 The study investigates the prevalence and associated factors of self-reported symptom-based depression in a national sample of older South Africans who participated in the study of global aging and adult health, Sage Wave 1, in 2008. The results show that functional disability, lack of quality of life, and chronic conditions such as angina, asthma, arthritis, and nocturnal sleep problems are associated with self-reported depression symptoms in the past 12 months. These findings suggest that self-reported depression in older South Africans is a public health problem that requires appropriate interventions to reduce occurrence. The identified protective and risk factors can be used to guide interventions and formulate public health care policies to improve quality of life among older adults. This article was authored by Karl Pelzer and Nancy for Swannamafuja.