 Health noises, eating stuff, yum. OK, I've put some thumbs on Drive, where they usually are. Thank you. Much appreciated. So apparently we're live. Hi. Hey, what's up, world? I don't see any citizens yet. Yeah. Yeah, we were just kind of hanging out there as we usually do. But if we're going to get started, we might as well get started, right? There we go. It's coming through now. I've got it. We're going. We're going. OK. Cool. At some point, we're going to know that we're live. At another point, we're going to know that we're not live. We'll figure it out live. Yeah. This is the great thing about this show is that we just figure things out as they go. And in fact, we're figuring it out today on September 3rd. So glad to have you all here. My name is Jared. I'm going to be your host for tomorrow, today. And then we've also got Ryan and Dutta in the mix as well. Hello. As usual, we have got a lot to talk about for this week because there has been just a few things that happened over the past week. And space flight seems to just never end, does it? So to go ahead and get started, Ryan, why don't we go to you? Because it's SpaceX always at the top of our list of things to talk about. And SpaceX always gives us a bunch of things to talk about at the top of our list. So as we're saying hello to everybody in the chat room, hopefully the chat room's doing good today. Don't forget to chime in throughout the show. And Ryan, I'm going to go ahead and hand it right over to you. Yeah. I mean, SpaceX is always up to something. I'm going to kick it off here with Ship 25. This is the Starship that's later to fly the next integrated flight test, which Fingers crossed should be soon in the next few weeks or so. Probably not going to be next week. We still are expecting it to roll out, get stacked, have the FTS systems all armed and saved, and all of that jazz. So we're expecting a pretty similar process in terms of that side of things from the first integrated flight test. And following IFT1's kind of timeline from this point, a flight probably wouldn't be next week following those timelines. We had a sneaking suspicion they might try roll this out last week, maybe trying to follow that timeline as well. But as you can see here from Jack Byer's photos of its new delivery, which it got, it's very much not at the launch site. It's still at the production site. And calling it a delivery, I will be honest, is maybe a little bit disingenuous because it's just got a few stickers on it now. It's got the SpaceX logo and S25 on each side in front of the flaps. So maybe it's a bit disingenuous to call that a delivery. It's got three new stickers, but it just kind of, you know, polishes the ship off a little bit, makes it more... As SpaceX goes, that's a delivery. Yes. You've also got the tiles on the other side. So I guess, you know, it gives it a little bit of an interesting design. But you know, that's all we've got from ship 25 at the moment as of this week because it's pretty much ready to go. It just needs to roll to the pad, get the flight termination system all stacked first, rather, probably do a wet dress rehearsal or at least some tanking tests, then destack it, get the flight termination system armed, put it back on top of the booster and then send it to Hawaii, hopefully by the end of the flight. So that's pretty much all that we've got from ship 25 this week at Starbase. So it doesn't sound like a lot, but this is kind of, you know, the last step before rollout, this is just the final pieces of the cake in order to put it in the oven and then start baking. Yeah, so speaking of baking, ship 25 certainly will do that if it makes it all the way to entry interface, they'll be telling you. So it is starting to look like, Ryan, your prediction of September is gonna be pretty spot on with that there if the progress continues. Are there any sort of big hangups at the moment that we should be aware of or is it going to be smooth sailing once regulatory issues and hurdles are crossed? I think it's gonna be pretty smooth sailing. I think the two biggest, when you say like regulatory issues or legal things, the two biggest things that comes to most people's minds is obviously the launch license, the FAA doing their investigation into what happened with Flight Test One. And then there's also that weird legal challenge about environmental stuff against the FAA and SpaceX or something like that to do with them harming the environment or whatever. That legal challenge is just riddled with mistakes and it's a bit rubbish to be honest. I don't believe that will cause much of an issue. In terms of the FAA side of things, we don't really get an insight into the FAA. They will be conducting their investigation alongside SpaceX. SpaceX will already be aware of many of the things that the FAA will say in the, I think it's a mishap report, is the official terminology. So there's a very strong chance in my opinion that whilst the FAA have been saying to SpaceX, like, hmm, that's a bit dodgy, you should fix that for the next flight, SpaceX have been actively working on that and integrating that into the next generation of vehicles and the launch pad infrastructure as they've been fixing it. So I don't feel like the FAA come, say, September 10th, they're just putting a random date out of thin air. They'll just dump on SpaceX a whole bunch of things they were unaware of and then they've got to sit there for months to get the pad ready to fit the FAA spec. SpaceX, I think, I'm 99% sure SpaceX is already aware of the majority of the things that the FAA are going to tell them that they need to fix before IFT too. So I think it's going to be a case just like the first flight test that when the FAA drop that report, they'll be ready for the launch license straight away. I'll drop the launch license and they'll be ready to launch in a few days' time. Gotcha. As Bennett is saying in our chat room, aha, launch date September 10 confirmed. So yeah, if we're going