chain is vital to prepare for SSP coordination can be challenging but evidence shows that safely managed systems lead to far higher health gains than improved sanitation alone further using the multiple barrier approach reduces dependence on capital intensive treatment technologies as the main barrier controls can be included at any step and incrementally improved over time as resources permit in summary SSP is a risk based tool for safely managing existing sanitation systems SSP coordinates improvements and monitoring by actors along the sanitation chain SSP does not rely on treatment only it uses multiple barriers including behaviors, management and technology to prevent exposure the SSP manual that includes more guidance and tips is available in several languages on the WHO website along with other resources to help users get started and implement SSP Hello I'm Kate Medlicott technical officer for sanitation and wastewater at the World Health Organization in this video I will give you an overview of sanitation safety planning and we'll look at an example Sanitation Safety Planning or SSP for short is a risk based management tool for sanitation systems a safely managed sanitation system prevents exposure to disease causing excreta at all steps of the sanitation chain from containment through emptying, transport, treatment and to disposal or reuse it can be used together with excreta flow diagrams or SFDs shown in the previous module to make sure that excreta reaches safe rather than unsafe endpoints SSP reduces health impacts while increasing the benefits of reuse SSP can be used for all kinds of sanitation systems both in formal and informal settings the approach is best used for improving existing systems in communities with no sanitation demand creation should be prioritised so how do SSPs work? first we need to understand the system we plan to manage this is referred to as a system assessment phase where the sanitation chain and exposure groups and pathways are identified and expressed as hazards risks are recessed and when they are unacceptable improvements are designed to reduce them this approach ensures action is prioritised according to risk monitoring and management using multiple barriers along the chain ensure that the whole system is operating as intended SSP can be applied in many settings today I'll be illustrating the approach in an informal urban setting typical of growing cities in many countries we'll follow the chain showing examples of exposure groups hazards, controls and monitoring each step to build up a safely managed sanitation system that protects public health notice as we go that not all improvements involve expensive capital investment changes in management and behaviour can also significantly reduce risks also notice that different stakeholders bear responsibility for controls and monitoring at each step here is a simple pit latrine with manual emptying although excreta are contained in the latrine this unimproved system poses a number of health risks exposure groups include the users the workers who empty the containers and the surrounding community children in the elderly are especially vulnerable from contact with soiled surfaces in an unhygienic latrine these groups may be exposed via direct excreta contact through the feet and hands and when excreta is inadvertently transferred to the mouth via dirty hands the risk here are medium to high depending on the exposure group while the goal is a more hygienic improved sanitation technology we can still reduce risks for example controls such as wearing shoes better cleaning of the latrine personal protective equipment for workers and using an emptying system that reduces direct contact will all incrementally improve the system visual monitoring of these measures via community health worker is a simple way to check and respond if these controls are not in place this latrine with septic tank is an improved technology that poses less risk to users than the previous situation let's look at the emptying process motorized emptying and transport is much safer than manual emptying but there are still risks that need to be managed a key exposure group is the workers hazardous events are mostly related to blockages and malfunction of the equipment for example the operators may be sprayed with sludge and also contaminate the surrounding area these risks are typically high here are some controls to protect workers providing appropriate equipment working according to standard operating procedures and ensuring workers with personal protective equipment the organization responsible for overseeing collection and transport can set minimum standards like these and make spot checks to monitor if they are followed in this example all of the fecal sludge is delivered to the treatment plant but in poorly managed systems some may be diverted to dumping sites this can have serious health and environmental impacts SSP should also identify dumping as a hazardous event and include controls and monitoring to manage these risks posed to the wider community at the treatment step it is vital that the treatment process operates well so that effluent and biosolids meet agreed standards if not users on farms and consumers of the farm produce will be exposed to an unacceptable risk the hazardous events may include overloading of the plant breakdowns the processing temperature and time and the presence of flies or mosquitoes or seasonal factors such as high rainfall that may affect performance the risks and consequences of these are high example controls include proper design and construction trained operators and a preventive maintenance program monitoring may include periodic testing of effluent and checks on delivery volumes but even the best treatment processes will occasionally not meet standards in some cases lower levels of treatment may be unavoidable with the existing technology or desired by farmers who wish to access nutrients for reuse that's why barriers at the next reuse step are particularly important during reuse there are risks to farmers using the biosolids especially where intestinal worm infections are prevalent risks will depend on the performance of the treatment plant in the previous step and the way the biosolids are applied in the farm for example manual or mechanical application when produce is sold to the general population for consumption many people are potentially at risk pathogens can be recycled back to the community at large and lead to a disease outbreak this is costly in terms of public health but it can also ruin the reputation and operation of businesses that reuse wastewater and sludge the type of crop growing and the application method affects the risk for consumers for example, crops eaten raw have a much higher risk compared with crops which are cooked or processed before eating these risks are potentially high controls that can be used include selection of crops not eaten raw setting a time between the last application and harvesting to allow pathogens to die off naturally and washing of produce and clean water better and washing of produce and clean water before sale monitoring may include checking crop types, application and harvesting practice as well as hygiene during the packing and sale we have just followed the modules in the SSP manual first describing the sanitation system identifying hazardous events and exposure risks developing and implementing improvement plans monitoring controls and verifying performance coordination amongst stakeholders is needed to implement all controls and monitoring in a safely managed system that's why establishing a team at the outset with members representing each step of the chain is vital to prepare for SSP coordination can be challenging but evidence shows that safely managed systems lead to far higher health gains than improved sanitation alone further using the multiple barrier approach reduces dependence on capital intensive treatment technologies as the main barrier controls can be included at any step and incrementally improved over time as resources permit in summary SSP is a risk based tool for safely managing existing sanitation systems SSP coordinates improvements and monitoring by actors along the sanitation chain SSP does not rely on treatment only it uses multiple barriers including behaviors management and technology to prevent exposure the SSP manual that includes more guidance and tips is available in several languages on the WHO website along with other resources to help users get started and implement SSP Hello, I'm Kate Medlicott technical officer for sanitation and wastewater at the World Health Organization In this video I will give you an overview of sanitation safety planning and we'll look at an example of how sanitation safety planning or SSP for short is a risk based management tool for sanitation systems a safely managed sanitation system prevents exposure to disease causing excreta at all steps the sanitation chain from containment through emptying transport treatment and to disposal or reuse it can be used together with excreta flow diagrams or SFDs shown in the previous module to ensure that excreta reaches safe rather than unsafe endpoints SSP reduces health impacts while increasing the benefits of reuse SSP can be used for all kinds of sanitation systems both in formal and informal settings the approach is best used for improving existing systems in communities with no sanitation demand creation should be prioritized so how do SSPs work? first we need to understand the system we plan to manage this is referred to as a system assessment phase where the sanitation chain and exposure groups and pathways are identified and expressed as hazards risks are recessed and when they are unacceptable improvements are designed to reduce them this approach ensures action is prioritized according to risk monitoring and management using multiple barriers along the chain ensure that the whole system is operating as intended SSP can be applied in many settings today I'll be illustrating the approach in an informal urban setting typical of growing cities in many countries we'll follow the chain showing examples of exposure groups hazards, controls and monitoring at each step to build up a safely managed sanitation system that protects public health notice as we go that not all improvements are expensive capital investment changes in management and behavior can also significantly reduce risks also notice that different stakeholders bear responsibility for controls and monitoring at each step here is a simple pit latrine with manual emptying although excreta are contained in the latrine this unimproved system poses a number of health risks exposure groups include the users the workers who empty the containers children and the elderly are especially vulnerable from contact with soiled surfaces in an unhygienic latrine these groups may be exposed via direct excreta contact through the feet and hands and when excreta is inadvertently transferred to the mouth via dirty hands or flies the risks here are medium to high depending on the exposure group while the goal is a more hygienic improved sanitation technology we can still reduce risks for example controls such as wearing shoes better cleaning of the latrine personal protective equipment for workers and using an emptying system that reduces direct contact will all incrementally improve the system visual monitoring of these measures via community health worker is a simple way to check and respond if these controls are not in place this latrine with septic tank is an improved technology that poses less risk to users than the previous situation let's look at the emptying process motorized emptying and transport is much safer than manual emptying but there is still risk that need to be managed a key exposure group is the workers hazardous vents are mostly related to blockages and malfunction of the equipment for example the operators may be sprayed with sludge and also contaminate the surrounding area these risks are typically high here are some controls to protect workers providing appropriate equipment working according to standard operating procedures and ensuring workers with personal protective equipment the organization responsible for overseeing collection and transport can set minimum standards like these and make spot checks to monitor if they are followed in this example all of the fecal sludge is delivered to the treatment plant but in poorly managed systems it is recommended to dumping sites this can have serious health and environmental impacts SSP should also identify dumping as a hazardous event and include controls and monitoring to manage these risks posed to the wider community at the treatment step it is vital that the treatment process operates well so that effluent and biosolids meet agreed standards if not users on farms and consumers of the farm produce will be exposed to an unacceptable risk the hazardous events may include overloading of the plant breakdowns the processing temperature and time and the presence of flies or mosquitoes or seasonal factors such as high rainfall that may affect performance the risks and consequences of these are high example controls include proper design and construction trained operators and a preventive maintenance program monitoring may include effective treatment of effluent and checks on delivery volumes but even the best treatment processes will occasionally not meet standards in some cases lower levels of treatment may be unavoidable with the existing technology or desired by farmers who wish to access nutrients for reuse that's why barriers at the next reuse step are particularly important during reuse there are risks to farmers using the biosolids especially where intestinal worm infections are very rare risks will depend on the performance of the treatment plant in the previous step and the way the biosolids are applied in the farm for example manual or mechanical application when produce is sold to the general population for consumption many people are potentially at risk pathogens can be recycled back to the community at large and lead to a disease outbreak this is costly in terms of public health that can also ruin the reputation and operation of businesses that reuse wastewater and sludge the type of crop grown and the application method affects the risk for consumers for example crops eaten raw have a much higher risk compared with crops which are cooked or processed before eating these risks are potentially high controls that can be used include selection of crops not eaten raw setting a time between the last application and harvesting to allow pathogens to die off naturally and washing of produce and clean water before sale monitoring may include checking crop types application and harvesting practice as well as hygiene during the packing and sale we have just followed the modules in the SSP manual first describing the sanitation system identifying hazardous events and exposure risks developing and implementing performance coordination amongst stakeholders is needed to implement all controls in monitoring in a safely managed system that's why establishing a team at the outset with members representing each step of the chain is vital to prepare for SSP coordination can be challenging but evidence shows that safely managed systems lead to far higher health gains than improved sanitation alone further using the multiple barrier approach reduces dependence on capital intensive treatment technologies as the main barrier controls can be included at any step and incrementally improved over time as resources permit in summary SSP is a risk based tool for safely managing existing sanitation systems SSP coordinates improvements and monitoring by actors along the sanitation chain SSP does not rely on treatment only it uses multiple barriers including behaviors management and technology to prevent exposure the SSP manual that includes more guidance and tips is available in several languages on the WHO website along with other resources to help users get started and implement SSP Hello, I'm Kate Medlikott technical officer for sanitation and wastewater at the World Health Organization in this video I will give you an overview of sanitation safety planning and we'll look at an example Sanitation safety planning or SSP for short is a risk based management tool for sanitation systems a safely managed sanitation system prevents exposure to disease causing excreta at all steps of the sanitation chain from containment through emptying, transport, treatment and to disposal or reuse it can be used together to flow diagrams or SFDs shown in the previous module to make sure that excreta reaches safe rather than unsafe end points SSP reduces health impacts while increasing the benefits of reuse SSP can be used for all kinds of sanitation systems both in formal and informal settings the approach is best used for improving existing systems in communities with no sanitation demand creation should be prioritized so how do SSPs work? first, we need to understand the system we plan to manage this is referred to as a system assessment phase where the sanitation chain and exposure groups and pathways are identified and expressed as hazards risks are recessed and when they are unacceptable improvements are designed to reduce them this approach ensures action is prioritized according to risk monitoring and management using multiple barriers along the chain ensure that the whole system is operating as intended SSP can be applied in many settings today I'll be illustrating the approach in an informal urban setting typical of growing cities in many countries we'll follow the chain showing examples of exposure groups hazards, controls and monitoring at each step to build up a safely managed sanitation system that protects public health notice as we go that not all improvements involve expensive capital investment changes in management and behaviour can also significantly reduce risk risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management risk management I'm not so sure how to get that picture back on. Hey, I think it's yours. So welcome everybody. Okay. So everybody welcome to finalize these sessions on upscaling sanitation at the city level. And thanks SEI for this very good vegetarian food. It was very good. Perfect. I think everybody is ready now for the last 15 minutes of these sessions. We will have one presentation from our colleague Daniel, but before our colleague from Kenya has a few words to say to you. No, just very quick. Thank you so much for listening to our presentation, but I just wanted to announce that you'll know the genesis later, but we have the CEWI equivalent in Africa 20th of November to 25th at KICC, Kenyatta International Conference Center in Nairobi. If you can check out our website, you can register yourself. The idea behind and why I want to announce it here is because we're looking at innovation in both water and sanitation between our entire university. And then we're inviting companies from Europe and North America and also Latin America to come and display their products. There's one thing to have products actually developed here, and they come to us, but I'm asking the companies to come to Kenya and show us, first of all, you have to know our problems, first of all. And then when you go back, hopefully we'll have it yearly. And so I'm just taking this opportunity to invite everyone to look at our website and register. Thank you so much. Karibuni Kenya. Thank you very much. So you're welcome in Nairobi for all of you. So now we will, for the last presentation of these sessions, we will speak about new topics. And this is the question of research recovery from sanitation. So, Daniel, I'll let you introduce yourself and do the presentation. Thank you. Thank you very much. The presentation I'm going to give right now is from work that I did as part of my master's thesis at KTH, Research Technology, prominently displayed right there, but also working within the Sustainable Sanitation Initiative here at SCI with Anu Rosmarin, Kim Anderson, and other colleagues in that team. Now, what is the motivation for us moving into resource recovery? This is basically that we need to revamp sanitation from a sector that is associated with dangerous west flows that is associated with productive resource flows. And this is not just the public health benefits that come from having improved sanitation in all areas and in the context of cities for this session specifically, but also other productive resource flows because when you recover energy, nutrients, and other possible resource recovery or reuse products from sanitation, then you have a multitude of co-benefits that you can get from sanitation rather than just public health benefits. And this is really the motivation for the tool that we have developed here at SCI and KTH. And the tool basically is meant to estimate the reuse products that we can get from sanitary waste streams, so fecal sludge, sewage sludge, you know, wastewater and other waste flows in the urban context and name it. And then also the potential revenues that we could get from these reuse products if necessary investments are made to have technologies that can capture these resources. And this tool also is able to make a comparison between the different resource recovery products that are available. So these are basically the capabilities of the tool as it is right now. So this is what the tool does. But why do we need to have a tool in any case? Global estimates have been made of the potential value that can be captured out of sanitary waste, specifically fecal sludge or sewage sludge. There's already projects that have, you know, attempted to capture the global value within human excreta or wastewater or fecal sludge or whatever form it might be. For example, this is a report that was published last year and I tried to estimate the potential benefits that we could get if all human excreta from the entire globe was turned into some form of energy. So there's the potential market value of 9.5 billion US dollars annually, imagine. There is also another study that has been done to try to capture the global potential of phosphorous recovery. And, you know, it has been mapped very clearly according, you know, to country and continent or regional level with scenarios both for 2009 and then in the future as well. But we all realize that whereas it's good to have a global picture of the potential, the necessary investments, the necessary action that needs to be taken to realize this global potential is at the local scale, at city level, at town level, in the local area. That's where the necessary action needs to be taken for us to realize this global potential, these global strategies. But suddenly the tools that have been developed so far to try to capture, you know, the potential of resource recovery are either focused on one waste stream or one resource recovery option and most of them are geared towards the context of the global north. So this leaves out the countries in the global south where as we know, the majority of our population growth is going to take place in the next few decades. So this is the inspiration for the tool that we are making. We want it to be something that is comprehensive that covers, you know, a wide range of waste streams, a wide range of resource recovery options and fits both contexts, both in the global south and in the global north. How does the tool work? I'm going to demonstrate briefly. The tool, we tested it in Kampala and these are the waste stream flows that we have in Kampala for the different waste streams, as you can see, both for current generation or current collection rates, but then also the potential if the city improved its collection systems in terms of efficiency and coverage. So I will jump right to Microsoft Excel briefly. Okay. Sorry about that. I'm not sure how to get this away from PowerPoint. I tried doing that, but then it just brings up that blank screen. Just to display the Excel. Okay. I think here, right here. Let's bring it out now. You want it? Yeah. Let me try this. Maybe we just have to stop screen. We just have to say don't just duplicate this. Okay. Hopefully they get it there. All right. As a student of technology, I should have been able to cover this. Okay. Anyway, so this is the tool. As you can see in present form, it's in spreadsheets. So we have four spreadsheets. There's some few instructions for the user to follow. There is a model, and this is basically the main part of this tool that we have developed as you can see. So at the top, you can see these different West Streams, FICO Sludge, for example. Sewage Sludge. And at the moment, we also have organic Manispo Solid West. And in the yellow boxes, the user can put in the amounts of the West Stream that they have in their city. So for example, in Kampala, there is 390 cubic meters of FICO Sludge. There is 66 tons of sewage sludge that can be generated every day. And as far as solid waste is concerned, 700 cubic meters. And then you can, tons per day. And then you can see estimates for biogas in terms of the amount, the energy value, the potential revenue, as well as the nutrients content within the residue. And you can see the same for the other resource recovery options. Solid fuel, potential and more feed ingredients from Black Soldier Fly Lava, as well as fertilizer. You know, some of those West Streams are composted. And then the estimates that we see here in terms of minimum, typical and maximum to give a range. And that's why we have called it estimate. It's not the actual values. And these calculations are based on the characterization data of these different West Streams. So we have a worksheet there on characterization data. This comes with the tool, but if there is characterization studies that have been done in the city or in the particular local area, they can feed in this data so that they have a more accurate picture. But most of this is based on literature and it's representative. Then we also have some graphs to give the comparison that I talked about. So we can see in terms of potential