 1. Mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs, have shown their potential in treating cardiovascular diseases due to their low immunogenicity, ease of isolation and expansion, and multipotency. 2. MSCs can differentiate into various cell types and promote endogenous angiogenesis via microenvironmental modulation. 3. Clinical trials have shown that transplanted MSCs can engraft at injured sites and improve relevant clinical parameters in patients with vascular diseases, highlighting the potential of master of science therapy for cardiovascular diseases. This article was authored by Hong Yangdao, Shi Bohan, Zhong Chaohan, and others.