to start, yeah, Ryan said it, so that's why it's going to happen. So if anyone's going to start rumors, let it be us. And we'll just say that NASA's space flight caused the rumor with that there. We'll blame NSF on that front for it. But yeah, it does, again, I'm going to repeat this probably till the demise of booster nine in ship 25. And that is that it seems like SpaceX is doing so much better of a job in terms of actually preparing their vehicle and understanding that maybe it should be a little more on point with being a flight test as opposed to a hashtag full send. It seems like they really are kind of putting in the homework and making sure that things are going right with this here. So good, glad to see all the boxes that need to be checked. They're coming along with that. Also that environmental lawsuit is really actually riddled with so many things that are completely incorrect that it basically takes itself out of being a realistic lawsuit and kind of tosses itself into the trash. So yeah, I don't know what was being attempted there, but the folks who set that up definitely did not do their due diligence and pretty much lost the credibility of trying to figure things out on that front. So yeah, that's kind of just saying the least. In genuine SpaceX style, the first one was a turd that got a bunch of data and now they're putting some polish on it and straightening out their issues. Yes, and as we all know, you can polish a turd. So, so that's not what I'm implying. I know, just Josh didn't get there. It is most certainly a shiny rocket. So we'll put it that way with it there. So. Go grab the WD-40. Yeah, boy, I feel like the internet, I feel like the comment section is going to get very bad. Yeah, I stuck my friend in that one. Yeah, well, you know, you tried to polish it and then you just accidentally stepped on it and slipped. So, but it's okay. We still, at least nobody put it in a bag and lit it on fire on your porch. All right, so, and that wasn't the only thing we were dealing with with SpaceX over the past week, right, Ryan? We also had some friends coming home. Well, we haven't had anyone come home just yet because of the weather, everyone's favorite Floridian weather with hurricanes and storms and whatnot. So I believe that, what's the date today? It's September 3rd. I believe they may be undocking today if they haven't already. But Crew 7, between the last show and the show, did arrive at the International Space Station. I just realized I'm gonna, I'm just gonna skip forward a little bit where the exciting stuff happens. Just give it all. Come on, there we go. Crew Dragon Endurance, I believe. Endurance or Endeavour, one of the two, docked to the Harmony Module of the International Space Station. One of the two? I can't remember, I think on orbit at the moment we have Endeavour and Endurance. One of them's doing Crew 6, one of them's doing Crew 7. I don't know which one's which. I'm gonna find out live on air. It's Endurance. It's Endurance. Endurance is good Crew 7. Is it? Okay, let's just check where I, yes it's Endurance. As I said, Dragon Endurance, Jared, I don't know why you ever doubted me. That docked to the International Space Station, Harmony Module, on the 27th of August, which was about six days ago, seven days ago, about a week ago, so there you go. Ryan is in rare sorts today. That, as you can tell, I did my, just like the environmental thing, I did my due diligence in Crew 7. So, there you go. That happens and Jasmine McBerry, Andreas Mohansson, Satoshi Furukawa and Konstantin Borisov. See, I remember the crew names are now on board the International Space Station alongside Crew 6 and Soyuz MS-22 or 23. By the way, I just want to point out that this crew is mostly not NASA. It's all not NASA, isn't it? Jasmine is, this commander is from NASA, but Andrus is from the European Space Agency, Satoshi's from JAXA, and then Konstantin's from Roscosmos. So, only one of the four astronauts on board is actually a NASA astronaut. And that's very interesting. I don't think that's actually happened before, both in just flying on a Crew Dragon, let alone flying on a American vehicle. Actually, it has happened before. Everyone's favorite vehicle, Space Shuttle has done it before, on STS-100 when we had four Americans from NASA, Chris Hadfield from the Canadian Space Agency, and Berto Guidoni, sorry for pronouncing it correctly from ESA and Yuri Longchukov from Russia there as the fifth mission specialist on STS-100. So, it has happened before, but in my opinion, in terms of percentages, I think this is the most diverse crew because there's only four crew members on board, and each crew member is of a different nationality. So, in my opinion, this does make it the most international crew there's been just because the Space Shuttle could seat so many more people, and there was a much larger percentage of Americans on board. Yeah, that's what I was trying to imply, just the fact that this is of the astronauts on board, only one of the four is an American from NASA. And so that means the majority of the crew is actually not from NASA, and this is the first time I can recall a mission where specifically a NASA mission where the NASA astronauts do not outnumber the astronauts that are actually on board of the vehicle. So I just thought that was fascinating, like here we are in that international age of exploration of space, and just doing our thing as we often do. So, very exciting to see that actually happening for real. Yeah, and also when we have actual missions in ESA, mixing stuff in there, seat barters and all of this stuff, there's many, many different agreements that are making things like this possible. I suspect we may see something like this again, especially with JAXA collaboration and most Cosmos collaboration. Yeah, it's just pretty cool to see, and it's something that the commercial space age, as it were, I was just to do. Yeah, and kind of the exact opposite of that is that crew