revenues. If all these West Streams, for example, we are geared towards biogas and the residues in terms of nutrients, this is the revenue that you could potentially generate. The yellow bit, the orange bit is the typical values and then we have the maximum and minimum estimates. And so we can see, for example, that if you used it for soil, if you were either in form of powder or a briquette form of pellets, then you could have much higher revenue potential there. And there's also estimates for the nutrients and also for the energy content. So a city can make a choice based on do we need to have a more fertilizer generated from within the area instead of importing urea or do we need to create, you know, to have an alternative source of energy or do we need to just maximize revenues. And that can help them make a decision. So getting back to PowerPoint, just to give an overview of the potential within Kampala, as you can see for the three West Streams, for the scenario of what is collected daily at the moment. We could have about 115 cubic meters of biogas every day from the daily collection of these three West Streams. And this is enough to substitute the daily firewood that is used by about 263,000 people. So there's a lot of potential there, as well as, you know, you can see the other resource recovery options and their value as substitutes. This tool is not intended to be used as a standalone tool. It fits within the overall sanitation planning and other, you know, the wider city planning tools that are available. So you can see there is a potential, for example, to fit it up with the tool that has been developed by IRC because, you know, it produces fickle flow volumes and this is the data that we need in Revamp. So you can fit it together with other tools, close, you know, Sanitation 21, the Compendium of Sanitation Technologies and a wide range of other tools. But not only for sanitation, here we are talking about energy, we are talking about food production, we are talking about fertilizer. So it's not just sanitation. There's a wider range of issues that come together and this tool can be a very good complement to the other tools that are already being used for city planning. And it's also very, you know, it fits into the wider sustainable development agenda because if you recover energy, you know, that's, energy is available there. Then if you don't have our excreta flowing into the open environment, then we're having much better ecosystems in the city area. We have, if we recover nutrients, then we have food security. If we don't have west flows, you know, openly in the environment, then we have people having a better public health. Then of course there's revenues that can be generated creating green businesses and opportunities for green jobs and of course water security as well if the water streams in the area are not contaminated by these fickle flows or other forms of waste material. So it fits, you know, within the wider sustainable development agenda, both at urban scale, but even national scale. And then we can realize the global potentials in these resource flows. So what's next? We intend to do further work on this tool, improve the user interface, integrate with other tools for nexus planning, for a nexus approach to planning and also include other variables of course, the costs both for investment at the beginning and then operation and also testing it in a varied range of towns and cities to improve it based on feedback from the users and other stakeholders. And we welcome partners that are interested in joining in this work at all levels. This just to credit people that have been involved in this project. So thank you very much. Presentation. So if you have any questions, any question of clarification or any remarks, it's welcome. Maybe I could try with first questions in your Excel sheet. You speak about sewage sludge. Do you speak about wastewater or unless the sludge part of the wastewater? The sludge specifically. So after some form of either activated sludge treatment or some form of treatment, the sludge that remains. Not the effluent. But of course there is value in that as well. For example, if it's reclaimed water that can be used for irrigation and those are aspects that we intend to include in the tool in further steps in the future. Thanks, Daniel. Great. I think it's an excellent introduction to what I'm going to talk a little bit later. Thank you. But my question is, did you, you know, with these impressive numbers on energy, do you talk to people who are dealing with energy? Do you talk to people who want to have sustainable energy but they never talk about sanitation, they never talk about water? At the moment that hasn't been done to a great extent. When we tried out the tool in Kampala, it was only with the public health and environment directorate within the Kampala Capital City Authority and that was just the first step. And I should also note that this is just work that has been done so far in six months. So there's a lot of, you know, there's a long way to go. And like we realize that this is not something for the sanitation sector only because it involves like I explained so many other sectors and other stakeholders that need to be brought to the table. To discuss together. So I think that's something that, you know, we really need to do going forward. You said you tested the tool in Kampala. What kind of impact did it have? Did it lead to some developments on the ground with some political choices and maybe trials on new energy generation? At the moment no concrete decisions have been made based on this tool. But we intend to engage stakeholders further as we develop the tool and as we improve it. But in Kampala there is a very good political goodwill, you know, from the stakeholders involved. There's a lot of projects that are ongoing. I know some of the people in this room have been involved in projects in Kampala. So I think there's a lot of potential. One example I could give. The World Bank funded lots of projects in different urban centers in Uganda to obtain value from organic waste in the cities. And most of these projects were centered around composting facilities. And money was offered to Kampala. Kampala said no, let other cities do composting but for us we want to do something to do with energy. So this is already something that they are thinking about. So there is of course some synergies between these projects and the ongoing political decisions that are being taken within the city in Kampala. But we intend to do more engagement with the stakeholders there. Because this tool can't work on its own. It's not something to be done at SCIO. It can only have impact really if all the stakeholders and the people that it's intended to benefit on board. Thank you. One last question. You make the difference between income from the energy and for example nutrients. But if you use it for energy there is also a leftover which can also be used to produce fertilizer. So have you been looking at that? Yes. I can't go back right now because of time but those values in terms of revenues that I showed capture both the energy and the residue. So that's taken into account. It was not just the energy. So for example for biogas there is a residue that comes from biogas digestion. So that was accounted for. So that graph includes both the potential revenues from the biogas as well as the residue. So thank you very much Daniel for the very useful presentations. I know that we have a lot of discussions still today so I will try to summarize very shortly the discussions we had since this morning regarding this session on upscaling sanitation at Yoban level. I just switched to recall what Alejandro said to us at the beginning of this session to say that we know all of us that we have a very strong challenge regarding sanitation, Yoban sanitation particularly. And we are ready to go beyond the low collection to go at city level to think about national levels. Really don't speak only about small projects but to really upscale the activities. We have a lot of very interesting presentations so I really wish to thank all of you, all the presenters for your presentation. I think it was very useful. It was I think a broad view but a broad travel in the urban sanitation cycle. So thank you very much. It's difficult to summarize all the elements but I think it was very useful because we had a lot of elements regarding the assessment of the situations on what we could do. We have elements regarding the assessment through the ACFD, the sheet flow diagram. We had also to have an overview of this sheet flow. We have also elements through the SANI path to specifically assess the question of public health risk linked to sanitation. I think it was very complementary. And we just have with Daniel also these questions of resource recovery. How could we consider also sanitation effluence on the potential of resource recovery? So I think it was very useful. Martin gave us also very interesting elements with the FSM tools to explain that we have to take into consideration all these elements regarding assessment. We could work based on that on the aberration of strategy and to implement all these elements. I really appreciate one of the elements of Martin, I like this morning, is also that we have to consider not only in one side the onsite system on another side the sewage systems but really to think always when we are in a city to think of the complementarity between these two systems and don't think about only one. I think it's a very crucial point. I think it was very useful also for us to have the presentation from our colleague from Kenya to say we speak about how to upscale and they show us interesting tools. These trust funds they use, how these trust funds could help the innovations coming directly from the utilities themselves. I think it's a very useful tool and tools that help to elaborate pilot projects at the beginning but also mainly try to upscale these pilot activities. So I think following all these elements we have a lot of elements. We know that it's at the earth of the work of most of us, we have a lot of work to continue to do together but I think it's very important to have this opportunity together and thanks to Susanna to give this opportunity to share all this experience. So thank you very much and I let the... Just have a short announcement. If you want to keep discussing on city-wide sanitation and urban sanitation we have a side event at the World Water Week tomorrow at 9 in which we'll be presenting nine cases so as it's the registration so I kindly ask you to get there earlier to get your badges and be able to be at the side event in time. Okay, thank you. Okay, we're coming to the next session. Session three, we're only like ten minutes behind schedule so it's great. And it's sustainable sanitation in the Agenda 2030 and the International Water Architecture. We have a number of contributions to this. First, as I announced in the morning, Roland will walk us through the background document and maybe a new sort of amendment to the vision or a new document that will bring us towards the SDGs and will share that with you and we'll ask for some feedback from you. We'll further discuss it in the core group tomorrow and we'll share it more broadly than from January onwards. But to keep you in the loop and as well to have your reactions Roland will embark on that. That's the broader picture. We'll have a couple of sort of focused contributions. One is that SEI has produced a new book which is actually very useful for that discussion and Kim Andersen will present that to us. And then I'm very happy that Daniela Krahl from the German Ministry has joined us. And well, it's the first time that the German Ministry is here in this 20-second Susanna meeting. But that's great. I think you trust us, you look at us, you listen to us, what we report to you but you help us going since almost 10 years. So great that you're here. And you'll speak about that business as usually is not an option to fulfill the 2030 agenda and that the global architecture and the water sector, that we did look like to really get things going. We'll have Kate Medleycott. She might still be in a UN meeting but she wanted to tell us about the whole area of monitoring in the sanitation goal in the SDGs and those who sneaked in during lunch and looked at the MOOC that was Kate. So we'll have her here live then as well. And then as India is sort of a bigger part of the game and the Indian president had that switch bar at Clean India and how is it going? We have the Indian chapter. We will ask Vishwanath to give us his perception. How is that going? How does that fit as well into 2030 and really get things done? And I know you'll have your very interesting view on that. So without further ado, I would ask Roland, we are sharing it together to, well, let us know what's going on. Maybe I sit next to you. Yes, thanks very much. Well, good afternoon. I know this good food that you had requires all the attention from your body but I hope that you still can spare some attention of what I'm going to talk about. Actually, we said already this morning that we are in the period of changing from the MDGs to the SDGs. And when we started discussing in Susanna what this might mean or what this should mean for Susanna, we said it's probably a good idea to have a background paper so that we are all on the same level of information. And so we together with Elizabeth Kwanström and Patrick Brocken we wrote this background paper. I hope there are still copies around. Or chairs. They were on the chairs. So I would quickly go through that. What we want to do with this background paper is actually just see what are the main changes from the MDGs to the SDGs. And showing that sanitation is not only related to SDG 6 but basically to all other SDGs. And in my opinion this is a great opportunity. One can regret that there are 17 SDGs but I see it more as an opportunity for Susanna to enter into these other themes as well. So I will talk a bit about that and then of course what that all means for Susanna. And we had already some preliminary talks and some inputs from the core group and we will continue with that tomorrow. And of course everybody is welcome to give their comments. So let me see how do I go here. Okay, just a few words about the development of the SDGs for those who are maybe not aware of what really happened. We would like to remind ourselves that in 2012 at the Rio Plus 20 it was decided to have SDGs as successor of the MDGs and then in 12, 12 till 14 there was an open working group working on this an extremely open process with all the pros and cons. I will come back to that. And I think part of this process we also should be aware of this conference in August in 2015 in Addis Ababa talking about financing. How do we finance these SDGs? And I think for me it was very important if there was a long, very difficult discussion to realize and to say that really new resources are necessary and at the top is domestic public resources. We have to mobilize more domestic resources. Domestic and international private business and finance and of course still ODA. And then as you all know in September 2015 these 17 SDGs were adopted and of course for us the six is the one and I was actually part also with SDC fighting that we have one on water and actually the existing one is about 90% what we actually suggested how it should look like. So if you are not happy with it you can also claim it to us. So what are the main difference between the SDGs and the MDGs? Well first of all this process very inclusive goal setting process and as a result of that also it's much, much more comprehensive. We had eight MDGs, now we have 17 SDGs 169 targets. Well how can we deal with this? Well it is a challenge. I think one of the real big change that SDG Agenda 2030 is no more a development agenda it's a sustainability agenda. So they are universal goals they are applicable for all countries for Zambia as well as for Switzerland. Of course not in the same way. I don't think in Switzerland open defecation free communities is a big issue but there are other SDGs which are a big issue also for Switzerland. Sustainable production, sustainable consumption this is much more important for Germany or Switzerland than it is for Zambia. So I think that is very important and we will talk about what does that mean for Susanna. And then they are much more ambitious. You remember we many of the goals one wanted just to go half way through. Now we have to go all the way through. Zero. And one of the real important one leaving no one behind. Leaving no one behind. And you know I'm very old now. I remember when I entered into this whole sector that was the beginning of the water and sanitation decade. And you know the motto was then in 1980 water and sanitation for all by 1990. You know where we are today. The motto was also some for all instead of all for some motto still very actual as today. So we are not talking about new things basically. And I mentioned the funding. I mean the MDGs were supposed to be funded mainly by ODA. Now it's a different type of funding and I set up that we have to look at. Well related to water you all know MDGs we just had we didn't have a water goal. It was just under under goal seven. The proportion of the population without sustainable water and sanitation should be reduced by half. Now we have really this SDG number six with six main targets and two targets related to means of implementation. And you know these are the two wash how I call them the wash targets. And we have the wastewater management target. And I was dealing this this figure from that publication here because it shows very nicely what's the difference between MDGs and SDGs related to water and sanitation. You see on the left MDGs now we are talking about the whole system when we address the SDGs. And then of course we have the six four finally talking about use efficiency and sure sustainable withdrawals. And I think in the one before of course recycling and say free use. You know and then coming to what what Dania was just talking about that's how how important that is. Now we have then the water resources management target. And of course we have also the target for protecting the ecosystem. So much more much more complex and then we have the two means of implementation targets. Now what are the developments in the in the in the sanitation sector during the MDG period. And I went so for me the most important change is this profile of sanitation which increased really in when I think back in the year 2000. I mean talking about these things people ridiculed us even in my institution at AirVarG the classical engineers they said what are you talking about we know what to do we know sewer systems is the solution come on I mean you are just ridiculous. Now the same people realize suddenly hey even in our countries maybe that not maybe the way to go and I think this is so now looking at this the systems approach in the year 2000 nobody talked about well some people talked about but very few and I think the big change we still talk about the same things basically but many more people talk about the same things many more bright people about talk because I always said the sanitation challenge is so big and so difficult only the brightest people have to work in it and because you know it's it's relatively easy to design a system Sanité for Zurich it's relatively easy but to design a sanitation system for Dar al-Salaam it's incredible difficult we still don't know yet or in India I mean people are still working on it and very successfully but I think you are far away of saying we know the solution so we are still working but for me it's very nice to see that so many more people and bright people are finally working in this field which was so unsexy for many many many years and that point is for me also very important that even in so called industrialized developed countries people more and more are realizing that we need a paradigm shift also in our systems and people in Sweden have been talking about that for many many years but there were only a few and it really didn't get across and many people gained access to so called improved sanitation no question but and here is the big but but still 2.4 billion are still using and improved these numbers including the more than 1 billion people who are still practicing openification and I think for me this is really also very very disturbing you know it shows the big inequality between urban and rural between poor and rich and also in 2010 it was declared water and sanitation is a human right and now recently even sanitation itself is a human right if you look at this picture we are far away from this human right you know it just shows the poorest quintile to the richest quintile now I think sanitation relates to nearly all of the other SDGs I don't go through it I think we elaborated quite a bit in this paper here how this how these relations are because we wanted to actually motivate people especially other the working groups to open their eyes you know and I take now the energy one and that's why I'm so grateful for Daniels Lombard who showed the clean energy I was participating in some of the energy people meeting before the SDGs and they were very concerned that there will be an energy goal great there was not one word about sanitation about byproducts of sanitation maybe being helping to achieve this target there were many little things about water so I think I feel that this is a great opportunity now for Susanna to get into these different SDGs and to talk to people to talk to energy people to talk nutrition people health people that we did for long education people so I think nearly all of these SDGs are direct or indirectly linked to sanitation and I would like to be people aware of that this is a big opportunity now coming to the what does that mean for Susanna like I said we had already discussions with the core group we also did a survey based on this background paper we asked several questions and how the discussion looks at the moment and we will have it much more discussion tomorrow with the core group this new document which will be either an amendment or a new document and you ask maybe yourself why an amendment well I was involved in the development of a vision paper in 2008 and it's actually the only document that all members all partners of Susanna subscribed there are many documents that Susanna had was involved but it was only the only one and it was a long process that everybody could agree with that maybe it's a constitution of Susanna and we said why reopen this discussion again but it's not decided yet if it will be an amendment anyway but content wise it will look probably very similar so we'll have of course introduction we will have a short description about from the MDGs to the SDGs what I just show you now in nutshell it came out that we really have to have a definition for sanitation in our vision document we never had a clear definition what Susanna means for what sanitation means for Susanna and I think we have to do that especially now that wastewater comes in how do we relate to that some people say well solid waste should be in too I think we need this operational it will be a hard work that everybody can agree we will do that I think we need a statement how target 6-2 the sanitation is related to the wastewater how is that related to each other I think some people were very unhappy that we had 6-3 in because they said well that takes away the attention from 6-2 and there should no competition there to make a clear statement how these are related to each other what does universality and leave nobody behind mean for Susanna these two very important points I think it will it is quite unanimously clear that I think Susanna should still focus on the law and middle income countries but it will also look at newer developments in the industrialized countries and use as showcase that there are alternatives to the conventional wastewater systems it also comes out quite clear that Susanna's work will put more emphasis on the hardest to reach and most vulnerable and the the word here is more not only but maybe a little bit more than in the past and I think it was mentioned already before I think Susanna's working groups shall take up access to all and upscaling as a cross cutting issue and address them from their specific thematic angle so that's how this document probably will look like and I just would like to invite you if you have some strong opinion if you have some ideas please I think in the in the you can fill in this form here at the end or you can tell us so that we can bring it into the discussion with the core group with the heads of the different working groups and then of course we also had these two questions how can Susanna contribute to end open defecation in a sustainable way you know CLTS is sort of the almost the civil bullet now I think CLTS is has a great merit but on the other hand I think when there was just a big book came out on sustainably of CLTS and we said oh great that's now covered sustainable issues but if you look at it it just shows how sustain for them sustainable is just not turning back to open defecation that's for them sustainability for Susanna sustainability is a little bit more than that and so I think I think we probably will have to develop sort of a statement on that a little bit not criticizing CLTS but to show that you know how can CLTS become a sustainable system and then we need interpretation of target 6.2 and 6.3 because you know one of the philosophy of the SDG is really that these global targets have to be translated now into national targets this is very important and I think Susanna could really play an important role in assisting that especially with regard to 6.3 there are no global indicators for recycling reuse and I think this is at the core of Susanna in a way so I think Susanna could really play here an important role assisting governments how to translate these international targets into national targets because you know it's a big agenda 2030 but it's a framework and it's now up to the governments to come up with their targets and the big advantage for me in agenda 2030 is that people have now the right to ask the governments what are you doing about these things I think this shouldn't be underestimated civil society gets a stronger role in this okay I think that's all what I wanted to share with you today thanks very much thank you very much indeed Rodin that most insightful view of the opportunities I think just adding to what Rowan said we really have a golden opportunity now to influence the development agenda and I know from Rowan's last slide that many countries are crying out they're crying out for technical guidance on how to measure these indicators so they're going to be calling on the Susanna group at wide for assistance in this area and it's absolutely critical we have a small window to do this to be prepared anyway I'd like to open the floor up for comments to Rowan or any questions or clarifications that you have so please who would like to kick off the conversation okay Hi Christine Moe Emory University I really liked your presentation and contrasting and comparing the MDGs and the SDGs I think one important aspect of SDG 6 that we've been interested in is the extension of WASH into institutions and particularly healthcare facilities and I think that sanitation in healthcare facilities is more complex than household sanitation and so I just wondered if you wanted to comment on that I think we've been working in this area for the past five years and we realize that we need some better indicators for healthcare facilities WHO and UNICEF is working on this but I think it's an area where there's still quite a few information gaps Do you want to go ahead and I fully agree with you and a lot still has to be done my plea also would be we have the the SDG on education and I think we should also with the education people I mean no school is a good school if they don't have good sanitation facilities so it's not only that we among ourselves and tell people what should be done I think we also have to reach out that these people in the education field they also realize hey that's a problem we have to tackle next comment somebody else yeah I'm Antonette Coma from SNV I haven't read the paper so maybe it's inside of the paper but I was wondering what your thoughts are about the target 6.5 the integrated water resources management and it's relation to sanitation is it possible to divert us or that it will improve where do you have any thoughts well what I can tell you that this was the most controversial target because of the inter between the countries you know the trans boundary thank you very much because that was the biggest issue but I didn't have too much thought and I don't think that it will deviate our attention too much why do you think it will in many of the presentations conversations that we've been having it was about district-wide sanitation with municipal authorities on sanitation in their area because it is their their duty basically of course if we bring in a watershed perspective that is also trans boundary in that sense and it's a whole different dynamic again we haven't been talking about that personally I don't advocate for that but I think we need to think about it what it means because there is this push to look at it on a watershed level good point, good point let's think about this although of course I know water is really water is really an issue of river basin that is no question how far it is relate to sanitation we will think about that hi thanks that was very interesting and there is a lot of interest in looking at synergies across the SDGs but I think it would be interesting to look at the potential trade-offs as well so areas where you have either targets cancelling each other out or just constraining each other so to look at how sanitation might have if we are talking about progressive realization of sanitation are there potential interactions with the goals on aquatic ecosystems for instance so looking at that as well and not just the positive synergies but also the potential trade-offs very good point something I forgot to say actually is that when we have these 17 SDGs some of them completely conflict with each other if we have protection of environment reducing resource use and then economic development you know there are really conflicts there but I think the nice thing about this that I think governments have to start to talk about this when we talk about war I have been involved in water also in Switzerland water always full of conflicts full of conflicts and it's actually the society it has to be a civil contract how this is dealt with how much water goes to energy how much water goes to water supply how much water goes to industry and so I think having these conflicts I think it's very good to open up that they are conflicts that they are synergies but they are also conflicts so that's another opportunity I think thank you very much Roland I think we'll bring this discussion to a close now because we're under time pressure thank you very much again Roland for your excellent presentation the next presentation is from Kim Anderson from SEI who's going to talk to us about their joint publication Kim so it's really great that Roland has kind of set a scene this is a joint effort with UNEP SEI so but also co-authoring from the Swedish Technical Research Institute with Elizabeth Kwanström and Jennifer McCombill Rasek Seder from University of Technology Norway and SEI colleagues on mine on Rosemary Serdicken and Kasper Trimmer our scientific writer so what Roland said what are we talking about is it sanitation, is it wastewater actually that was when we started to discuss this study that became a book that was actually the starting point for the whole thing we were starting talking about showing good examples of wastewater recovery reuse but then we said hey we cannot talk about wastewater without talking about sanitation how can we have a sustainable wastewater management without looking upstream in some countries 90% of all wastewater is coming from households and normal sanitation systems so that equation didn't work really as you can see you're probably aware of this it's diverse issues around the world some leading to more health impacts some more to environmental challenges so we also looked at the sustainable development goal and seeing we need to discuss it around this this is a framework it's something a change that is taking place now so we need to actually frame our discussion in this context but interesting I don't know if it's they are actually divided here you have sanitation in 6.2 and you talk about wastewater in 6.3 so no clear connection here either but the good thing is that as Roland pointed out this is we at least we see that the SDGs really a good base to to start to really work on a global scale on sustainability when it comes to sanitation and wastewater management so the question is how far we will get the MDGs looked a lot about on the toilets the access to sanitation while the SDGs they start to talk about treatment but also mentioning recycling resource recovery so the question is how far we can get but we think we have to try to motivate to go as far as we can to the right so we mapped some of the issues and if you start to look it's sanitation up to the left we have the communicable diseases to the right a water scarcity and malnutrition and you can see that there's some regions in the world that this is actually coinciding and we think that doing sanitation different can at least respond to some of these these issues this yeah so what we did we also tried to map then if you do more with sanitation so it's cut hard to see this we have a poster on the door outside and of course you can look in the book when it's launched but it says waste containment in the first column then it says safe sanitation access and availability pataging control, nutrient emission control and then to the right you have resource management and recovery so we looked at by doing a more going towards resource recovery and sanitation and waste water management how many goals can you kind of address and contribute to and you can see if we go all the way up to resource management and recovery and complete the other functions of sanitation then we can actually address 34 different targets so that's quite impressive but we think it's so important to frame because further what do we really mean by sustainability sometimes it's taken quite lightly and we feel like this we have to go into the different topics sustainability and provide more evidence and arguments but if we want resource we really care about resources and the management and we think there is actually resource scarcity coming around the corner then we think it's important to really put stress on this so we put that in the middle actually but it's based on the the Susanna sustainability criteria and it's it's all there so what does this mean what does this mean when we come to like practically how do we do that how do we put resources first we think there is kind of a need of a paradigm shift when we do development projects or setting up new projects in a new town for example we actually need to start to look what are the resources there what's the scarcity what's the demands so when what type of resource management options are there to get energy out maybe reuse water in irrigation around the city and then at the end when we know more or less what we want to do then we can start to talk about how do we do it what kind of technical systems do we need is it centralized decentralized is it water born or is it non water born but that each context will have to define that doing this this way we think then we can reach to this multiple potential benefits this is just another way to show it the value of the waste we have a lot of different waste streams in our society human excreta is one but there are others and actually this they are not waste it's energy in some form nutrients organic matter water and we have different options as I said and so in the book we also then look at what's the value of what's added value of the waste in the city and we are doing resource management and recovery and this is just a case of where we where there's a lot of contamination of wetlands in the city and if we start to do different and it's really depending on wastewater not being treated left out there so if we start to collect for example harvest the with the material we get out the biosolids we have a fertilizer it could be combined maybe with urine separation so and then we could have a lot of good benefits water saving we have more sustainable fertilizers reduction of CO2 emissions etc so then we go into the other dimension of sustainability at the institutional social aspects of course what are actually the enabling environment is really important to know what you want to do in the planning but what we thought is important if you really want to do resource management and resource recovery we have to understand also that there are new user group and new spheres of actors that we don't have in sanitation normally or in wastewater management so we have a user group that is the common one but then we have someone doing the treatment we have somebody doing the reuse and then we have consumers buying these products once again so we need actually to consider this as a whole new governance institutional setup that we require and of course trust between these groups in a really small scale in a rural village this could happen in one household of course but when we are talking about urban areas for example then of course we have the health part we dive into some strategies there multi barrier approach recommended by the WHO that you need integrated wash also that you have to really identify where in the system you have critical issues because it will not just as I said with a different use what I call it actors when you want resource recovery it will also be in this case we will have more potential risk points in the system so one tool that could be used and is discussed is the sanitation safety planning was launched last year I guess we have the environmental dimension protecting but also enhancing we can combine wastewater treatment with natural treatment system and provide new ecosystem services for example technical functionality I think I have been into that a little bit the important is that we also think of sustained functions when we design and operate and design the operation maintenance for example when it comes to treatment options we all have to think that now if we are going to review and recover different streams there might be in some cases we don't if we want to reuse for example wastewater as irrigation we have to look at pathogens micro pollutants we are going to reuse as a drinking water then we have to maybe get rid of organic material as well so depending on what we want to have out of the resource and then we are looking a bit about the financial models the importance of cost benefit analysis the World Bank has done a great job looking at the MDGs and also started to look at the SDGs when it comes to what will it cost look at some of the benefit and costs showing that actually doing sanitation improves sanitation will generate economic benefits but then what is still to be do is to actually look at this from a resource management point of view as well and see how this could even provide even more arguments for sanitation and wastewater management and at the end of the book we are showcasing good examples of resource recovery from small scale to larger scale in different areas examples from Sweden for example is black water recycling Bolivia we have more of urine diverting dry toilets and a project in Brazil we have two cases one on grey water recycling another one on reuse of sewage sludge from Namibia we have the reclamation wastewater reclamation to groundwater recharge and recycling for drinking water etc I have to stop now but the idea was to give you some glimpses of our new book that we are launching on Monday 5.45 in SCI booth on the top floor I think in the water week venue and there is the book will be available for downloads so go ahead and share and I hope it's going to be useful for different communities and different actors and also for this discussion that Roland talks about how do we define these terms thank you I saw among the authors as well Elizabeth Kwanström and she's as well in the author group together with Roland so I think she can as well really bring the broader picture as well into the third process of the background document one or two comments while Daniela Kral is getting ready please sorry my name is Chad Brooken from Free Flow Consulting one comment I have is that I'm noticing a lot of focus on energy production and I think that our focus should really be on food production if we're ingesting food in our bodies and it's we're creating waste from it there's a byproduct of course of biogas but do you feel that the industry or the temperature in the industry is more toward energy and more toward food production that is a good point from our perspective we haven't put more emphasis on energy actually we think the food production part is as important or even more important but I guess as you say maybe if you look at the wastewater sector and the industry it is easier for them to start to produce energy from their wastewater treatment plants but to start to reuse then you need to convince the farmers that you have a clean product etc so of course there's a lot more barriers to get to that so I guess that maybe we should therefore we should also emphasize it even more but we see it as energy is important but as well as there's still no energy security you can say so yeah maybe you have to eat first you need energy to eat maybe okay yeah now I just want to emphasize what Jet was saying you know we have made major mistakes in the very fast the past about introducing a linear sanitation system and which we are dealing with the problems today from my practical background it's indeed very easy to talk to industries who have the resources to turn also sanitation resources into energy because that is what I get the profit from and I think that Susanna would basically to call that more into nutrition and food production because I mean the whole issue of phosphorus has shown that this is going to be the major issue in the next century thanks I just want to comment I think there is a climate change I guess that motivates to do more renewable energy and I guess one problem is maybe that energy has become an ad hoc to the wastewater treatment plants already there but I think if you in many cases you will start a little bit more from the scratch and if you have energies as one of the possible resources that you could reuse I don't think that has to be trade-offs with food production but I think it should be on the table when you discuss what's the potential solutions and what do you want to achieve in your specific case last and yes thank you but also very ad hoc Williams from Water 8 also very related to that I think discussion or I think it shouldn't really be which is more important or more urgent right now because I see both of them equally important but I just give a classical example of why for example I personally would be very interested in energy a country like Nigeria that it's huge in terms of population as far as the African continent is concerned but that's a country that is grappling with energy challenges and I can just imagine you know and we all recognize how much energy can just be a catalyst for in the entire development process for that country so it really needs to be taken in context where we're promoting what because some countries just need and then there's a lot of food production that has been wasted because there's no energy to transform those you know food produce to something that the country and the people can continue to use in different basically what I'm trying to say is it shouldn't be a case of which is more important but more of in what context where is what needed the most here. I actually can support that with a case for example Ethiopia I mean in the countryside people are really burning everything they are so I mean it's really getting into an environmental issue getting the energy security in the households so if they can start to process and do anaerobic domestic and biogas production on a household level then they will still have some biosolids that can go back to the field so for example there's a lot of gains there so I think we shouldn't just say we should energy has to come long down the line I think it has to come up front as well and then we have to see in each case what are the most important aspect that we have to take into consideration. Thank you Kim. Yes and I think in the beginning there was a lot discussion in Suzan about food production then it was saying what actually are the different opportunities which are there now we as well see that look first for the highest opportunity and then design the sanitation system that you actually cater to the need of the resource that you might use so I think that's how the discussion develops here and in a broader sense put it in the center of all the STGs Kim and now I'm very happy to announce Daniela Kahl who will bring as well one aspect of the bigger picture we're sort of opening up at the moment the Suzan discussions on from MDG to STG floors yours. Thank you very much. Thank you Arne on behalf of FMZ the ministry I work for I would like to thank you for giving me the opportunity to talk about the ideas on what does it mean to bring the agenda 2030 working to implementation on a ministry level it's not the level you're working on but nevertheless it is very interesting I think for you because in the end it has a lot of impact to all the other stakeholders in the water and sanitation area and well as you have heard today from speakers we had here before water is a central element in the new agenda and it is mentioned in the text in several parts I think I should not go into detail how it's mentioned but as you see protection of the planet and its natural resources there is one point where water comes in the other is human rights to save drinking water and sanitation efficient use of water and energy these are the new outlines excuse me closer okay yes this is another slide comparable to the one you have seen today is what does it mean for the other STGs that water is in it but this is an exercise I think all the other people working for the other STGs are doing as well so you find presentation you know coming from health showing that without supporting health all the other STGs can't be met but here it is explicitly written what does it mean for example water in 15 is reduction of mainland cost pollution to the seas and so on this is more specific where the interlinkage between water and the other STGs are and the interlinkage is all sometimes meant as risks if you go too far to the one goal you will do well it's difficult for the other so it's a contrary goal some are synthesis so you can meet two goals at the same time as we have in water and sanitation sanitation and health here are some more important highlighted in STG3 good health we have a target addressing containment of water bone diseases reducing the infant mortality rate so if you don't address hygiene and toilets you won't reduce the infant mortality rate and it doesn't matter how much you do with good nutrition then sanitation is bottleneck so here maybe the most important highlighted where we have started to do more strategic work but the main topic of my presentation is the global water architecture that means the architecture of the UN institutions we think that one of the main problems in the past in the MDG area in the sanitation area was that the UN was not well positioned and we have started an initiative among some countries on a ministry level doing some analysis and creating a new vision and ideas where the UN system could go to the analysis shows that the global water governance structure in the UN system is highly fragmented with single issued perspectives and in contrast to other STGs there is no dedicated UN intergovernmental body so the high political leaders can't have a voice on water in the UN there is currently very little regular dialogue between major groups and governments on water aspects and the new mindset of the STGs is not reflected that there is where the other stakeholders come in and there is currently no counterpart for intergovernmental bodies of other sectors let's say for health for food security for agriculture they have quite important and well working intergovernmental bodies but there is no talk on an equal level to water because there is no intergovernmental body so water is one of the major risk factors in the years to come and therefore there is a need for such a body so far the analysis and if you try to bring it to a picture but I was criticized by showing this picture because one of the audience said he had counted the little signs in the middle there is just 31 but there are nearly 50 different UN bodies with water so it's not enough there should be more so what does it show? there are a lot of organizations programs working in the field of water with impact to water and they have more or less well established reporting line to the high level how do you say the HLPF and they have more or less defined way to Ecosoc and this is all well organized to the general assembly where comes water in? in the UN we have something that is called UN water it's just a technical organization member states are not member of UN water UN water is just a technical coordination of UN organizations so it's just there and the UN organizations are a member of UN water so they are a bit closer but it's a very weak technical coordination and it has no mandate to bring anything to the HLPF or to talk to member states but since the agenda 2030 was published two new high level panels were created the global high level panel on water and peace and the high level panel and water that was done this year in January and the World Bank and some governance these high level panels show that there is an increasing need for countries on a high political level to express their concerns but these high level panels do not belong to the UN and there are only a handful or two handful countries of member there so Germany is not member of one of them for example Swiss is but it's not really representative and it does not really help they do not any work and then we have the monitoring organizations so that's the way it is what would it mean to have a fit for purpose architecture the most important thing that the new body should be mandated by all UN member states so it should be mandated by the general assembly so there must be some countries to write a resolution that the mandate can be given this is up to the states stakeholders cannot write a resolution to the general assembly but it is important that the multi stakeholders and the networks are engaged in the new body so this has to be addressed in the resolution even though the multi stakeholders cannot write the resolution it's not meant to be the task and the functioning has to be described but there are paper work done already on that so the vision is quite clear what they should do then we have discussion on the role of UN water we have the Wenscup final report Wenscup recommends that this report is recommending that UN water should be strengthened so that it can be secretary for this new body but there is a lot of discussion right now going on and it will be discussed here on the water week for example on Monday on the high level panel on water architecture especially the role of UN water or the role of other UN bodies that is the main discussion the recent discussion right now should the new secretary be linked to existing UN bodies should with UN water be created a new UN body there are pros and cons and I would say if you link the secretary for the new body to one of the existing then the