eight is going to have three NASA astronauts and one Roscosmos astronaut, so kind of getting back at it. And that's as far as we've got right now in terms of crews. Of course, we do know that we're gonna have more happening at that time period. But yeah, we'll have to see. And then once Boeing's Starliner starts flying as well, when it starts flying in the 2100s, we're gonna definitely be able to see an even, hopefully an even better mix of crews on that front with them. So, yeah, just really cool that we're doing this. So, hey, here we are out and about actually doing the thing that we said we were gonna do. And the more people, the better, as far as I'm concerned. So, very exciting, very, very exciting with that there. So, all right. So, does that wrap up our sort of SpaceX? That's pretty much all they've done in the last week. Of course, I think they've launched a Starling or something like that. They launched a thing for the Space Development Agency of the U.S. Space Force. It's by it, really. It's just, you know, standard Falcon 9 launches. To this point, an interesting tip that I will just quickly throw in is that they have reached 61 launches, which was their total launch count from 2022. And we are on the 3rd of September, 2023. We are three quarters into the year and they've already matched the count for 2022. All right. That would be 39 more launches this year to reach 100. I don't think they will reach the 100 that they targeted. However, for 2024 and beyond, 100 Falcon 9s a year certainly seems well within reach for SpaceX. Yeah, and very, very exciting. Man, I'm just thinking back to like when I was first getting into the industry and everything and 10 launches a year spread out amongst multiple providers, somebody getting three launches in a year was amazing. So, you know, like when I got in back in around 2008, 2009, United Launch Alliance was kind of the big commercial provider and a unprecedented year from them would have been six at that time. So, and now it seems like that's what SpaceX does every month. Well, I mean, they're exceeding that rate at this point with that. So what a workhorse Falcon 9 has become. And yeah, I cannot wait to see. I guess maybe we should on the next episode take some bets as to win or take some bets as to what we think the magic number for Falcon 9 is gonna be this year and we'll have to see. So, yeah, as sedated we is saying or seedated we is saying we're two thirds of the way through the year. So 90, perhaps. Potentially, yeah. And also on that point, I just brought up the launch history chart for ULA. The most I've ever done in a year was 2009. They launched 16 successful missions in 2009. They're yet to launch out of Slick 41 this year. They would have done if the Atlas V flew the other week but they had to pull it back to the virtual integrated facility for the hurricane. But like you can see here as ULA has gone down SpaceX has definitely ticked up and they've ticked up much faster than ULA have gone down. So it's just an interesting balance there between the different commercial providers. And I guess you could also say, well, Vulcan was occupying Slick 41 for a lot of the year. They're no longer using Vandenberg really. They've only got a couple more Atlas Vs out of there if any, I think. So, I mean, that's a fair argument to make but still, they haven't launched anything yet. Yeah, it's been a, how would I describe it for United Launch Alliance? Their year, a lot of their focus this year has not necessarily been on, how do I say this correctly? I'm trying to figure this out because this is, I don't wanna be like, they're not focusing on getting things to orbit this year because they very clearly are, right? They've had multiple missions. They flew the Delta IV Heavy this year, for good to say. Oh yeah, they flew the Delta IV Heavy earlier in the year. It doesn't get much bigger than that except for Falcon Heavy, which is one, seven, ten, two. But they're really focusing on their ground game and getting Vulcan up and going. As Bennett is saying, Vulcan needs to get moving. There are customers and yeah, and we've seen those customers move a little bit, right? We saw Kuiper take two of their satellites off of Vulcan flight and stick them on an Atlas flight to kinda work with that. One of the things that SpaceX has going for it is it is its own customer. Yes. So they're like developing their own, okay, go ahead. Oh no, go ahead, Dada. You're gonna probably say it much better than I ever could. No, you try. Ha ha ha ha, thanks Dada, no pressure. But yeah, when you've got Starlink on your side, it definitely helps out. I could definitely talk about all the things I've transported in my Jeep this year when it's not broken down. And yeah, I've transported a lot, but I've also done most of that for myself. So. But SpaceX has also launched more commercial payloads this year than ULA has. So. Yes. You know, Starlink does make a big majority of that 61, but they still have launched more commercial payloads than ULA have. Yeah. I think your fight with Dada, not with me, I promise. Dada's being the bad boy today. So you're gonna be the one who's gonna get all the angry comments in the comment section. Hopefully, so. For once, for once in your life, Dada. Now it is your turn. But in our chat room, hey, some of y'all are still checking in today. Hello from Diamond Bar here in California. Also from Croatia. Glad to have you aboard with us. And then we've also got some folks who are giving us their predictions of how many launches they think SpaceX are gonna do. Alan says 92 this year. So not quite 100, but 92. And then Leo here being slightly mean a little bit, but 99. So, yeah. So we'll have to see how that goes. They're gonna get so close to 100. And then just miss it by one. That would be a huge bummer. Heat Shield letting us know that we are 0.673972602739726 of the way through the year. Thanks for all of those significant, thanks for not going for sig figs on it and just