existing always comes from a special side it's not the holistic approach it can't cover the holistic approach and only a new body could be independent and cover the complete vision of the agenda but there are discussions going on so I leave it to the conference and it's not decided yet well maybe some last words to the integration of major groups and other stakeholders representation and participation of major groups have to be essential elements for intergovernmental body the whole agenda has been developed and adopted so it's fundamental in it it's the essence the participation of major groups will help stimulate and energize its work and give publicity to it and after all the states cannot do it alone implementation needs all actors to work together the private sector and the civil society and as long as we had the UNSCOP the UNSCOP was acting as the independent voice for all the border sectors but UNSCOP has finished it's work end of last year so it's not there anymore the final report we think is a good guideline how we should address the problems in a way that we can solve the challenges and I think the last thing maybe a sharing experience learning from each other is key for the successful implementation of the STGs so we have to be there in the UN at a very high level and bring all the different perspectives together I hope I'm still in time there are much more points but it's an ongoing open discussion that is what it's of most importance right now in the ministries so this is my insight I would like to share with you thank you thank you Daniela for giving us an insight on that level you showed the yes that one we can consider to put Susanna somewhere I'm not suggesting it but if people are saying there are not enough logos on it we always could offer one but more serious I invite some voices from the floor Roland and maybe others to comment please thanks very much I'm wondering are you also considering I mean we have UN organization health we have one on food we have one on many different issues I know we talked about in the last several times that it was defeated but I think maybe that's the moment did you are you talking about or is that basically the end result of the whole exercise and maybe another comment about UN water I think as long as UN water is just a coordinating agency we saw it in the development of the STG extremely weak because extremely weak because they always say we have to take care of all these 40 plus organizations and so they never came up with it well at the end they did come up with some position but it was basically not their own there was another voice I guess the question is it seems common sense that there shouldn't be this disconnect between water and wastewater it's in the name so why do all these water organizations do they not realize that wastewater is the resource and there is clean water and then we shit in it why are we shitting in our drinking water is another question I have well at the UN level that doesn't happen no but these organizations they are covering food, energy, health and not the difference between water and sanitation so this difference is not reflected on this level so the new body should cover the complete STG6 and the water related targets to the other STGs while we have maybe one or two more questions we can get the presentation of Kate ready? Yes? Yes but your question was is the you didn't finish really do you? You would like to have an answer the future of UN water? In this discussion is it also discussed about having a UN organization on water? Yes that is and well we are the thing is about mandating, resolution and finance and we have to bring together the finance of member states the finance the UN system has by its own then it is very different if you go on the resolution on the general assembly to address the general secretary or to address with the resolution directly an UN organization so these are the tricky question that follow directly after that I did not go into these details so we work on different alternatives which are realistic Okay thanks again Daniela Okay we had a glimpse on what could be the vision document too or whatever it is we had the book on SEI we had now the UN level and the architecture around it and Kate will enlighten us now about monitoring I always think that however it is something will come out and the question will be then how are you doing it on the ground and I don't know Kate what you will tell us what comes out or how are you doing on the ground what the floor is Thank you Is this working? Okay so that's actually kind of a nice segue because I've just come from the UN water meeting where all of this architecture was discussed and to quickly respond to your question there, as in the agency for health I can tell you we absolutely do look at water and wastewater together in fact we have health based guidelines for all parts of the water cycle on drinking water, on wastewater and recreational water and also the links to nutrition, to neglected tropical diseases it's kind of all there so we are very much trying to take an integrated look at this For those of you who don't know me, I'm Kate Medlikot and I'm the sanitation team leader at WHO I'm not part of the JMP team but I work alongside them with a focus on 6.3 together with Graham Alabaster who's here with you today and so we're going to go from this very kind of broad discussion we've just had about the monitoring architecture which is not just the monitoring architecture but the whole UN architecture around water I'm going to zoom in now on just a really specific piece of this which is a proposed methodology for monitoring target 6.2 and 6.3 and to really highlight that this is a draft and we've got a very long way to go, we're looking at building a monitoring instrument that will serve us for the next 15 years but also understanding that we've actually got some really short timeframes ahead of us, we need to get baseline reports out soon and that involves a lot of complicated things dealing with huge variability in data big data gaps and also the whole interact with countries so as the global monitoring instrument we of course are recipients of the data, we need to respect the processes and data availability in countries so with that in mind I just want to present to you some of the thinking that has been going on and with thanks especially to Andy Peale and Luca DiMario Barbara who presented this yesterday at the SFD meeting and Graham and I have been working on it as well so I think it was Roland that was saying several people have said that we can't separate out wastewater and sanitation and the approach taken for global monitoring is sort of respecting that idea as well so looking at this really in two parts the wastewater from households so building on the JMP and looking at wastewater from economic activities or industries so we'll talk about the two of those slightly separately but I just wanted to quickly step out how they, I don't think anybody here really needs a lesson in this year old sanitation practitioners so know it well but essentially we're looking at the combination of wastewater from households from industry the combined effect on water quality ambient water quality that is and recognizing that there are huge flows from agriculture but they're very difficult to monitor at source so really trying to pick up those in the monitoring of ambient water quality and of course if we're able to get these two indicators working together then we will have a nice metric on the on the sources of pollution and their combined impact on ambient water qualities and by extension drinking water quality so these are the two parts we'll talk about I think many people are very familiar with this now so I'm just going to be talking about 6.2 and 6.3 and these indicators which you probably also know and not 100% finalized yet but the the concrete is starting to set around them and hopefully by March we'll know for sure what the indicators will be but you'll see there's a new terminology safely managed sanitation and safely treated wastewater so I'll just skip to the sanitation part and what the definition of that means so this is an extension of the MDG period definition so we're talking about sanitation services that are not shared and where excreta is safely disposed in situ or transported and treated offsite which seems straightforward enough and still you start digging into it a little bit more so again I think we're all very familiar with the MDG sanitation ladders and this new run this safely managed sanitation is really proposed as a new run on the ladder so going it's not that we would stop monitoring basic sanitation or improved sanitation but looking at the proportion of those that have improved sanitation who actually have a safely managed sanitation service so essentially what we're talking about is monitoring the full sanitation chain which has been shown in other presentations and to make sure that we capture the specifics of the sewage and onsite systems from a global monitoring perspective of course the sewage is the easiest data to get at from utilities but I think we all know that the vast majority of sanitation is actually onsite so we need to kind of get our hands dirty a bit and try and capture this data on what's happening with onsite systems so what this is really kind of a back end tool to look at how you actually calculate this amount of safely managed sanitation and just a way of trying to organize the data in a way that kind of makes sense and makes sure we're capturing the complexity of what's going on so what you'll see here is the sanitation ladder as we know it open defecation unimproved sheared and then these other categories are on improved on and off site facilities and trying to see if we plug in the JMP data to the left side what percentages of that is really safely disposed in situ and how much is treated either at a people's large treatment plant or a wastewater treatment plant and that would give us a calculation of the proportion that's safely managed but I think we all know that unfortunately it's not quite that simple that there's losses along the sanitation chain and we'd like to progress eventually to be able to kind of capture these as well so understanding that a lot of what is emptied or goes into a sewer doesn't actually make it to treatment that there's again and then a lot of what is which goes into a toilet is actually not contained either sewers that are going to open drains for example I'll skip through that so here's just kind of an example versus from a country in Latin America we're just seeing what this might look like as we would go from the MDG period to the SDG period so on the far left there you can see that the JMP ladders this is actually for Peru where they have currently 74% improved sanitation when we transition to safely managed sanitation using you can visualize it using a SFD style approach which is one way of presenting this to see where the losses are but essentially the output would show you that just actually 30% in Peru is actually safely managed so this presents an enormous challenge a communication challenge as well as an implementation challenge for everybody in the sector I think we're seeing a lot of countries but frankly but shocked thinking they've done so well in the MDGs and going what we suddenly gone down from 4% to 30% others think well that's great the MDGs we'd sort of finished that work and we're happy to have a new challenge so there's a couple of ways of looking at this but what we can be sure of is there's a huge communication challenge around this for all of us about how we integrate this into our work how we explain it to our partners and what that means in the kind of implementation we're doing so I think the MDG approach of talking about improved sanitation sort of drove us not entirely but more towards infrastructure style projects how do we get more improved facilities out there when we talk about safely managed services I think it forces us to think about and much more about the kind of service delivery so it's a different mindset that we need to kind of get our head around and I think Roland I just caught the end of your presentation and you said oh there's no indicator for reuse and you know you're right there's no specific indicator for it but we're doing a little bit of thinking with some of the people in this group about definitions around treatment and what is safely treated because essentially from a data management perspective you kind of somehow that's safely treated that's not and it's a complicated thing to do so this is kind of a think piece that we're working on essentially looking at and this is for wastewater treatment there's a similar one for fecal sludge but essentially trying to think about that in terms of what is the level of treatment that's provided so that's the treated part of safely treated and then a public health dimension sort of saying well how fit for purpose is that treatment that's been given and looking at just some very simple exposure scenarios so for example the easy one here would be to say well if you've got primary treatment with a long ocean outfall you can probably call that safely managed if you've got primary treatment that's been used for food production then you wouldn't so it kind of gets this notion of reuse in there even though we don't have a specific indicator on it but again getting the data for this is really our challenge so essentially what we're trying to do is make sort of a simple graphical overview of the sources and sinks of unsafe wastewater water and sanitation and sort of building on what's become very commonly used now I think with this SFD kind of representation it's trying to be a little bit intervention neutral I don't think we want to be driving we don't want global monitoring to be driving investment in any specific technology but more to say well look here is the situation at a national level and it's blunt because it's national level of course and to drive a policy level discussion on allocation of resources and priorities it builds on the JMP data so at least at the start of the left hand side of the approach we have some statistically representative data as we go to the right hand side the data becomes a bit more shaky and I've covered that last point so I just wanted to cover the second part now and Graham you're very welcome to speak up or let me know if I'm getting this wrong but talking more about the industrial part of it because I think here is sanitation people we're quite comfortable with saying sanitation and wastewater are the same thing but there's other wastewater people who understandably want to to make sure these other components of wastewater are properly addressed so essentially the approach that we're looking at here is an inventory so capturing all of the inventory types trying to get a metric on the approximate size of the industry looking at where it's discharging to and it's hazard classification and finally whether it's in or out of compliance with its discharge permit so that part of the indicator would be a combination a proportion of hazardous effluent over the total hazardous effluent generated so we have two components of the of the safely treated wastewater indicator so I think that's all I have to say on that and I think there's probably lots of questions so maybe I'll open up for that if there's time Thanks very much Kate so I think we've got, I know we're running a bit late but this is such an interesting subject if there's any questions or comments you'd like to make try and be as brief as you can because we are a bit tight on time so so very quickly I'd like to make a link between Roland's presentation and your presentation I thought it was very interesting to see that now the goals are universal and now the goal is sustainability and if we keep the disposal as one of the options in the end then what do the developed countries have to do because on all the other steps they are good it's probably close to 100% yet the sanitation is not sustainable because in the end it always ends in a water body so I think the real goal is absolutely the reuse and as long as the loop is not closed then it's not sustainable I again saw the flush toilet as a symbol and I now start to be a little bit obnoxious about it and I think we should at least I mean drop the flush from the toilet because the symbol of household sanitation is a flush toilet and I think you're getting the wrong message across and you in the water has that and now see that you are using it again and now I'm getting a little bit and the other question is we had long discussions on shared toilet facilities and I see again that it's kind of a limbo and for many many people I mean that's the only option and I wonder I'm actually surprised that it again came up as a kind of not so good kind of thing one more comment well the segue is directly into mine is I appreciate that it's interact or intervention neutral and that the end goal is safely managed sanitation whether it's a shared or not shared toilet this the ladder sort of indicates that there's a progression where in fact you might have a very good safely managed shared option that we need to be recognizing do you want to respond to those no I can do that I mean they're all really good points I mean on the sustainability one unfortunately to some extent for richer countries how they interpret that indicator I think they can build a lot more nuance into safely managed and sustainable and I hope they do the flush toilet yes we will try to use this point taken absolutely shared is a much more complicated one and I think you're probably going to see the terminology for shared and transitioning to what's called a limited service and I think we're waiting to see a bit stronger evidence of some of those shared facilities with the safely managed service chain that's an interesting combination that hasn't really come through on the data yet but unfortunately the epidemiological studies for sharing are still pointing to that it's bad for health unfortunately so from a simple perspective of is this meeting criteria of preventing human contact with excretia that the epidemiology is not really supporting that shared provides that but we understand that there's a really really intense debate around this yeah okay continue or you add something hi this is Sarah Dickens from SCI I forgot to say that my last question I'm going to be starting some research looking at gender vulnerability related to wash and I was wondering how that is going to be monitored or how data will be collected to look at gender differentiated access okay a couple of other interventions I start here and then I come to you in a minute yeah something that I asked Barbara yesterday but how will you address the issues in monitoring for the remaining part of the service chain because that cannot be captured by household surveys something that we've discussed but I know what you're thinking of doing and what has happened in the POC countries that is what my interest is sure one more comment just a small comment to the shared I thought it was not a question about shared or not shared but shared by how many I think recent studies have shown that if it goes up to I think six families or I don't remember now or five yes five then it's okay so I think it's not shared or not shared but they have to differentiate it more yeah I'm but hesitant to get deeper into the shared one except to say that yes or no on the gender differentiated data so what the JMP is really looking to do now is thematic reports that capture some of these specific issues there's lots of things that the household surveys can't do very well like migrant populations like getting into gender disparities intra-household there's a number of things and they're trying to capture those a bit better in thematic reports but at its core the JMP uses household based data so that's the kind of the lowest level of disaggregation we can get and there's kind of the wealth quintile some things around age but you're probably not going to get the kind of granularity of gender disaggregated data you might be hoping for there in terms of your question Mira about the getting the data so there's there's kind of two ways of looking at this if we look at what we have to do in the next year then it's going to be a bit rough and really and whatever we can get frankly a big data drive just pulling in whatever we can and trying to get a sense of it for a baseline but over the longer term what we're doing already is testing new questions that can go into household surveys you're right you can't get the whole sanitation chain from households but you can get a bit of information about emptying and transport perhaps from households and so they would be looking at testing those and transitioning them into the large household surveys slowly over time and then linking that with better service provider data acquisition so for example IB net is looking at adding new questions that would pick up on the treatment that would be aligned with STG monitoring purposes but as always the big gap is how we get service providers for onsite services and we have some questionnaire tools we're working on with that and I think you've seen them and how we kind of start getting that done at scale I think is our big challenge I think we'll call it I know there's lots to discuss but I think in interest of time we have one more presentation and I think we should move on so if you've got any other questions come see Kate or myself afterwards so the final thank you very much Kate so the final presentation we've got this afternoon is about regional political processes you know the floor is yours that's the Twitter handle and the Facebook and Zendrainment so to be in communication and in touch just a sort of a snapshot and a quick view and an abstract view of what's happening in the Indian context with toilets so I think for the first time in India we've got the Prime Minister backing a sanitation right standing from the Red Fort on our independence day and the target set is phenomenal 110 million toilets to be built by October 2nd 2019 we're far ahead of the STG goals in terms of the toilet construction so 20 million toilets have been built in the last two years from August 15 to 2016 it's a phenomenal number you've got to get another 90 million toilets very quickly so to put it in perspective before India could not achieve the million MDGs in terms of sanitation it did not achieve the MDG target for sanitation but in terms of the STG at least in terms of toilet construction it set itself an ambitious target so this is what it says the government statistics and figures all government schools are now covered with toilets separate toilets for boys and girls about so many toilets built and in crushes which are for children between the age of 0 and 4 this is the kind of toilet construction that seems that's happened all this is sort of live and it's on the website of the ministry of drinking water and sanitation it's updated almost hourly the figures are updated hourly with the technology choice it's the pour flush squatting, twin pit toilet that's the technological choice and 110, 120 million toilets will be built which will be pour flush not UDT not the toilet challenge toilets not the twin pit toilet and I think at some point one of times Susanna has to come up with a specific recommendation of what it thinks about the twin leech pit toilet and what it thinks is sustainable or not sustainable about it and how will it go subsidy driven, completely subsidy driven there will be a CLTS model in the beginning to drive demand, generate demand and then there will be a subsidy that follows some states and India operates differently for each state some states have enhanced the subsidy also performance has been different for many states and that's it this is the toilet model unfortunately in many states only a single pit is being built the hope is that a twin pit will be added no evidence to show that people have built a second pit later on so it stays at a single pit some states are building twin pits and so that has its implications as you will all know the positive factor is that there is this huge political push behind it and the prime minister pushes the message it gets listened to right now with the new prime minister especially it's a great deal of advertisement drive communication in the mass media everywhere people are going there's a separate team sort of a third party inspection that's also going on by the ministry of rural development for the toilets national level monitors as they are called and they go and check and report on the progress being reported by the state governments there's been a huge amount of confusion there because the data's have not tallied with what's been reported on the ministry's website and when the national level monitors go and when the national level monitor goes in April and then it goes again in August there seems to be a mismatch between those figures too so a whole amount of reconcilation is happening because the numbers are huge corporate social responsibility funds are coming in companies have to devote 2% of their profits social responsibility and this year the balance money which was unspent by the large corporations was transferred to the government fund for toilet construction so that's what's happening there's a 1.5 billion dollar loan from the World Bank which is coming for the Swach Bharat the mission therefore the current budgetary provisions may not seem to be enough but it looks like it's going to be supplemented by the World Bank loan the challenges are of course the delivery of subsidy to the household huge bureaucratic delays usage as opposed to construction shows a figure of 50% so you can count the toilets but how do you count usage and that continuously remains a challenge how do you count usage drought last year was phenomenal was very profound it affected 360 million people and which means that if you have a poor flush toilet it looks like there's a huge implication on that there's no data or evidence to suggest what it is but