dropping the whole numbers. Even then, I think that's still, but yeah, a lot of that with that there. Anyways, yeah. So super, super, super cool. And we're hoping that we can see SpaceX continue to launch at a very high cadence. I feel like it's gonna be, I feel like Alan at 92 is definitely kind of right where it's gonna end up being. That seems to be the happy medium with that there. And even then that, I guess that means you're launching what, every three or days? Roughly. Something like that. I mean, let's call it lucky. You can do it every six days, but you have to do it from both coasts at the same time. And you know, that's not quite out of the purview of SpaceX's abilities either. They very well could. And, you know, so, I mean, they've tried to launch from 39 and 40 in the same day, from the same area, if you will. So I want to see the point where, I want to see the point where they get to having overlapping webcasts for two launches. They've done it before. They've already had to do that out of California and Florida, it was barely, I think it was the end of a Falcon Heavy and the start of like a Starling or something like that. They were like, the launch is one physically happening at the same time, but the tail end of one caught up with the start of another. Only by a few minutes though. Yeah, but I'm talking like, we don't get to hear test shot starfish in between. Like, yeah, like that is doing, I want to see, I want to see that, that like, what do you call it? Like, as one is getting, was one's going through staging, the other one's flipping off. So let's stop and y'all. So come on, let's see it. What are you waiting for? Let's do it y'all. So anyways, I don't know, maybe we should buy one and make that happen. Buy two. Yeah, I'll get right on it. Yeah, well, I'm sure we can get a discount for flying them at the same time. Sure, it's not too difficult. On there, on there, yeah, probably, probably. All right, so quite a lot, quite a lot on SpaceX this week. But I also, I want to tell you a little bit about something that we found on the moon. If you can believe it, which is that a couple of weeks ago, we had this thing called Luna 25, you guys remember it? And I say mostly, you guys remember it because we, we, you know, had Luna 25 there for a bit. And then it kind of did this. So, which it's smacked into the surface of the moon, but we have found where it is on the moon. So, so Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, they actually were able to discuss it where it is with scientists from Roscosmos, and they got sort of ideas to where it should be. I actually saw the landing ellipses, the area where Luna 25 was going to land, something like 15 kilometers by 30 kilometers. These are huge landing ellipses for something that's supposed to do a precision landing. So I was really surprised by that. But here's the area that it sort of looked like before Luna 25 showed up. And then this is what it looked like after Luna 25 showed up. And of course, as we know, now the engines on Luna 25 basically burned. Performed really well. Yeah, they over-performed, whatever that means. Yeah. And boy, did Luna 25 smack into the moon at the very high rate of speed, therefore forming the newest crater on the moon. And it really does actually look like a crater there. So I'm, yeah, that's fascinating with that there. And I actually think what's, you know, I don't want to, I'm trying to, I guess be an optimist about this. But we now have some Luna Regolith that is exposed. So if you've got a spacecraft that has instrumentation on board, go ahead and, you know, maybe schedule some time to look at that freshly exposed Regolith and let's see what we get out of it. We know that the elements and things that the spacecraft is made out of. So let's just go ahead and get rid of that. We can figure out what other stuff is made out of there. So sort of like L-Cross when we smacked into the moon and then flew through the plume and analyzed the plume as we went in. Because our resident, Muna Bomber, Vax, often we talk with him about that quite often. We might be able to do that here. So very, very, you know, bummer on not being able to lay in on the moon, but also at the same time, we could pull some results from it. So we'll have to see. So this is kind of one of those things with that there that we end up having to figure out. And Raul is actually asking, what is the name of the new crater on the moon? Don't know. Nobody has proposed one yet. I think it's still too, I think if I were to bring in some technical terms for this from the planetary sciences community, I think this would be deemed too soon to make one. So yeah, we still got to do it. And then Nicole, yes, Luna 25 is indeed on the moon resting in pieces. So RIP, homie. I like this name from Benjamin saying, let's call it oops. Yes, we could call it oops. So I don't know if that's not very nice. But neither, but the moon is not nice either. So it's a very difficult place to do things as we have seen. But I don't know if anybody's kind of prepared to talk about it here, but we do have a moon mission that is currently going on that is so far wildly successful in just about everything it's doing. Anybody wanna grab that? Which is a small mission called Shandrion 3. Yeah, it's a good omission. It's a good omission. I brought up one of the tweets here from the ISIRO, or ISRO, who I received last week. I've been doing an excellent job of keeping everybody informed through social media all around the world. This is a picture from the Vikram rover which came with the, sorry, is it the Pragyan rover? I forgot which one is which. Pragyan's one of them, and Vikram's the other one, as a rover and a lander. The rover came out of the lander, whichever way around it is. The rover took a picture of the lander. That's Vikram, the lander, and then Pragyan's the rover. Okay, there we go. I have the wrong way around in my head. Yeah, but we got pictures from the lunar surface, which was really cool. But if you're unaware, and you're like all of this exciting hoo-ha around Chandrion 3, this looks very exciting. And we can see here as well the rover rotation as it spins around the lunar surface. That looks really cool, right? But it's so... Oh, that's really cool. The disappointing news is that its mission is very shortly going to come to the end, at the end of the lunar day. So Chandrion 3 is very soon, unfortunately, going to be lost. There'll be a loss of communications, and the mission will probably come to an end, is where we're gonna keep listening out in case they get a heartbeat signal back when the sun rises again on this lunar surface where Chandrion 3 is located. But at least its primary mission has gone incredibly well. Much better than lunar 25 did. But it will... This is a plan because this is just because, you know, it's powered by solar cells, which need to be able to see the sun. No, I don't want it to go away. It's... I like it. They obviously didn't find an outlet in time on the lunar surface in order to charge it up again. I'm just gonna... I forgot to bring the plug converter. Yeah. I'm suddenly becoming very sad thinking about this. So I don't... Yeah, I don't... It was a good robot. It did its job. Yeah, but it... I want... No, I want more. We all want more. I saw a stat somewhere that they did this mission for 75 million US dollars. They're about... Yeah. Which is what I almost had... It's over half then the cost of the movie Interstellar. Yes. Yeah, there are countless movies. They cost more than 100 million dollars and they've done this for three quarters of that. So an incredible bang for your buck from India. And it's done, you know, it's done exactly what it was designed to do as well. Yep. I was just gonna say that we have already been getting a wealth of data back from Chandra on three. We're getting temperature data both for surface and subsurface, which is like fantastic. You know, it has not been since Apollo that we have gotten subsurface temperature data. So we're very, very excited about that. In addition to that, we're also getting seismic data from the surface. They have both been able to measure the seismicity from Prangyan driving around on the surface, but they did catch one on August 26th. Some event, not related to anything on the rover or the lander occurred. So they're trying to figure out if that might have been the meteorite impact or a moonquake. So trying to differentiate between the two there, which a lot of people don't realize the moon does have seismicity, lunar seismology, I guess. I can't think of a cool terminology for it. It quivers. It kinda does, actually. The moon is different from the Earth, where it sort of rings like a bell does. And these moonquakes can actually last minutes, even hours. So they are intense on the moon. They're not very high in what we would consider magnitude here on Earth. I believe the biggest ones they get are up to magnitude four or five relative to what we have here on Earth. But having us, Ian Dutta, just having dealt with a magnitude five during a hurricane that visited us a couple weeks ago, we could tell you that having a couple hours of a magnitude five would not be very fun. We could definitely shake our drinks very well, but it wouldn't be very fun overall. Does it ring like that because of the lack of a liquid core? Yes, so because the moon doesn't have a liquid core because the interior of the moon is radically different, very solid metallic compared to what we have here on Earth. Yes, so that is exactly why it rings like a bell. It does with that, so, and Bennett, thank you very much. There's our T-shirt for us here in Los Angeles several weeks ago, which is magnitude five, category five. All I got was this T-shirt, so with it there. And then also, let's see, there was a question in our chat room that if anybody wanted to take it on, like Benjamin, Benjamin they're asking why wouldn't it just get a charge again and start roving after the lunar night? So why wouldn't it just charge again? My best guess is that because it would have already been starved of electricity, it would already be dead. So my best guess is that even if the solar cells worked again, they've already been exposed to the lunar night, it's already been very, very cold. It just wouldn't be enough in order to, you know, kickstart the rover or the lander into working again. They would have already gone into hibernation mode to anticipate the lunar night. So, you know, if they've already been put into a hibernation mode, I severely doubt it would be easy just to, you know, click a button and it would just spring out of hibernation mode again because you need to establish communications to talk to the rover in order to do that. And if you've run out of electricity, you can't do that because you don't have electricity and you can't get a signal. So that would be my best guess. It's just because it has already lost power, it would be impossible to, you know, jumpstart it. Yeah, and I haven't been able to figure out, I haven't seen anything talking about a heater or heaters being on board of pragnion as well. And that's gonna be really important because we're talking about this being down near the lunar south pole. So we're gonna be talking about temperatures probably near, you know, minus 200 Fahrenheit, which I assume would be somewhere well below minus 100 Celsius, probably minus 140 Celsius, something like that. Yeah, it would be very cold. Minus 120.8 Celsius, there you go. 108? Minus 128.8 Celsius, so very, very cold. And as Dan said in the chat, when batteries freeze, they don't like coming back to life, which is a good point to make. Yeah, so if you were to take your Tesla to the north or south pole, their winters respectively, it may not start after that. So, yeah, not really big on working with that. So, and there will be nobody there to pull your Cybertruck out either, so how terrible. Turns out electronics have an operating