anecdotal evidence and reports from various habitations have suggested that people have shifted back to OD because they do not have enough water to drink and that will be a continuous challenge as things go forward getting to twin pits from single pits emptying of pits and safe management of pit sludge manure remains to be addressed so that disposal system mechanism is still not in place what has to happen with it and of course the alternatives for flood affected areas hard rock terrain typical areas where the utility you think would work that's not been explored enough in large numbers to suggest that it's a good alternative and that will naturally come but what we will do what suspect is that we'll build the twin pit poor flush toilets we'll find that they don't work in the flood affected areas and then we'll replace them with other alternatives as things go forward so we are condemned to sub-optimality and therefore the thoughts that have been hearing is that we seem to be aiming for the ideal with the SDGs and with what we want as nutrient recovery but I think what people want first is access to toilets and then comes the reuse part and then comes the nutrient recovery part so in the hope of getting the ideal toilet to people do you deprive them of the first choice of accessing a safer sanitation rather than safe or completely safe sanitation that will be the issue that will be with us again the role of the informal sector all these toilets are being built by masons, by labor but not by formal companies not by formal businesses it's being done locally as local as you can get now they're simply not recognized in any format I think there are now some training human resource capacity building exercises but that's for more officials and implementers but those who are actually building they don't seem to be getting any help and this is the question that remains so when SEI puts up its framework and leaves out the legal framework you talk about institutions, social frameworks, technical frameworks but the legal framework is crucial in the Indian context because the key driver for sanitation is still the abolition of manual scavenging people going down manuals, people going down to pit toilets they're booming it manually so the question is even with the twin pit if we do not have a legal framework and a standard to say when is it shit and when is it manure we don't have a definition so far I haven't read any definition anywhere which suggests that when is it that you so is this a biological construct we talk about hookworms, protozoa or bacteria is it a social construct when you see human waste as shit and therefore untouchable because the untouchability in the cast comes from a social construct it doesn't come from a biological construct or a physical construct as to where it's arriving from how do we encompass all three because if we want to make nutrient recovery and application as manure unless we address these cultural, social, biological and physical aspects of human waste I don't think we'll be progressing very far I think that's all about I had to share Snapshot Thank you very much Yes I think we have the Indian chapter on the Susanna website I think that's important guidance help us that these things are thought there I had a feedback that every school has a toilet means every school has now a plan to have a toilet It's a completed toilet It's a completed one That's online hourly updated That's really great and good news Questions Comments please Is there a second mic we can move around? There's the second mic Thanks I'm really curious to follow up on your comment about that you think these toilets are going to be put in to place and then down the road go whoops we need to replace it My first training that I provided in India was in 2004 and I was toured around to all of these UNICEF constructed and other organizations constructed toilets were being used for other purposes and so to echo comments earlier about the 80s were the decade of water and now is this the decade of sanitation with the risk of exactly the same sort of things cycling through curious on your comments And what we might do to maybe the next two questions Kim Anderson My question is I visit one of these government projects in India it's interesting how these system are often built just next to to water wells in the villages I felt that there was no like understanding about the risk of I mean before the people went out to the field to defecate but actually now they're defecating in the village being flushed down the material and there they have to take their water just next to it actually they can create new health hazards if you don't have that notion and that understanding I think You comment? I think the sub-optimality question is what I think we're condemned to that I don't think we have the skill set or the speed because the targets demanded by the Prime Minister and by the government of India is driving us to count numbers irrespective of whatever happens so you're going to count that first and you're going to take it off and say okay this is got constructed and then you'll worry about how to retrofit it and how to make it cleaner but will there be money's available, will there be subsidies available for that that'll be a question mark the question of groundwater contamination 85% of India's rural population gets drinking water from groundwater and you're building twin pit toilets and especially in high water table areas it's a huge challenge Is anything being done about that? Nothing I think we could go on long but I would like to warn you that you have no gap after this session and we dive into the emergency session I think it's the appropriate title which will lead us into the coffee break we've added another 15 minutes delay and then you have a coffee break and then we'll talk about school sanitation so I would suggest that you take your questions until the coffee break at least but thanks again very much we have the thematic discussions and you're the one helping us with that yes I think the chair of the next session is Arno Kuever and it's Sanitation in Emergencies the floor is yours okay good afternoon everyone I think we can start okay my name is Arno Kuever, Maltese International and a member of German Wash Network sharing this session with Winnie Adam who also will co-chair this session on the emergency sanitation in emergencies which is quite a topic that got a lot of attention recent years and if we look at the issues that are at stake at the moment is that there is really a changing environment in which we have to work there are massive needs also in the Middle East there are different and other approaches to how to work and in the agenda of today we have tried to reflect that a little bit that there will be a kind of update or new innovative actions mentioned in this section on the outline of the compendium on sanitation and vehicles management in emergencies there will be a presentation on sanitation for millions also just showing more or less the magnitude of the issue at stake and then we will talk in detail on Susanna and the regional chapter in the Middle East and then Winnie will present a topic on sustainability assessment of productive sanitation a case study from South Darfur and in the end I will give a brief presentation on market based programming in the wash sector which is also a kind of new emerging sector so I would like to invite Tilo to start with a presentation on sanitation and vehicles management options in emergencies the outline of the compendium thank you thank you Arno and I think I'll be able to make up a little bit of time because I will be speaking with a quite short intervention I have to say that I'm speaking not on behalf of myself but on behalf of Robert Genschen our team who's leading on this from the German toilet organization side and Amy Jennings who's leading on this from the border side there's an initiative this is part of a project that we have financed by our Office of Germany to engage in wash in the humanitarian field this is part of the German national strategy making wash is one of their focal areas of intervention for humanitarian aid and this is part of their implementation of this strategy and a focal point of that is capacity building and knowledge sharing so in the predecessor project that we had there was basically a training course wash in emergencies that we're still carrying out in Germany and in different regions of the world and basically there was a by-product from this course because we compiled information on fecal sludge management in emergencies and it just turned up to be a product that was so great that the ministry then said well in the next phase you should please try to turn this into something greater and I guess it was found that no is always a difficult word there was very little sort of information on no I guess coherent up-to-date compilation of existing or emergency sanitation options for emergency settings and the existing publications that we have normally or to a very limited extent focus on the entire service chain so the idea now is to create an expert peer-reviewed overview of the existing options and also looking specifically at fecal sludge management options in emergencies covering the whole sanitation service chain so it's very doing this of course for the very different range of scenarios that you might have in different types of emergencies and so we approached EAVAC because the idea sort of formed that it would be very nice to basically have a counterpart to the compendium on sanitation systems and technologies for the emergency context so the next steps that have been undertaken is that an advisory board an advisory group has been assembled just the way that we've been embraced or this idea has been embraced by different actors really seems to show how much people feel that this is a piece of work that needs to be done there will be a kickoff meeting here in Stockholm which I think takes place in a room of people and we have 17 already but we'll fit and at the same time even if we have those sort of limitations do approach me if you feel that this is something that you would like to be engaged with also the first draft the goal right now is to present it at the FSM 4 in next February and we see who's been such a close and good sounding board for the piece of work that Eavak has done for the developmental context we feel it's essential to have and very useful to have Susanna play that critical role for this publication ideally if everything goes to plan we'll be able to launch this in a year's time so I think a very specific concrete piece of work that Susanna has a critical role to play in and that I think the working group that Arno, Jan Spitt and Stefan Simon those are the three, no who's this? AJ Paul from Weltunga he is the lead a critical piece of work that I think that working group will also be engaging with its members to work on now everyone's aware that the SSWM toolbox by SAVAS does a great job of delivering tools available online so the and Michael Kopak will speak in a second about sort of the work that we're doing together on this but the ideal scenario would be that later all these tools would then be made available by them also so them taking that work one step further thereby making it available online. The advisory group just to run a few names by we have people from the Red Cross ECHO different universities Quasulonatal we have UNESCO IHE, UNICEF we have the Global Wash Cluster Leads, Oxfam, ACF the list continues so it's a great thing I think that we're embarking on and like I said this is basically the hasn't really started yet this paper outside for anyone who's interested it outlines it there and yeah please do approach me or do approach the others I just mentioned looking forward to working with you on this. Thank you. Thank you very much for the presentation and I think it's a great thing that we have now a specific version for emergency from the compodium and if there is anybody have any question? Hi sorry right at the back I'm from Oxfam we're going to be talking about this in a few presentations time around market based programming but I think it would be very interesting to see when you're drafting this compendium how you potentially look at integrating market based programming and understanding local market systems when emergencies happen and how you integrate whatever sanitation service response with those systems as well instead of just looking at stand alone solutions Thank you Thank you for that question I think you'll find another flyer outside that's laying right next to this one that then talks about that specific session that we're doing and I think you'll find that many of the actors involved in this are also involved in that so I think the difficulty will be the challenge of juggling it in a way that it doesn't become so complex that the tool can later not really be used because there's oversight in using it but you're absolutely right I think Arna will speak about sort of the shift that's taking place in the humanitarian field that development actors should be aware of that has to do specifically with markets so like I said I'll leave it there because I think Michael will speak to sort of their role in this as well Any other question or we go to the next presenter Sanitation for Millions Access to Sanitation in Countries Facing Large Migration by Danila Yes I'm Danila I'm Danila in that Yes Danila is excusing herself she has another high level meeting and now we know what she's going to do but she asked me to jump in so I haven't seen the slides but I know the idea Yes sustainable wash services in the context of fight and migration, Sanitation for Millions it's actually taking out what the wish winners were saying you can discuss what's the ideal solution and go on discussing but there might be an urgent need and there's a need as well especially in the emergency context and the German Ministry is trying to go into that direction and to see that actually what can we do and that's actually the main idea around this and it picks on the human right to Sanitation it picks on the big need it picks on the international attention is shifting there's more conflicts and violence there are more refugees displaced people and there are as well many of those in the countries where the German Development Corporation is active often we have host communities which already have difficulties to provide services to the people which live there and then they might have double the inhabitants suddenly so to think about what could be the infrastructure they have is a no regret measure so let's start thinking about that and really bringing access to people basic services I think that's where we are going yes and that's that's why there's a conceptualization of a Sanitation for Millions program and it tends to start it has sort of the starting funds from the ministry and but it as well wants to show how it works and then invite others to join well it goes towards Sanitation Hygiene Promotion in Schools provision of public sanitation services sustainable sanitation management and then as well that mobilizing additional finance to really follow Vishwanath's advice act now and become better than it's a tricky thing because we are always saying that we shouldn't build something that actually contributes to the problem we should build something that is sustainable so it's exactly in that sort of in that area but yes we'll do an attempt yes I think I more or less set that sentence already so I think I know the idea the main objective of the program is to improve the water sanitation hygiene situation and also to improve the sustainability of the communities and the communities of refugees through improved sanitation facilities and the maintenance background is easy there because as German technical cooperation often works with utilities often works close to the ministries often works with host communities so to come from that point and then if there ever ever community has that's it it seems so thank you thank you Arne any questions or feedback I think the focus of the program having on something so I think the focus of the program on public places and schools is really I think a key thing because often in host communities that's where problems also are so I think that is a very good linkage between development and emergencies any questions or any feedback related to the presentation Maren from Borda, hi maybe just remark that it gives us a great mandate to not only work in the camps but also work in the host communities and I think this is a huge opportunity to expand services and get different ways to implement yes I think the humanitarian aid is not with the ministry of development cooperation but to improve the infrastructure in host communities so that's why this is the starting point okay I think we can cover some time any other further questions if not then we can move to the next presentation as currently one of the areas in the world where a lot of emergencies are going on and humanitarian work is the Middle East so we have a presentation now related to Susanna regional chapter Middle East on how Susanna can contribute in that context so Michael Kropak please Hello my name is Michael Kropak the microphone is working okay I'm from Cevas and I'm happy to be here with you Michael Tilo told us a bit about what he wants to do because I also can only tell you what we want to do or what we in the process of doing so I don't have any results so if you have questions fine but maybe I don't know the answer yet yes we all know that the Middle East is the most water scarce region in the world and this one is going now on for five years and we have by now nearly five million people which are displaced or refugees in different countries or internally in Syria so we have here a huge issue and a huge problem also when you talk about water and sanitation providing for those people in those countries now if you look at the Susanna partner map in the Middle East there are only three little dots so I think there is some room for improvement to actually do in this region because we need more capacities we need more people we need more local organizations here that can really tackle the problem and can bring actually the whole idea of sustainability into the field of sanitation and water management management so that's a bit the starting point what we want to do in our program the say was Middle East program we can say in the broad sense we have three things that we want to do or we are in the process of doing the one thing is really trainings in sustainable sanitation water management in regard to humanitarian crisis and the other one is what we really want to develop is an ecosystem of businesses of NGOs of new startups that are actually working in this field that can offer solutions to the government to other to the people to the host communities so we have there really a model that we can tackle the situation in this area now very important for us is what we really want to do is also to create a whole network of people of organizations that are working on the same issue and that's why we want to create the Susanna regional chapter for the Middle East maybe just a small word to the toolbox Tilo was mentioning what we are working on right now we are not inventing anything new what the toolbox really is is the compilation of existing material that is being written right now and put it online we are currently calling it sustainable sanitation water management toolbox for humanitarian crisis with a reason we don't want to put it really as an emergency sanitation because then we sort of end up a lot of people thinking about the camps but when we go to the Middle East we see big big issue is really the host communities rural host communities in Lebanon or Lebanon those small or also bigger cities they have doubled quadrupled in size and here we have a big issue with providing sanitation to the people and also when you talk about camps what we have for example in Palestine we have camps which are 40 years old or 50 years old and the situation is different it's not just immediate response it's really a bit more broader and in the long term view so we can really tackle those issues so this is work in progress and we're working on that to really compile a way that the practitioners in the Middle East can really use that as a starting point to work in their different contexts very important for us what we want to do is we've seen there is lots of material in English but very little in Arabic especially on sustainable sanitation and here we're working on really translating all those documents also in Arabic also people which might not be so well aware of English have the tools and the knowledge to work on those issues again about trying to build up this ecosystem of new businesses start-ups I mean we have been running the start-up course for example in Palestine last year and there is a tremendous amount of young people which are really motivated which want to change their countries which have ideas to really come into the sector show solutions in Palestine for example lots of IT solutions apps which you can all use for managing water resources for example and what we're doing we are running those programs in Palestine Jordan and Lebanon the next three years we will start Palestine this year actually next month so if you know anyone who wants to participate contact me later now to the regional chapter I think what we really want to create is a similar situation as with the Indian chapter but I did realize we do have a bit of work ahead of us because I think what we first need to do is of course also to bring together some more partners help help others to grow start-ups and other businesses to really get the food into the whole scene and bring them closer to Susanna so we work on the library in for materials in Arabic and English training materials an event board discussion series which we are also planning to do in Arabic just to bring also the practitioners a bit closer to the whole idea what we stand for and of course partner profiles and a project database we have already started with that work our first work is this one you all know it it's the airwalk compendium but now in a different language we have a small little army in Egypt which is still busy with translating so on Wednesday it should be finished so let's get my fingers crossed that we can actually have a mini launch of the book next Wednesday at half past four come to the Swiss water partnership booth to celebrate the printing version will be then issued the Arab water week later the beginning of next year what we are also working with with other different partners of course from Susanna Tilo mentioned with the German wash network and with border as well all those materials that are being presented and that have been that Tilo has presented we want to of course also include in that so we have a really good base and especially translated as well to Arabic so it is really accessible for people and practitioners on the ground in the area so the problems there can be tackled also from local side however when we talk about the regional chapter of course this doesn't work just with us we really need your help so I'd be really happy if you could come to me afterwards or any other time and tell me a bit more about what are you doing in the region so we can really find out who is really active what are you doing there maybe you have some great ideas about the resources especially in Arabic we don't have that much yet so if you have good resources on sustainable sanitation water management please tell us and of course if you know more local partners or you run trainings in the region as well it'd be great if we could meet up so we can see how we can jointly form this regional chapter in the next couple of years so contact me or actually responsible for everything is Lillian but she will only be here tomorrow so yeah that's it thank you Michael any questions or feedback I think the focus what you're mentioning on the kind of humanitarian situation rather than talking about emergencies is very appropriate for contacts like the Middle East and elements of having a kind of a market approach like with startups also give some perspectives for people in the region and I can see that having translations into Arabic is also very essential in order to have a more direct contact between the technicians and the people involved in humanitarian work any questions or feedback related yeah as I'm here also for basically for the Red Cross the Red Cross my question is to what extent do you have contacts with all the humanitarian organizations in the region which are now heavily involved in wash programs yeah no we are right now we mainly working in Jordan Lebanon and in Iraq and there we are contacting or are in contact with those organizations already so that is work in progress but it's in progress also Sudan is not in the Middle East I am from Sudan that's why it wasn't in the sorry about that no it's okay Manfred Schnitzer from Germany just a quick question are you in contact with the Arab Water Operators Association which one oh yes yes yes we are they are even in our steering committee hello Lauren Ke from UNICEF how are you coordinating this with the global wash cluster who also has some training material and quite a bit of information and in terms of partnership might also be a good way to get in touch with humanitarian actors in the region thank you that was a comment right or a question? yeah yeah fine okay thank you very much Michael then we let's now move to the next presentation that is from Vinny Adam on sustainability assessment of productive sanitation in emergencies a case study from South Darfur so I am presenting my thesis I recently graduated in last April from UNESCO IHG my supervisor Damir and my mentor was Dr. Mariska so my research objective was investigating feasibility of productive sanitation in South Darfur emergency settlements basically I was focusing in CAS and Otage camps they are based on South Darfur my specific question was to review the literature see