range. Yes, they do, and a lot of people don't realize this. The Mars Exploration Rovers opportunity and spirit, they had heaters on board, but they were actually made out of radioactive material. I can't remember which specifically, I can't remember if it was plutonium 238 or 35 or if they used something else different from it, but they actually did have that there because they did have actual heaters on board to keep them warm during the Martian night, but they also wanted something a little extra to help out, and they actually did have radioactive materials that gave heat off to keep the electronics warm throughout a Martian night. So, yeah, you really do have to keep your electronics nice and warm with that. You'll notice that if you look at the designs of spacecraft, like Cassini, Cassini had to go through the inner solar system before it got out to Saturn. So if you look at the design of Cassini, there's these big radiators in the body of it that allow it to dump heat overboard, but once they got past Mars' orbit, those radiators closed up and they never opened again because they needed to keep as much heat inside of the spacecraft as they could to keep it warm because as you can imagine, going out as far as Cassini did, which was basically Saturn's orbit, you did end up losing a lot of heat very easily. By the way, Cassini is huge. The side note here, it's absolutely massive. If you ever go to the California Science Center here in Los Angeles, they have a scale model of Cassini hanging from the ceiling. It's huge. It's like the size of, it's like a truck and a half, the body of it, and then that boom, those magnetometers coming off of it there like city bus size and length. It's gigantic. It's huge and I love it. So, and every time I watch the video about Cassini plunging into the atmosphere and they go, as it fights to hold its antenna at Earth, I start to cry because I'm like, oh, it's trying so hard. So, see, this is how I feel now about Chandra on three end and this is how I feel about Vikram and Pragyan. I'm feeling sad now because they're fighting so hard to do their work, but they have to kind of work with it. As all good robots do. Yeah, yeah, eventually they do. So, you weren't just a good robot, you were the goodest. So, Paul, hopefully I'm pronouncing that correctly, Paul, is asking, so the heaters are too heavy for that. So, not necessarily, but the heaters need to do their job and they need to be able to do it efficiently and there are interesting ways that we can work with that. And then, TSM space, I like this one here, which sounds like a job for a satellite with a laser to shoot at it. Yeah, I was just gonna say laser. And we shall call this system to heat up our spacecraft and recharge their batteries, the Allen Parsons project. Sorry, I'm reading the chat room just because you guys are like jumping in here and this is exactly what we want, which heat shield coming in saying robot's good, Cassini the goodest. And yes, RIP Cassini, you're a part of Saturn now, we love you, we won't forget you. Dan's saying, I want a radioactive eating blanket, a Christmas present for the mother-in-law, be nice, Dan. And Jason's also saying, now I'm wondering what's the torsion forces over the rover given one side is in direct sunlight and the other is in shadow. I shall point to Dada to answer something as smart as that, Dada. I'm not doing physics questions this early in the morning. Okay, fair enough. I'm not sure what those forces would be either, but obviously you've got a bill for them because it's not gonna be big. You probably will wanna build a little bit for it, maybe just maybe for the thermal covering on it so that doesn't split or something like that because it's very thin sheets typically. But even then, I don't know if it's gonna be much. But yeah, but that is something that you do have to think about in designing stuff to operate on the lunar surface, which is that if you're gonna be in sunlight, you're gonna be in excess of 100 degrees Celsius, well over 200 degrees Fahrenheit. And then in the shade, you're gonna be dropping down to probably about minus 100 Celsius or well below 200 degrees, minus 200 Fahrenheit. This is true, one side is shrinking, the other is expanding with the heat. Yeah, so what you need to do, have your rover go in little circles, just do little donuts across the room. That's what it was doing. As you go around, so yeah, it was kind of working with it. Yeah, and actually get a heat shield. He chilled, I'm not doing physics questions before my first cup of coffee. Okay, that's the new coffee mug logo. So I guess there's our coffee mug for the show. And then Benjamin saying, considering these extreme temperatures and the electronics working ranges, there's a lot of challenges to overcome if we wanna go back for any longer period of time. Absolutely, so now you know why things like lunar spacesuits and other stuff cost a billion dollars to make six to eight of them? It's because this is not an easy thing to do. You're in a difficult environment. This is an environment that hates and will attempt to destroy everything that you put in it to operate it. Yeah, so it's saying easy. Yeah, razor sharp, dust, just, yeah. And Mikal, totally agree with you here. If we wanna go back for a longer period of time, we need to bring back Aries 1X. So, full send, full send. Thanks, Dada. I got to show that one. So thank you, Mikal. I appreciate that with that. Myself and Ryan, I appreciate that. Don't worry, I'm sure Starship will finally be Aries 1X. Yes. Oh boy, yeah, Jason, exactly Aries 1X with lift off of the lunar night. No problem, piece of cake. That's how it goes. Leo, actually bringing up a really interesting question here, which is have any of the agencies tried using secondary batteries like ultra capacitors or inertial masses to overcome this problem? I actually don't know. I don't know the answer to that question. So, I would think things like capacitors, the more charged you dump into something, the faster you charge something, the more heat you generate. And typically the more heat you generate, the not good it is to be in a spacecraft. So I would imagine, so we're not gonna have a Formula One style kinetic energy recovery system in like our next perseverance rover. Trying to make sure Verstappen doesn't pass you, so you can quickly push it and get it there. But of course, he's still gonna win, even on Mars. So, yeah. Oh, Bennett, that's, I don't wanna bring that one up. That's funny, but it's also mean with it there. And then, yeah, anyways, yeah, that's how it goes. But also, I just wanna remind everybody that we're not done with the moon yet. We still got a little bit more coming up with the moon, which is that JAXA has their own vehicle, their own lander that they've actually developed. And give me just a second, I'm pulling it up right now. It's still getting used to EVMUX even after all this time, which is called SLIM. And SLIM is the smart lander for investigating the moon. And this is a very cool little mission that they're gonna be doing. They're basically trying to make sure, they're gonna be testing, testing out systems for landing on the moon. And I think this is fascinating, because instead of doing the typical thing with like inertial navigation units and all this other stuff to try to figure out how to land super precisely on the moon, they are literally using a facial recognition system, facial recognition software to try to do a landing on the moon within 100 meters of a target that they're gonna choose. So, that's so ridiculous. I love it, that's amazing. And it's got a thermometer to take thermal data, temperature data on the surface of the moon. It's got a radiation monitor in order to measure radiation. Very important thing if we're gonna have humans returning to the moon, like Artemis is trying to get us to do. And especially if we're trying to get humans to go back to the moon to stay, we wanna know the radiation environment as well as we can. It's also gonna have an inclinometer, oh my gosh, Dada help me. Inclinometer. Thank you, inclinometer. Which for those of you who may not be in the four by four world or you're gonna buy a Cybertruck and you very quickly need to learn what one of these is because you'll get stuck without it. This is something- It tells you how many inclims you have. Yes, it tells you what angle you're laying at. So like how much to, how much roll pitch do you have other stuff like that? Although in a car we don't necessarily call it roll or pitch. We just say what angle are you facing up or down or to the right or to the left? Because if you are saying like my Toyota four rudder, the inclinometer currently showing that I have 20 plus 25 degrees roll, we're all just gonna call you a dork with that there. It will also have a very small little rover which weighs about 250 grams. So literally a quarter of a kilogram and it's got a couple of cameras. It's actually designed to change its shape on the lunar surface. This is how slim it's gonna sit on the surface. Once it lands on the surface, that kind of blows my mind that it's gonna sort of like tip itself over during the landing process and come in that way. Cause you see it like this, right? Cause you're like, oh, okay, that makes sense. You know, there's the stressors and there's the larger engines to slow down and then the very small stressors to do very fine movements. And the next thing you see it's like, wait a second, everything is, wait, that's all pointing the wrong way. But this is going to launch as a secondary payload during the X-ray imaging and spectroscopy mission which is supposed to, it was supposed to launch on August 28th but it has been delayed unfortunately and there is currently not a specified date. But it was delayed because of poor weather at the launch site. But yeah, so I'm very excited to see that. So I cannot wait for that one. So the moon, it's so hot right now. It's hot moon summer, I think. So. Do you wanna know what's in so hot? What's also hot? The sun. That's true. Yeah, it's true. Do you wanna know who's going to look at the sun? I think I know where we're going with this. So yeah, who's going to go? Because not only have they landed on the moon but Israel has decided, you know what? Why don't we also go and launch a solar observatory at the same time? So I would pretty well, not really out of nowhere. They haven't just decided this. Obviously they decided it's a long while ago while they were designing the mission. But very recently Israel have launched a PSLV, a Polar satellite launch vehicle out of India to launch the Aditya L1 mission, which is kind of in the name. It's currently on its way to Lagrange point one, which is the opposite point to L2 where the James Webb Space Telescope is. So if you think of, is it here? There you go. So if you think of Earth and you have the moon, L2 is back here because that's where James Webb went because it doesn't wanna look at the sun because sun's hot and you don't want James Webb to be hot. However, Aditya L1 wants to look at the sun so you put it on the other side, you just put it at the Lagrange point one, which is between the Earth and the sun. It's kind of the midpoint between, if you think of the sun's mass and the Earth's mass, it's kind of the midpoint where they kind of equalize and you can do all kinds of, of course, physics-y stuff at the Lagrange points and it gets a little bit confusing. But anyway, essentially it's a point in space which you can orbit around but there isn't actually anything there which it's orbiting around. It's just because of how gravity works. You can probably do your own research on that because I can't explain it very well. But anyway, it's currently on its way to L1 and it's going to be observing the sun and getting sun stuff and doing all kinds of things to do with that. It's not getting as close as, say, Parker Solar Probe which, you know, it has literally touched the