what is happening in emergency in terms of productive sanitation technologies and their management scheme then identify possible option for Darfur after investigating what is happening currently in South Darfur in terms of sanitation provision and services what I did basically on the field after the first thing I reviewed the literature then afterwards I went to the field I did some social and technical data collection some focus group discussion with local CVOs and some data collection to quantify and to know to which extent the pollution of grey water and black water so in terms of the I was mainly focusing on the quality of the sanitation services so and this was the public sanitation service in CAS basically in my opinion it was like a lot of effort is being made but at the same time the maintenance of the sanitation service is really bad because of the CVOs or mismanagement of the sanitation facilities also in terms of household sanitation these pictures are from Otashka that the sanitation service is not well maintained even in household level and also there was a lot of grey water stream which is coming to the bitlaterines and which make the bitlaterines are filling up more quickly than they are and even in the best case scenario when the latrines are full I mean the dump side this is how it looked like it should be a controlled dump side and on the other hand from the simple bitlaterines when the slab is mobilized usually slab is not mobilized and then the people are returning again back to unimproved sanitation the other thing I did is to try dry sanitation there using the same local material from the place to see whether my first objective of the experiment is to see whether the people will how they will handle the UD toilet or whether it's also reproducible there with really basic things so this is a contingency slab from the NGOs there working there and I just make this addition to make it as a UD and I put some some collection stuff to collect the Exrita and quantify how much it is I collected each stream and measured everything and also I make analysis for the Exrita so to see what is biological demand and COD of the Exrita and other stream that I was looking at is the grey water I collected grey water from three different streams shower and bath, shower, kitchen and laundry to see which of them and to which extent they are polluted other thing I did is to do an experiment with the household level with a simple constructed wetland brief app in order to see with the community whether they will continue because what I got from people in the focus group discussion was really positive result like all of them they were broad resource recovery and they want to get anything which will help them to get more income to themselves so I was thinking ok let's maybe try this or reality so I did one experiment with the people to see whether they grew or they will take care of the system and what they will do with the water as such I didn't make any analysis for this but it was just basic experiment to study how people will react with the system another experiment I made with the making biochar also was really with the basic material I just take the Xreta I put it in the sun until it all degraded afterwards I mix it with the with the coal powder and then I let it dry very convention with the sun and then just to use it at the household to see whether if the people would be able to drink for example a tea made of this biochar and it works it works the only thing it works so I think the opportunities with this is I think it's the main thing I was focusing is this is a product and it's an income generating activity I think this is the best opportunities for productive sanitation in order to work there and also to reduce public health risk this would be from the prospect for example from the NGO or the WHO there because they're also complaining about groundwater contamination based from simple bit latrines and also for prolonging the latrine life cycle I think this is very interesting even to the household themselves because everybody's complaining about that they have to change they're there for 13 years and they have to change the bit latrine the time and the space is quite limited and also there is another chance opportunity for productive sanitation is to fill the gaps like the transition from relief recovery phase to development because until now these camps they are considered in relief phase somehow and they cannot jump into recovery so I think also this is a chance for productive sanitation that it could fill this gap that if the people get income opportunity then by themselves they will go from the relief phase to people who are producing things the challenges I think the very low technical capacity of the state and the IDB community is highly dependent on aid they're always using supply led approach and the people are really dependent on they have to get something all the time the lack of awareness regarding the health risk will make it really conservative system in order to fill these so we won't create another problem other thing is the community participation sometimes even in the working of the NGOs there sometimes it's very good, sometimes it's very limited according to the to the material or the designs that people use for constructing simple bit latrines for example some people use a plastic sheet other people use a local material then you get more involvement from the community in a local material to construct the latrine what is next for me was to tell the sector about what I did there and this is their feedback from the washcluster about what they think about productive sanitation or if they want to go forward with this thing and I think they were really positive and this would give me more initiative, more carry to look forward and to do more extra stuff, thank you thank you Winnie for these examples from a kind of prolonged humanitarian situation and examples on how to do productive sanitation any questions or feedback thank you congratulations I've been doing something similar in Kenya for the last two years and that was really hard work I was just wondering your findings and your models and circumstances are very similar to what Sanivation in Kenya is working closely with the CDC to make sure from epidemiological point of view when they're looking at things like biochar they are actually getting reduced pathogens have you collaborated with Sanivation have you been looking at the work they've been doing did they come and see the work you've been doing they gave me the recipe for the biochar excellent I love the terminology they're working really high tech for me I mean because I was doing just MSc studies so I work everything like very conventional just put the thing from the concept I mean just I took the concept and I do with it but they're doing everything with machines because it's a production there sorry but for anybody that doesn't know in the room they didn't start with machines they're starting they're now at machines because they're scaling from an urban wash perspective and fix habitats but they started in camps with solar and something was constructed from what they could find on the ground to make it work so bringing that forward to the wash cluster as well I think it's very important not just to them but that compendium that's been written okay thank you any other questions hi I'm Rolando from CRS I just want to hear a little bit more what are the next steps outside Darfur if you have if you're going to try this this you said that you presented for the global wash cluster or the the cluster in the national but has this experience in a way come out out of Sudan to other countries I'm trying to make it out in Sudan firstly I don't know because I think no but the thing is because if when I look at the literature I mean the situation of the emergency Sudan is very far really far you know so if I'm looking to do something outside Sudan they would be more advanced than this because already there are productive sanitation somewhere else you know but we don't have part of the simple bitladrin and VIPs the entire sanitation there in the camps okay thank you so we go now to the last presentation of this session on emergencies that I will present is very brief on the topic of market-based programming in the wash sector you can see this presentation more or less as an introduction because there will be two sessions later in the week dealing with this topic as you can see it's although it's a relatively new topic for the wash sector market-based approaches are already applied also in the wash sector but mainly also in many other sectors like the food sector in particular in the areas and one can see that that especially for the wash sector there is really a need for capacity building for those who are not yet familiar with this kind of approach and experience sharing for those already involved in market-based wash approaches and we will have a session during World Water Week on opportunities market-based programming to address humanitarian wash needs and then after that also a follow-up session by Working Group 8 so this first session that will be on Monday during World Water Week 2016 and then the Working Group 8 session will be on Tuesday so there will be two opportunities to go a little bit more in detail on this topic so that's why it's only just a introduction to this sector in fact one can see that the expected benefits of working through existing market system is in the humanitarian context includes speed, efficiency and effectiveness rather than having like in kind distributions as was often the case before if you can work with and through local markets it can in many cases speed up also delivery and that is also additional advantage is also that it can result into increased beneficiary dignity and choice because they can themselves look at what kind of items they need and they are not just forced to take certain items that they are not really needing that much so we can see the humanitarian landscape is changing before more also you had this distribution in kind and now these options of market based approaches are coming there and then but we have to be careful that if you look at the wash sector that it's different if you have let's say distributions or you have cash distributions for food or voucher systems and people use it for food items because then they cannot go much wrong with buying a sack of rice but if you have to buy or arrange for wash related services then also a kind of competency or skills are involved and one need to assure that if one has voucher or cash based activities in the wash sector that this activity that activities are implemented in a way that the complexity of the wash sector is addressed and if you look at market based activities so it's not only cash transfers and voucher system but also it often start with a sound market analyzes that is required and many humanitarian activities also they focus or they have activities related to strengthening local markets so there is there are many different options to look at it and as I mentioned before the multi-purpose cash programs they really can break down sector boundaries so there is really a risk for a general approach that also insufficient wash expertise is there when we are implementing wash related activities so if we give cash to people with the idea of doing certain wash related activities that is not covered then there is a risk for that then market based programming has a tremendous possibility scope for a link between development and humanitarian sector because already in the development sector more and more of this market based approaches are being implemented and so one can learn also a lot from the development sector and we have seen also earlier today that a lot of emergencies actually they can take they can last for a very long time so then they move from emergency to a kind of longer semi development situation so there also the link if we can link up between development and humanitarian sector is in advantage in that sense also for the market based approaches so my presentation as I said is an introduction to the two programs that will be presented on Monday and Tuesday first on the World Water Week on Monday and then again also and the Suzana Working Group 8 session on Tuesday so that was a brief presentation thank you there's any questions or feedback we need the other thank you for this presentation and looking forward the other questions during this week one question on the multi-purpose cash programs so we saw that following the World Humanitarian Summit this is actually something that's being pushed within the humanitarian sector and if you mention here it's a risk how what advocacy do you see is needed and how do you plan to do that because we don't want to miss the boat if we consider that in terms of quality issues or monitoring of access to wash services in replacement of hygiene kit distribution for example then we have to make sure that in the messaging that is being shared at the overall humanitarian sector level it's recognized so what activities are planned in terms of advocacy towards more general groups who might be pushing for these multi-purpose cash which have tremendous benefits but for our wash sector it also represents as you mentioned some risks I think probably the biggest role is for the wash clusters doing the emergencies itself because they also they are coordinating in the more general clusters overall cluster meetings that if we have any activities supporting like say grants or vouchers or cash transfers more kind of multi-purpose or multi-sector that if we have activities that are covering also wash related activities like the hygiene kits or other lathe construction that is component of what exactly needs to be in a kit to have the minimum let's say professional or sufficient kit are covered or for sanitation lathe construction also that minimum design criteria are adopted or that at least the provision that is available via the market-based approach covers sufficiently the minimum technical standards that need to be adopted so I can see that wash cluster probably in the initial emergency setup need to discuss that with the other sectors any other questions or feedback then if not then I think there is a coffee break time now we are nearly in time coffee break until is it 4.30? We are ready for the last session I just have two announcements please everybody so we have an evaluation sheet for the Susanna meeting I will just pass it around and it would be great if you just fill in and return it to me or to Doreen or Cecilia and we will pick it up so I just give it here in this direction and in my other hand I have this participants list so please everybody who has not signed it yet please sign this list and I pass it to my speakers I pass it to the second group and now I am happy to hand over to Belinda and to Hanna who will share the session on behaviour change in hygiene so thank you good afternoon this is the last session so I can imagine the energy levels are getting a bit lower but I think it is quite exciting I will say two launches one big one of course is the launch of the the group hand washing school's compendium facilities compendium that is a big one which will be presented jointly with UNICEF and GIZ a second one which is related to behaviour change and I think there has been quite a lot of activity on the forum about establishing a new working group and presentations which are highlighting in different forms and fashion the importance of behaviour change we all talk about it but what is the changes we need to make sure that behaviour and social norm issues and so forth get incorporated in programs so we are not only talking about facilities and then after that Hanna will from public partnerships for hand washing will basically tie it all together and have some questions for us now the way we would like the session to go is we will have two presenters and then we have questions after that and we have some sort of a little bit of an overall question we would like all of you to reflect on and I do have some cards because we may not have you may have some thoughts and maybe not it is late in the day and think to yourself I don't want to put the to say anything now please put them in the cards because we would like really the discussion and thoughts and ideas forward and there is probably things that you are thinking about put them on the card maybe that is something that we can continue with on the Susanna forum so great so without further ado I would like to introduce the first presenter which is my colleague Laura and Laura will be launching with Hanna the group and Bella so all together the group hand washing facilities companion my name I have the special thing so my name is I work in UNICEF in the wash section in headquarters in New York and I'm here today with our colleagues from GIZ to launch the companion on scaling up group hand washing in schools do you want to introduce yourselves before we go further my name is Hanna I'm working with GIZ and I'm excited to have that this is happening as a sector program we are sort of helping Bella Bella is doing the fit for school approach in Asia we are as well tasked with making it available globally I think it's a big success story with a three star approach and a fit for school approach one of the items which really is seems to to be a breakthrough at the moment is the group hand washing and that's a very practical thing to describe this here and to get experiences together and as in other cases Susanna is seen as a point where this can be further discussed and worked on so Susanna has a role to play here so I'm very happy that we can be brought together and more details maybe Bella and then Laura maybe just briefly the companion on group hand washing facility is addressed the huge questions all over how to make hand washing possible in schools and there were so many people interested in programs and even government partners interested to see what are good examples for group hand washing in schools so this is an initiative which collected examples of group hand washing facilities and you will see group hand washing facilities let's say from 10 euro to 2000 euro each hand washing facility to the very different ones and according to the local conditions government partners and development partners can look what fits to their environment and I think this will also it will very much help to get people interested and also show what are simple ways to improve hygiene behavior you talk with some more detail yes so as Bella was mentioning this is a collection of examples that come from a number of countries so as you can see we have a list of contributing countries who have participated in this effort and that will help that helped us collect a variety of examples that we can then share with other countries so that each can can find something that might be useful for them but without going into this level of detail the first thing we should mention is that this new compendium is actually very much related to the three star approach most of you will know the field guide on the three star approach which is an approach that shows that washing schools can be simple, scalable and sustainable and that without it shifts from looking at the hardware the building expensive hardware and using material it's cool to something that you look where you are and you do what you can do with the situation that you have locally and you then scale up as you move forward along the level that you can so what happens when we looked at the group handwashing is that this is part of the first star the first star is the really the one of the first things that you can do as part of a washing school program is to install daily routines to promote healthy habits and the first one that we mentioned as a healthy habit is the daily supervised group handwashing with soap normally before the school meal now that's being said we had questions from practitioners who asked but then how do we do this what does that mean for us give us some more examples some more support on what we can do at our level as a school to really promote this healthy habit so it came the request came from practitioners who asked us for a range of options and so that they can really implement this really first basic step that is described in the three star approach so this is where we started working with our colleagues to collect and go around different countries and collect what are you guys doing so here are pictures and also designs of examples of handwashing handwashing facilities you can see that we have variety of options Indonesia for example here has an option that is more on the higher end it costs a thousand dollars it's not nothing but it requires running water and it works for 30 students so this is quite already ambitious and it's maybe the most high end we have in our compendium but then we have we will see in the next pictures we have something here from Nigeria which is much more simple no running water the water comes it's a tippy top system the water is in a bottle students bring with them in the morning and this costs around twenty dollars it's for eight students it's built with local material and as you can see the range is pretty large so what we did in this compendium in addition to collecting examples is also to give designs give budgets give the BOQs give a scale on how easy it is to set up and also describe the maintenance and the operation of the systems so for each example this is what it looks like we have a picture but we have the design structure details the scale from how easy to difficult it is to build, to install and to maintain the budget here with the quantities and some the different expenses between the material and the the how do you say the the work who does the work, how much might it cost so you have examples of these from a dozen countries my presentation is extremely short the launch is a happy moment when all this comes together Tilo, we wish you'll be there next year with your compendium because it represents a lot of work and collaboration with partners but we're happy to bring this together and not only to you but more specifically to the practitioners, to the schools so that we can, when you hear that we have examples here that you can use Bella, do you want to set it perfectly so there it is, we are happy so then we go on to the next presentation let's see what we'll do is, if you don't mind we're just gonna, because the two are connected and because of time we're gonna do Bella's together and then we'll give time for the question please just, you'll be the no you won't, okay, because I'll pick you on first, yeah, okay, great or this one yes yes I will briefly and very short speak exactly about how to do hand washing and hygiene habits in the school and in the school environment and as we have seen before of course you need hardware, you need infrastructure but that's not the end you also need the software let's see first very briefly, this is fit for school, this is a program of GIZ, supporting governments to introduce or to improve wash in schools and you can briefly see in this how is that, in this slide what is exactly being done it's about these hygiene activities but you need infrastructure and materials and you need also the collaboration with the stakeholders and at the core is school-based management to get it really running and moving so this will give a little bit of the idea what the program is about, it's not just about the activities, the activities would never work without infrastructure and without the collaboration and the management group hand washing is really something in school that eliminates barriers by imposing an activity when we come to hygiene activities or when we come to hygiene behavior normally you have a chance you can decide, are you doing it or not but group hand washing doesn't leave the choice you have to do it if you want or not so this is something which needs of course to be done, you need a stable context in the school routine it would never work without any stable context and if you have, in order to get that stable context you would really need to bring in other players and these are all players from the education sector these are not players from the wash sector and that's also where we as wash people our hands are tight because we need to work with the school sector if you look at hygiene habits there are three things to look at one is the automaticity of the behavior the frequency and the context and all of that is being addressed in a way by group hand washing activities in the school if you look at the stages of washing schools interventions normally people look at that first one knowledge, they speak about health education and there is a distribution of IEC materials and we speak about curriculum development when you go further you perhaps introduce skills, skills based education and you look into irregular wash interventions in some sort of practice but to really go into habit formation you need to provide a stable context functioning facilities and really routine hygiene activities which is quite difficult very difficult and that is basically a management task within the education sector which means you need the school heads I don't need to go into all the details with respect to the time we have but you need a collaboration you need that the school head is really orchestrating wash in schools activities within his school or her school you need teachers to assure that they have a stable context so that they will really have a strict adherence to the daily activities will only work when you really do it every day and they have to assure that really the facilities are clean and that the program is really implemented regularly at the school you need the students also have a role to play they will be active they can take some leadership roles they are friends and colleagues to the group washing activities so it does not need that each and every step is done by the teachers children have a role to play but that also needs a very structured approach and the parents have to chip in because very often governments are not able to provide regular soap so that might be something where parents come in or even in the programs we are working really the parents build washing facilities so where is the role of the wash sector the role of the wash sector is really providing hardware and the construction of facilities and perhaps also training orientation on maintenance and minor repair which can be done by perhaps some experts in the community or people who are willing to support the school of course there is also the health sector so wash in schools is in the education sector but has interface to other sectors so water sanitation sector but also health sector so the health sector has the role to ensure water quality that is very much the task of the health sector but also orientation of teachers and parents and they have to provide that the approach is correct and go to the school to check that it's really done that's purely within the education sector and that's basically all you see here another picture of a group washing facility and you can see that's very simple and that's basically the hardware you need to go into hygiene behavior and that needs the software where the education sector is in the lead thank you very much we will start with questions and for me I actually say when we met I think first in 2011 or 2012 when you came to Cambodia and I was with UNICEF in Cambodia just the initial idea to move away from the thinking that it is we are talking about group hand wash facilities but it's the behavior it's that group hand washing behavior creating that social norm so that students feel left out when they're not washing hands at those key times and that is where the habits are formed I promise you a second Belinda knows me I'm very stubborn my reflection is now we have SDGs and SDGs is actually more than developing countries and so forth and targets and I think really wash and hand washing is laying sincerely very back in our countries in Sweden and in developing countries and we have big problems with hygiene and it's actually a very it's a big cost for society because we have parents that leave work to take care of their sick kids and whatever so when we had a flu something something when everyone was hand washing and did alcohol the population was suddenly all very healthy and working and productive and so forth so is this considered are there targets for our communities as well because I think we need it maybe answer directly within the SDGs there are specific indicators on washing schools and the availability of hand washing stations is part of that functional and clean hand washing stations so there's quite a shift now to really look more into clean and functional that was never there before and also availability of hand washing stations and in the expanded there are core questions and there are also expanded questions and in the expanded questions there's also the availability, question on the availability of group hand washing facilities and regular hygiene activities in school but that's only in the expanded questions and the core questions SDG4 within the education sector Yes, she's talking about it even in the developed context My question goes to you from our experience working in Uganda in six towns we realize that 80% of the schools don't have any kind of hand washing facilities 80 primary reason attributed is vandalism and theft Funny enough not by the students but by the parents Do you have any cases against this? Yes, this is something that's recognized in the compendium so it's not in each it's not in each example but in the introduction in the generic comments on how to use the guide one of the aspects that is mentioned is how to deal with theft and vandalism and one of the recommendations but there are a couple of them is to have it inside the school in a closed environment and in an area where there is regular people there and so there's not a solution that's fit for every context but yes it is recognized that's one of the issues and we give tips but then you need to include the context to be able to solve it Maybe just you can look at this one and you can see that there are no faucets because that was the first what was stolen always were the faucets so there are no faucets to be stolen and also in the beginning the pipes the metal pipes were being stolen but since the kids paint them now it's very difficult for the people to sell them because they're easily to be recognized so that has also decreased vandalism and the risk of being stolen that has really been addressed we exactly looked at that they cannot sell it anymore Thank you very much very interesting and this is about washing schools generally I know this is about group hand washing it's a great initiative mine is not really a question but maybe it's just providing some insight and to see how that could relate to this it's about understanding the organization recently particularly you had a slide about the leadership part of it being responsible for this and one group that we as an organization speak for what we had missed in terms of engagement in washing schools is the teachers association and building leadership at that level because we've come to understand how critical that association is actually in some countries they are so influential they work even as a cattle and sometimes work against the initiative of government and development partners in terms of putting facilities on ground and promoting this is there anywhere in the compendium to recognize so that washing school is not just the responsibility of the direct management at school level it's not just the means of education we expect to do some things and it's not just parents teachers association or school management committee how do we work with a larger you know group or platform that exists especially the teachers association and those who can actually hold the schools and school children to run some in some instances yeah perhaps directly to that the entire approach is very much on really institutionalizing wash in schools and that is currently much being done by looking what are the different stakeholders are really different in each countries very often the group which you refer to the teachers are well represented in the PTA parents teachers association but there might be other situations where it's really where the the teachers association is a strong player and I think the whole approach is very much on country level to look what are players who need to get on board to get wash in schools institutionalized and it's always an initiative which is anchored to the departments of education it's exactly not dropping hardware in front of the school and thinking the school will be able to manage it because that's what happens very often schools get it's terrible to see the graveyards of toilets on the school ground you see all the generations of toilets because it's much easier to build new toilets than either to rehabilitate or to maintain them it's also much easier with respect to administration of projects it's very easy to say okay 100 schools they all get a block of toilets and then you tender it out and then you get a company doing it give the key and let the principal sign but that will and then a few months later you go there and you just see the graveyards again so it's very much needed that wash in schools will really be anchored to the structure within the school and the school has to manage it it's a management task of different groups within the school and I think the teachers are very very important they're also not the one who have to pay for it because that's also what you see quite often that teachers then pay the cleaning materials all these things might happen and I think important to address them sorry for talking that long so we take the last one for this session there was also another question yeah I think what we're going to do is we'll get it back to you thank you, thank you for the presentation Rolando from CRS I think this is more applicable to the role of the wash sector that we need to provide infrastructure because without water for instance for hand washing in schools it doesn't work now one of the things that we need to think about in the wash sector is the role of social mobilization hygiene promotion which is important in order to get pupils but also the parents to get involved in this and I think that we need to become better in general not only for washing schools but in general in wash because the hygiene promotion many times comes under the construction the hard work and it's not as prioritized so I think that it's not a question, it's more a comment that we need to start working harder with the social mobilization aspects in the hygiene promotion in order to get better results not only in schools but in general in the wash sector something that really needs to be working on yeah and absolutely and I think this is what makes this session so important because it's actually looking at the establishment of a working group to start to look at what are the expertise required to actually focus on behavior change but I do want to reiterate again that the group hand wash facility is not about the facility but it's rather about the behavior creating the habits related to hand washing and then you have the community protecting it it becomes a social norm becomes a normal thing to do people wonder when it's disrupted then they want to make sure that it's running and working, as like school feeding programs and other things, people make sure they really stand behind them so next we've got Leif Silas you're next or am I correct here Silas is next and then we'll have Sarah's presentation as well and then we'll have a set of questions again and then Hannah will close with some interesting questions great, thank you you might need to use this as well okay thank you very much, my name is Silas I'm with the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council based in Geneva, Switzerland so I'm going to talk about menstrual hygiene management and specifically focusing on police and practice in South Asia and West Africa with an eye on of course behavior change, we're talking about behavior change so this slide is general about double ASC I'm sure most of the people in the room you know about the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council so our focus areas on menstrual hygiene management around research capacity building, police transformation and then collaboration and innovation so today I want to be able to talk to most of the four of these areas but I will specifically focus on capacity building and police transformation so these are some of the few key principles on our approach to menstrual hygiene management as the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council so we use MHM as an entry point to unlock multiple benefits for women and girls especially to facilitate the discussion on other taboo topics for vulnerable populations linked to wash so we actually systematically by systematically including ministries outside of washing countries and also ensuring a community approach so that we are not just talking about MHM in schools but we use it as an entry point to address a lot of other issues that are taboo topics in these communities so MHM is just an entry point to address most of these issues so these are some of our focus in different regions so in South Asia with India is our regional hub then in West Africa with Senegal where we have a very big program on MHM working with UN Women and then in South East Asia we are planning to have a regional hub in Cambodia and then of course in East Africa we have Kenya in Tanzania actually just three weeks ago MHM training workshops in Kenya with participants from other countries in the East Africa region so we have mental hygiene management at the sender just as an entry point to address a lot of other issues that are related to these sustainable development goals go number 4 number 5 number 6, 9, 10 and 17 and of course focusing on the female life cycle to create the sender of all our programming activities around mental hygiene management so this is our approach you call it the holistic approach so it's not just about distributing pads or just about talking about managing menstruation but it's a holistic approach the first step being breaking the silence because usually in most of the communities people don't talk about menstruation it's a taboo topic so we have to break the silence to get everyone to talk about menstruation which is the first step which I think is very important because even if you distribute a lot of pads but still you are just saying we are distributing these pads but how you are going to the disposal it's none of our business so by adopting this holistic approach we address all the other key elements in mental hygiene management then of course managing menstruation hygienically and also the third one which is safe reuse and disposal solutions so this is the sender of our approach the holistic approach to mental hygiene management and then of course we have got some tools that we have developed that we use for most of the training and also in breaking the silence as you can see this is one of the the menstrual wheel which really helps women and girls and also men to understand menstruation and then of course we have our the flip book the flip book which most of the trainers use also when they are conducting their training on mental hygiene management as well and then we have the MHM lab Convinus manual which provides like a step by step approach on how to deliver these trainings then of course we also have the Wash and Health Practitioners MHM training manual as well so these are some of the key tools that we use also including the bracelet this bracelet that we also use in breaking the silence so these are some of the key tools that we use in breaking the silence and also training on mental hygiene management and all these are available on our website on the WCC website so in terms of behavior change you know when we are breaking the silence getting everyone to talk about menstruation we are actually kind of changing the behaviors in our community so that people can be able to talk openly about menstruation which I think is the first step then of course we have this MHM lab or the MHM tent which is some safe space for women and girls to talk about menstruation openly where they can ask a lot of questions they can get some full understanding on the whole process they can also learn how to use these tools that they can go back and use in their communities to train others because our training workshops are training of the trainer we train people so that they can go back to their communities and train more people on mental hygiene management so the MHM lab and MHM tent is that safe space where they can actually address and talk about everything then of course the link to that is also the policy change which is our focus as well policy transformation we don't just talk about menstruation but we believe that we have to push for some of these issues to be included in policies and guidelines at a national level so this is a very good example from India this was a memorandum from Sanitation actually highlighting some of the changes in that policy so you can see some of the highlighted areas that it's not just about washing hands with the soap and water at critical times but also proper menstrual hygiene which is now included in the policy so the importance of getting menstrual hygiene management to be included in the policies is that it means we will now have some budgets being allocated for that as well as you can see from this policy change that the funds for IEC may now be used for menstrual hygiene management and number 2 it also gets included in monitoring systems which is very very very important as well so in India we worked with the ministry of drinking water and sanitation to get this this policy change which includes menstrual hygiene management then in Senegal we are also working with the ministry of hydraulics in Senegal to also get some of those changes in public policies in Senegal and other countries in West and Central Africa so that they can actually include menstruation in their they can include MHM in their existing policies for the purpose of you know having budgets to be allocated and also getting some plans on that and also having it included in monitoring systems within the country then of course in West and Central Africa we are working with the UN Women where we have a joint program on gender hygiene and sanitation in West and Central Africa so this program is aimed at changing policies and behaviors in the region to improve women and girls' human rights to water and sanitation so the focus is on changing policies and behaviors in West and Central Africa including Senegal, Cameroon Niger and also expanding to other countries in the region and working with the UN Women offices in those countries in the regional office which is based in Dhaka so we also delivered a lot of training of the trainer workshops in those countries and we've launched a platform which brings together all those trainers so that they can learn from each other and also sharing knowledge so this was launched last year and now we've got 130 training of trainers from five West and Central Africa countries represented in there so the platform is members not only from the Minister of from the Minister of Hydraulic but you also have education environment health, international organizations other NGOs civil society organizations, academia they are all part of this process and they all contribute to this platform with lots of documents and also some thematic discussions on areas that are relevant to the region so these trainers they also share a lot of information on what they are doing in their own communities and some of their policies so this is only in French it's only for the West and Central Africa region of course we have another platform that we've just built for India and East Africa which is mainly in English but we are using YAMA because also it has this capability to be able to provide some translations and also an online library of documents that they can use in their countries so in this regard these are some of our equality non-discrimination initiatives that were at the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council so in partnership with the Government of India I highlighted about the police change to support the SWAT Barak mission and also the joint program with the UN Women in Western Central Africa and we are also working on research the component on research working with the SHEC on social which is based at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine so we are addressing a lot of areas around women's sanitation in Hygiene in South Asia on some of these research pieces including some policy briefs that have been published and also some full articles that you can also find on the WCC website and these are some of the specific areas being addressed under the research portfolio including the human rights to sanitation in South Asia and also in West Africa we also have some case studies so in West Africa we did some case studies in Cameroon and Senegal some research in those two countries so what was very interesting, some highlights from that research is that in Senegal in the region called Kedugu we did some research in Kedugu so in Kedugu we actually found that 90% of the women who were interviewed they had undergone FGM 90% and also 36% of the girls rarely go to school during their menstruation period and also 64% of the girls said toilets are most common places for disposal due to lack of waste management systems so that's how they dispose of their paste that they are using so these are some of the highlights from these research pieces and then of course these are some of the images from our collaboration with the SCA which is a public private partnership that we have with SCA which is Edkota DN in Stockholm it's one of the largest hygiene products companies so we also work with them especially around the Volvo Ocean Race so these are some of the images from Cape Town we also had training on menstrual hygiene management and also in Sanya in China we also had another training on MHM as well so all these training materials are actually available in so many languages they are available in English they are available in Hindi they are available in French they are available in Mandarin as well, all these tools that we use for the training and of course after undergoing the training all the trainers, this is the pledge the pledge for girls and women that I will break the silence on menstruation, I will not feel shy I will take pride I will spread the word outside and inside the home so after undergoing this training this pledge will then give them these bracelets so when they commit that they are going to break the silence to at least 10 people in their families at school, in their workplaces they will talk about menstruation which is a very important step in changing the behaviors and of course as I highlighted this is a multi-stakeholder partnership WCCC which is a UN Board we are hosted by the United Nations in Geneva we work with a lot of people a lot of governments are involved academia and other UN agencies the private sector also contributing in other NGOs to breaking the silence around menstrual hygiene management thank you so I think we prepare for the next presentation Sarah is coming up thank you Silas for an excellent presentation I think what you have outlined is some of the leading to I guess the last question you know still in our sector we are not moving with behavior change what does it need, you have talked about policy having some sort of policy framework having tools having research I think one of the things we don't often know why people don't or do what they should be doing or we think they should do so research is actually a key on that and then the groups, the pledges these are the simple things that actually at the end create the movement for change so moving a little bit from not art it's still on behavior and I think I like this presentation a lot because it's a little bit on a different sector I believe it's on stoves sorry your's is on sanitation, sorry I was hoping there was someone to be on stoves and look it's another sector and how they're dealing with we have mostly looked at stoves with this program I was hoping to get a little bit more sanitation the reason is often times we're always in the wash sector talking about sanitation but how do other sectors deal with behavior change but maybe if you can leave that discussion I would love that, great thank you very much Sarah, the floor is for you ok so thank you for having me and I'm going to be talking about the behavior and choice initiative at SCI and I'll be talking about a case study looking at sanitation as well within this initiative so yeah we have actually been looking more so at cook stoves and we're starting to look now into other technologies so the focus has been on behavior choice and decision making and we've been focusing on the household level technologies at the household level and so there's a few other topics as well energy, mini grids in terms of cook stoves, one area where there's been some really interesting work at SCI is looking at service-based design so looking at throughout the journey of purchasing a cook stove, using a cook stove how you can try and find out more using a service-based design model so how does the user how are they actually using the technology so it's a bit more difficult to potentially apply with a toilet but maybe there's some ideas there so I'm going to be talking about a case study in Burkina Faso this is in a rural area so sanitation is a large challenge here and before I get into the case study I will also just mention that we've been doing a larger study looking at the use of ecological sanitation this was looking at latrines that had been built a few years ago to see how people were using them today and so we saw around 50% use and what's interesting is that women were using these toilets much less and I think that comes back to the issue on disaggregated data there is a difference an important difference and there's also actually the number one reason for using these toilets was actually for the fertilizer rather than for the health benefits so that's another interesting point from this study and actually since we've been talking about hand washing or the availability of hand washing with these toilets was about 10% so water and sanitation in many rural areas you actually see community based management as the dominant model and there's been a lot more research looking at community based management of water services rather than sanitation but actually we need to look a lot more at sanitation so we know that a few households with poor sanitation can have an important impact on the surrounding community and of course approaches like CLTS are actually taking advantage of collective action so they are trying to promote a community as a whole to change behaviors so we need to look more at understanding these underlying processes at a community level so I'm going to be talking about a case study and here's an example actually where we see a hygiene center so this is actually a rare example of community managed sanitation technology where urine is stored until the rainy season where it can be used and here we see one that's been transformed into a school so it's not being used for the original purpose so this case study looks at aspects of collective action in particular social capital and leadership social capital has been examined much more in other natural resource contexts for example in fisheries in irrigation systems management these social capital has been looked at and there's also been some research that says that you need something more than social capital to lead to collective action so one of these aspects might be leaders in a community who can activate existing levels of social capital so the study I'm going to talk