sun. However, it will be doing solar observations kind of. I don't know whether this is a certainty but if you kind of think of like the solar dynamics observatory, SDO, which kind of just looks at the sun, I imagine it'll be doing similar things to that except at the L1 point. Yeah, I think they get and discover which is the mission that we launched in 2015 are going to be very complimentary of each other in working with that. There's also ACE, Advanced Composition Explorer which a lot of people don't know about at L1 as well. And ACE has been operating since 1997. We're still using it. So 26 years later, we are still operating a mission to study the sun at L1. So you want to talk about continuity of data coming from the sun. Doesn't get much more potent than that. There's also SOHO at L1, right? I think it's still there and operating correctly, I think. That's been there since 2000s, I want to say. Either like 99 or 2000s when it rolled up on the scene sometime around there. I'm looking. The launch date was 1995 and it's currently there. Holy smokes! Yeah, it's planned mission duration was two years and the last time this page was updated it had been going for just over 27 years and 9 months which is significantly longer than the intended mission duration. I'll look at this, you can get an animation of its trajectory, what it's doing. And there it is, it just does these really big loops. Just like around the holidays when I have my favorite drink, I do really big loops. On my legs, thank you. Benjamin is actually asking, I think, a really cool question that a lot of people think about but never ask the question of and I think it's a great question, Benjamin which is how many objects sit at these Lagrange points? It seems you send a lot of missions there but they never seem to interfere with each other. Yes, the distances are huge but they're still not impossible. How do they not interfere with each other? My best guess is that well, this is how I understand it. Please interrupt me if I'm wrong but they're not actually at the Lagrange point. They are orbiting around the Lagrange point and just like how on Earth or rather around Earth we can have thousands of star-linked satellites, you can have t-dra satellites, you can have iridium satellites, you can have space telescopes, you can have thousands upon thousands of satellites orbiting around Earth that very rarely crash into each other. We can have satellites in different... Tesla roasters. That's not orbiting around Earth, that's orbiting around the Sun and we can have thousands of things orbiting around Earth. We can have many different things orbiting around Lagrange points and they won't interfere with each other because they're all in their own orbits. Now, obviously, a collision could be possible if you send two things heading in a collision path but I'm pretty sure that you try and not do that when you've spent billions of dollars on the James Webb Space Telescope. You want it to be as much as out of the way as possible. Yeah, except for when the dust environment is a bit more than we were expecting and it gets nicked a few times. So... Yeah, there is that. I will say this as well, Benjamin, which is that the Deep Space Network, which is pretty much the primary network that communications is done with our spacecraft throughout the Solar System, especially those beyond low Earth orbit, we're talking Moon and further out, they do tracking on these spacecraft. So when they're getting communications or communicating to the spacecraft, they're not only just downloading data or uploading data to the spacecraft to stay in communications with them, they're also figuring out exactly precisely where they are in space as well. And that is... that is very handy for figuring out precisely where the spacecraft are at. And that's something that we don't necessarily do just with stuff. If the Lagrange points, we can do it with spacecraft throughout the Solar System. So we can get very precise locations from them. So that's how we are able to do it. Like Ryan said, being able to do it that way, also grabbing data from the Deep Space Network or any communication system that you may have and working with it with that there. It's... Don't think it's an easy task though. It's very, very difficult. So, yeah. It's really, really tough. And I think on that note, that's actually a good time for us to wrap up. We are going to have our members only show after this. So if you have any questions that you didn't quite get answered and you still want to ask them, consider becoming a member of tomorrow like these folks have. YouTube.com slash TMRO slash join in order to become a member. It is literally 99 cents a month or more. You can start at 99 cents. That's like quarter cup of coffee. You know? So consider becoming a member and then you can join us in our members only show. It's instant. That means if you become a member right now, you will be allowed to come into the members only show. So highly recommend that you come on down and, you know, join us for that there. And this, of course, we want to thank our neuro streamer tomorrow model 33 plaid pro plus edition member. Boy, that was a fun post show stream where we came up with that. And of course, thank you all so much that, you know, we can't do the show without you. We're so excited that you help us out to make this show come over to everybody who wants to watch it. So consider helping us out making this show possible with all of us here. So on behalf of the three of us here, we appreciate it. And Ben, it says $1 just like shots just like shots on Thursday special night or something at your local place. Yeah, baby. It's kind of how tomorrow is much like shots. You get sick of it by the end of it, I'm sure. I'm just kidding. You probably enjoy the show. If you're this far, you definitely enjoy it. But thank you, everybody. We're going to go ahead and head over to our members only stream now. We'll be seeing you next week. Bye everybody.