about today was of interest because they have been successfully using ecological sanitation and they've been able to sustain use over a number of years talk about some of the main findings from this study so looking at aspects of social capital we saw that there was a high level of trust among community members so people practicing different religions were still supporting each other they were attending each other's functions an example here someone reported that when a family member was sick they received help from others in the community with agricultural work so mutual aid and high levels of trust another aspect of social capital is group membership so in this case study there was very high levels of group membership different types of associations so women's savings groups groups for vegetable cultivation and selling and there was also a group called the Kosanga Association that promoted the use of ecological sanitation and I think that this association has had a large role to play in establishing a norm of ecological sanitation in this community so rather than taboos with the reuse of human waste for agriculture we saw that people saw this technology as a positive addition to their lives and we also saw that the association played a role in enforcing this social norm of ecological sanitation by checking on latrines and looking to see whether people were using them and then we looked at the role in the community so there was there were traditional leaders that were mentioned and the community leader in particular had a really large role to play in bringing ecological sanitation to this community which I think is important he actually was able to attract external funding as well as technical support the leaders from the Kosanga Association who promote ecosystem in this community were also mentioned as leaders they seem to have had a large role in sustaining the use of ecosystem over a number of years so I'm not going to generalize from this case study but it does emphasize the importance of understanding aspects of collective action especially with the growing interest in applying these kind of approaches to promote sanitation and it's also important to understand the contextual information so like I mentioned this community was able to attract external funding and other aspects might be things like high levels of inequalities in a community so if you have high levels of inequality you might see that the collective action based approaches are less successful so that's all I wanted to share today and I'm forward to your comments and we're actually looking at building on CLTS approaches looking at some research to try and bring together certification steps that can combine productive sanitation and health risk management so we're going to look at some of these aspects and how we can implement them or conduct research relating to those topics so if you have any ideas then we'd welcome them so thank you thank you thank you an excellent presentation although it wasn't on the stoves it was equally very good on collective action and behavior change related to cook stoves at the office so you can walk around and you can pick some up actually but very interesting on some of the work that comes around collective action the trust and aspects so now we have a time for questions to both Silas and Sarah some questions good we got one lots okay so maybe I work my way kind of down so I start with you sir you've got your microphones both of you can share that Arno from Maltese International I have a question for Silas you mentioned that the key principle one of the key principles of the program is the community approach does that involve also work with men or is it with how do you involve men in the process of menstruation hygiene management and in the community level how do you involve men and do you at the school level do you involve also promote to involve the boys because we have a program in Uganda where we notice that if you also involve boys in the training at the school related to menstruation hygiene management that had a lot of benefits for the girls also for understanding okay thanks so much so our approach in everything that we do is always 50% 50% men and women so what we do even during our training workshops just a few weeks ago in Kenya we were doing an MHM training workshop it was 50-50 the number of workshop participants we always involve men it's very very key even for our MHM lab so the MHM lab only women and girls can go inside because it's a self-space for women and girls but we also have a table that will be outside the MHM tent where we have men who also gather there to go through the same process to learn more about menstruation and how they can break the silence so men are also very very key even this training one of our training this flu book so as part of the training also they will take them through this process of knowing the body parts of both the girls and boys even in schools so that they know all the body parts that girls and boys they are only the difference only comes when it comes to their reproductive part organs and we take them through the whole process about their first menstrual experience both boys and girls so everything is 50-50 so one of our key principles for organizing our training workshops if we are working with an institution in a country we always tell them that if we are going to train 50 people it has to be 25 25 thank you sorry Chad Brooken from Freeflow Consulting I'm just wondering where the product is coming from for I know the education is obviously at the forefront of the where is the product coming from and how can you make that affordable for local women okay so the water supply and sanitation collaborative council doesn't focus on products so we don't address products at all so for us we focus on breaking the silence on MHM and how they can safely manage menstrual hygiene and also on safe disposal and reuse so we equip the communities with the knowledge but about products which product to use it's up to them so we don't really focus on the products yeah my question is towards you Silas you mentioned in one of the slides safe disposal of the sanitary pads or if it is you what does safe disposal mean a second in your training do you also show them that the pads ending up in a pit actually has a huge influence on FSM you can't empty the pit after that so is that a part of your training also I mean if you're looking at that yes thank you so much it's also part of our training as well so as I highlighted with the knowledge like I can give you a very good example from Kenya two weeks ago when we're doing our training we had like a full day on safe disposal and reuse so what came out of the what we learned from that training is that we had some representatives from the Minister of Education who are saying in 2015 the distributed pads to 1.2 million girls in schools and they give about nine packs of pads which is like three per term for three terms in a year for 1.2 million girls but in most cases really the focus is not on the safe disposal they're just distributing pads and taking the box that we distributed pads to 1.2 million girls and so forth so one of the aim of our training workshop is actually to break the silence and expose ourselves as well so that they should be aware that you're distributing 1.2 million sorry, pads to 1.2 million girls how do they deal with the use pads that's a very important question that we also so normally during our training workshop we invite the authorities from the country from the Minister of Health the regulatory authorities and everyone to actually address this issue from other different organizations so that they can define for themselves what do we mean by safe disposal of course we will give a general definition but it's up to the country and the authorities how do they want to dispose that so our role really is to kind of break the silence around that area but then up to the stakeholders involved to have that discussion so we found that in most countries that discussion is not there it's not happening because people are just many cases focusing on distributing these pads including communities like I remember in Kenya most of the men who were there we asked them if they knew how they are how they are their daughters and their wives are how they are disposing of these used pads they said no they don't know you know they were like they said no I will not go and find out really how are they dealing with this issue so it's something that they are not really thinking about so we are kind of breaking that area so they can start thinking about that about the safe disposal of sanitary pads yes yeah it's okay no it's okay I'll pass okay hi Sarah Katie Whitehouse from Oxham just in response at the beginning of your presentation you said that you'd done this assessment of the cooking stoves and you said you didn't know if you've been in the toilet sector and that sounded really hard there are a number of organisations that are and really understand it very very well and if people want data like that it's out there a lot of the organisations that really have a lot of that data the ones that are building social enterprises where really understanding the user or in this case the consumer is key to get in that product value to convince people to spend a disposable income that might be so small on that product and service that they are valuing so that sort of stuff I'm actually talking about tomorrow in the working group too if anybody wants to hear more around that so I'm just putting that out there as a statement rather than a question reply to your question I have a question for you it's okay okay maybe can we very short so I'm a bit interested in how long time it took to mobilize the communities for EcoZan and how long the project has been because normally it takes time so you say I saw a slide that said you started in 2009 so how long was the process and how long is still the process because sometimes we got funds for one year and we would like to do EcoZan but it's very difficult because it needs a continuous support it's a bit complicated so the survey was looking at a much larger region where there's been a number of different types of ecological sanitation projects this particular case study they started the first implementation in around 2009 but they've also received additional grants to keep working on it so it's not it didn't start and then it's been a continuing process also being able to expand to some of the surrounding communities as well so yes there's no straight answer thank you hi everyone for those of you who don't know me, my name is Hannah Woodburn I'm the head of the Global Public Private Partnership for Handwashing we're based in Washington DC so Public Private Partnership for Handwashing so earlier this year we had a discussion on the Susanna Forum about the topic of how behavior change can be better engaged within Susanna and the network and so one of the kind of questions was where should behavior change be institutionalized within Susanna my organization does a lot of work around behavior change primarily around hygiene but as we've heard from Sarah and as you all know behavior change is important for wash writ large even though we often times talk about it in the context of hygiene from the discussion there were these various working groups that people proposed as options to be rational homes for behavior change within Susanna and they also included some of the comments I just want to point out group number nine was the one that received the most number of votes as this is where behavior change should live because of the topic of civil society engagement which we heard about earlier and the importance of really building community buy-in and often times behavior change does exist as behavior change communication so there was also discussion about the creation of a potentially new working group for behavior change which could potentially be behavior change in hygiene or just behavior change generally and this was some of the rationale that came up in the discussion that behavior change is cross cutting and so if it lives in a specific working group it might be neglected by other working groups that pulling it out and having it be its own working group could allow it to be have a higher place of priority within Susanna and then also just because Wash has focused so heavily on hardware that having a specific working group that address the software side could also help raise the profile of behavior change within Susanna so there's some pros and cons I'm not going to run through all of these because it is late in the day but I do think that it's a really worthwhile discussion that we have had and will hopefully continue to have I think that for me for what jumps out at me from these two lists is I do think that behavior change is cross cutting but then also there is this concern about you know if we create a working group for behavior change how many more working groups are we going to create and does that kind of dilute our initiative of raising awareness and you know creating a higher profile for the issue so if we were to create a new working group 13 for behavior change this was a brief description that some of us put together about what the working group could exist to do it would be built around three pillars that other working groups are focusing on knowledge research and learning networking collaboration and partnership so helping connect people who are working in behavior change in Wash and then also policy and advocacy in the concept know we developed we talked about the policy and advocacy focus not being only on governments but also advocating for behavior change amongst programs and policies that organizations are implementing so when you're doing a sanitation program that you're also including a behavior change component so you're not just installing hardware we have a draft concept out of a potential working group that has been drafted I have copies of it that I'll leave on the table outside if you want to take it in terms of next steps what we wanted to do in the session was have a discussion about what actions and strategies could be useful for this working group based on the presentations that we just turned as well as your own experiences I think that because we are over in time and it is so late in the day that it might be best to put this on the forum where we've had an ongoing conversation about this already so to that end I will post these slides and I think we can post the other slides from this presentation on the forum and then I think what I would propose as kind of next steps moving forward with behavior change within Susanna is to review the concept to contribute to the discussion on the forum and then hopefully from there we'll be able to articulate a solid way forward for integrating behavior change more holistically within Susanna did you want to take some reflections from the group now and then those we don't have time for do we have time for that I think it's fair enough it was a good presentation any one or two reflections particularly on what Hannah has presented and the discussion about what needs what could be possibly actions that the working group, proposed working group could form just one reflection on it perhaps we take one those that we don't take please can you put them on the cards because I'm sorry but we're going to start we take two reflections I'm fine okay all right so all right during the discussion on the STGs there was thought on waters everywhere it's cross cutting so but if it's everywhere it's nowhere so I should think that this is worthwhile having a specific working group I didn't really get what your point are you suggesting anything or are you just yourself triggering debate on it or what would you like to see I would like to see a working group for behavior change but I want I think it's a network decision that needs to be made okay I think that there are very different schools of thought at the moment around behavior change with how do you say sometimes presented as the only right way and in that sense having a behavior change group on a neutral sort of neutral platform let's not be too pretentious could be very interesting especially looking at the American and European and then more Asian way of looking at behavior change there's a whole discussion about how much evidence do we really need or should we have much more standardized tools on behavior change which are actually valid across the world because all mothers care for their children or should we actually have a very evidence based bottom up design process in each and every country or each and every region and what kind of tools do we use for it do we ever see governments integrating institutionalizing those new approaches to behavior change or is that just an illusion because the analytical capacity and resources on there I think the type of discussions could be in this working group and I think that could be useful I would agree I think that something that I've discovered in working in behavior change is that there are so many different frameworks in theories of change and it can oftentimes be difficult to sift through those and so I think sharing experiences from others across the wash sector could be really useful for people we give you the last word I'm just saying that behavior change increasingly is being seen as the need to change the behavior of government officials bureaucrats and politicians and not the behavior change only of consumers so I think it's also going to be a very critical issue which can be explored by this group I think that's a good point that we need to be specific about what audience we're referring to and we do talk about behavior change so please submit your thoughts to the forum because I'm sure you all have questions and it'd be great to hear them as we move forward so if we do go forward with the new working group that it can be as impactful as possible so thank you thank you very much and thanks for all the energy for this session thank you Hannah we have one more announcement here there has been a collection of menstrual hygiene management linkages links not linkages links and on publications which are there has been collected by GIZ and is available via the Susanna website and I think that might be quite interesting we put that outside so you can see I think it's not yet active but will be active very soon so you can find it on the Susanna website menstrual hygiene management an overview of a neglected issue so now it's time to wrap up Anna and Maglaine you want to close the meeting or and have a look into the future and tell us where the next Susanna meeting will take place well I think there are ideas one thing is that we'll have a core group meeting or who is able to come to Ashbourne in mid-January we'll combine a core group meeting with a celebration of Susanna and ideally around the time where the first meeting was 10 years ago and the second thing which is a big thing is that the FECL sludge management for will be a big conference in India and I think many people will be there and we consider that as a good place to have a Susanna south meeting next year if there is a good idea even better idea where to go let us know but otherwise that has high potential to have a next meeting in India as well with all the attention currently which is going on in India then there are the sort of the usual suspects water day menstrual hygiene day then stock on water week and global hand washing day that's looking into 2017 if you have other important things we should think of where could be working group meetings or even a Susanna south meeting we address it to Anna share it with us so that we can discuss it I think that's it some voices on that are there some voices on that or is it late enough to have no Stefan fantastic idea to go to Chennai fantastic idea to go to Chennai there is a big movement just coming back from India we should not miss out the opportunity to be part and share ideas and discuss and exchange without fixing who is going to change more or going to be change or influence but use that maybe just an idea to challenge everyone in the spirit of the SDGs where we are looking to link different goals to not only think of conferences that are applicable only to our sector but to really go to ones that aren't I know that the scaling up nutrition movement has its global gathering sometime next April or something like that and this is not only I think relevant to the working group on washing nutrition but this is a conference where governments discuss their country nutrition plans which a lot of times and wash people aren't even aware include budget lines for wash and you suddenly have nutritionists discussing wash without sort of the wash sector being there just asking everyone to sort of think in the spirit of the SDGs sort of a little bit outside their own box to make an effort to do something like that I think would be great I think in an ideal world we have 17 MDGs so we would have 17 other events where working group leads or some enthusiasts would say I am going there I know somebody there who is coming along we won't live in an ideal world but if you have this kind of an idea we will do it with us and we will try to find out if we can activate a few other people and have a small or medium or great event in one of these thank you for mentioning that that's really sort of the self-centered part of it and we should with the SDGs be more open yes but that's sort of already set already that Habitat 3 we talked about it working group 6 who is there I was just wondering are there any more of the Latino San, Africa San, SACO San meetings planned for 2017 not to my knowledge otherwise I think they would have been there yes I think as well WEDEC as well could be that the dry toilet conference is next might be next year so that could be and the sounds as well as well one year after that's my knowledge as well bring it to our attention if we missed out on that the globe is anybody watching is anybody knowing if there's somebody watching last time I was really surprised about the amount of people thank you for watching yes so let's see over there how many there were no and it's a long day I think hardly anybody could stay with us from 9 in the morning to nearly 6 in the afternoon even Elizabeth gave up I think in Australia she is in Australia that's the national reason it's now 4 o'clock in the morning then it's serious yes so maybe few words from you Madeleine yes right I'm booked in here for next stock on water weekend if there is a dry toilet conference we will try to see how we plan so that we don't so we can plan together with dry toilet conference so we don't overlap each others but it's also a brilliant opportunity to bring in all these people interested in dry toilet conference to the Susanna meeting in between before leaving Scandinavia and you said something next year it's really as well be here at the moment we have a number of thank yous but have a clap your hand for SEI and for having us here every day so but about meeting I think sometimes we should even go to the climate meeting but we have to prepare for that it's in November so we'll spread that with you and let us know we'll take care of that from here but I mean we probably should propose something get into that and I hope many of you will join us but I'm not going to Morocco so but to another meeting I start with some thank yous and you do the one I missed first I want to thank you Ankatrin who brought all this together and you can then thank you your team you organized many things to as well help but maybe they'll be there as always we'll stay there and chit chat a bit and have something so thanks to all those supporters from Stockholm from GIZ and from other organizations who made this possible and the technique which is outstanding thank you yes I think and with this we can thank the presenters thank those who had that long day before the water week so that you're not too fresh when you start the water week I was very happy to to get that overview again and have a nice water week stay with us for some time and maybe you formally close and add some few senses I have some things to add yes good so we are really happy also to treat you on a small something here outside waiting for you but I have been given order by my colleagues here that anyone who wants to have something of that nice waiting for you outside should help our technicians to carry down oh yes the equipment so we are many so I hope that you can help them to bring it down because we have had some hassles with the doors if you have noticed that today so their distances to the car is a bit different from what they expected so please help them with that I would also like to ask you to bring out to the kitchen the things that you brought into this room and put it where it belongs and so that's otherwise I'm really really happy about this day I think the problems with the door made people stay here because we were afraid of getting lost trying to get out of here again so that was a brilliant day and I also must say I've never been so fit during a Susanna meeting you know we have put some meters here to see how much we walk today but I'll tell you later we make a little graph of that to see who won the competition of walking most during the Susanna meeting okay let's help all of us because this is a collaborative effort and we have these drinks out here and we want to see you down at the restaurant where you were yesterday we have booked a table for 25 people but I think it's possible to expand it's a big restaurant and we had a nice night there last night and I hope it will be as nice today the menu is not too big but enough to choose between two nights at least and if we need to have some people down at 7 o'clock so someone had to advance but otherwise and we need to get out of here 8 isn't it Kim or it depends on you I think the table is booked around 8 yeah we should protect the table because it's a Saturday evening and it's a popular place so these logistics will follow after meeting is closed enjoy yourself be with us