 Okay, so we've now covered all the different elements of Laura. Just so you've got a balanced set of facts, we're going to give you an introduction into Sigfox. So this is a Sigfox presentation, so it's not an ST presentation, it's come from Sigfox themselves. And it gives you a brief overview of what Sigfox can do. The reason we're talking to you about Sigfox is because the Murata module that's on the centre of your discovery board is also capable of running the Sigfox protocol. Now you will have to remove one solder bridge or add one solder bridge so that we can connect one of the GPIO pins from the STM32 to the TCXO which is needed so that we can generate the Sigfox signals through the SEMTECH radio. So this particular module can do Sigfox or it can do Laura. If Sigfox is all you're really interested in, then ST has another product called Spirit2 which is being specifically designed for the Sigfox protocol and it's a chip level solution. So we can offer that to you as an alternative to the module here as a dedicated Sigfox product. So what is Sigfox? So Sigfox is a global low power network. So just as we have with the Laura, the Sigfox will work exactly the same way. It's designed to be a low power based application. So again, 10 years potential battery life depending on what the application is doing and what type of battery you're using for your product. It's global so it can be used anywhere. So if you have a device that's connected in France you can then pick that unit up, go over to Denmark, Sweden, power that unit up and it will connect to the same network no problems at all. You don't have to change any software or anything like that. It's low cost so the infrastructure is there. It's out there. It's being installed for you. So you don't have to worry about gateways, network servers, application servers. Sigfox have already created all that information for you and you just create your node that you want to do your application. And it's very easy to use. So you can connect to it no problems. You just power up your device as long as you've got a Sigfox address programmed inside your device then you can connect wherever you are in the world. So all the countries that are highlighted in the purple colour are available with Sigfox networks. So depending on where you are, most of Europe is well covered. Most of America's are well covered. Canada's not got any coverage yet. Certain parts of Eastern Europe don't have a great deal of coverage at this time. So what does Sigfox actually provide for you? So Sigfox provide all the areas in the sky blue colouring. So the three items in the middle of the diagram. So you create your object data on the far left depending on what you want to send information for. Then it's picked up by one of the gateways around all the various countries. Goes into their global network and then depending on what you're doing goes off onto the Sigfox cloud so you log into the Sigfox website and you can see your information that you've got there. If you then want to process it further then you can use any of the main big data analytics platform providers and then it comes out at your computer screens at your end in your office or wherever your end customers are actually doing things. So the structure is actually the same as Laura. So you have one network server here in the middle. You have multiple gateways connected to that network server and then you have application servers available to you. So pretty much the three sky blue blocks in the middle are the same as the Laura system. So the structure is pretty much identical. So there's lots of different market segments out there that are using Sigfox. So it's been taken up in different countries with different types of application areas doing different things. So water metering, smart lighting, emergency stock triggers, safety cameras, there's lots of various items available that can go into the connect to the Sigfox network. And it's across multiple industries as well. So it can be retail, health and assisted living, public sector, so and so, livestock management, anything like that. So there's lots of different marketplaces where Sigfox has already been adopted as a way of getting information from one location to another location. So how does it work? So we're back to the same diagram we showed you this morning. So we have the energy cost and efficiency scale and the range scale here on our diagram. So in the shorter range we've got the Bluetooth and the Wi-Fi. Then in the longer range area here, in the ones we've got the cellular and then we've got the low power energy efficient long range areas for Sigfox and Laura that are available to you. So the difference between Sigfox and Laura is Laura was spread spectrum. Sigfox is pretty much the opposite of this and it's ultra narrow bound. So we're now actually using channels that are only 100 hertz wide now to transmit our message and these 100 hertz channels are only spread across 192 kilohertz of the spectrum. So we can pick the frequency that we're running at somewhere between 868.034 to 868.226 megahertz. So we can select somewhere in that small area where we want our 100 hertz signals to be located. We've also got the ability to do frequency hopping as well. So the same frame is sent three times on different frequencies. So again to make sure that your message actually does get through to the various base station we do have this feature for doing this random access. So that means that your signal is quite difficult to jam because of this frequency hopping that you've got inside the protocol. So here's a spectrum analyzed view of what's going on. So here you can see the three different messages in the 100 hertz wide area that we're sending out for our particular packet there. So it's the repetition that goes on at slightly different frequencies. So as I said because of the frequency hopping as well we've also got the very high resilience to interference. So if the noise floor is quite high because our 100 hertz narrow band signals are quite strong so 8 dBs of signal available to you then the jamming is quite difficult. You've got to generate a lot of power if you want to jam all these frequencies and you don't know where in the frequency spectrum our 100 hertz are going to sit. So it is quite robust when it comes to the jamming side of things. SIGFOX also has to abide by all the rules and regulations so it's still in the same frequency band the 868 it still has to worry about the 1% duty cycle just as Laura does. So therefore you are still limited to only 6 messages per hour with your 1% duty cycle. One of the negatives now of SIGFOX is that your payload can be a lot smaller. So you're only limited to 12 bytes of payload. Remember Laura you can have anything up to 220 bytes of payload. So this is one of the I would say is probably more of a negative on this one. But depending on what you're sending 12 bytes might be perfectly adequate for what you're doing. So it might not be a negative. Downlink wise you get a slightly different regulation. So it's a 10% duty cycle for the base station transmitting but that still means you're only guaranteed 4 download messages per day. So again it depends on what your application is doing it will depend on if this is suitable for what you need. So it's a flat architecture. It's got a very very similar architecture to the Laura one where you have all your nodes, sensors or whatever they are. They talk to the various gateways or SIGFOX base stations. This then goes into the back end servers which is the network server for Laura and then appears on your web interface where you can access your data. So the benefit of SIGFOX is they also provide storage facilities. Otherwise you will have to go to a third party storage and data analyzing place so that you can store the rest of your data inside there. Security. So SIGFOX also implements security inside the protocol just as Laura does. So all the information that's getting transmitted across the RF parts of the communication channel are protected by encrypted data. So security procedures are fairly similar. They both use AES128 so you've got a certain level of security available to you within your system. Just like we have in Laura you can use any of the big IOT players for doing your data analytics and storage and things like that. So SIGFOX will integrate nicely with Azure cloud so all the information that you send up to the SIGFOX network you can route directly to Azure and then you log into your Azure platform to get all your data once it's been analyzed and stored and whatever else you need to do. It also integrates nicely with the Amazon Web Services so again depending on who you're using as your cloud provider you can use Amazon and they've got lots of other partners as well so IBM, Chariots, Thingwort, Cumulosity again. So there's plenty of certified cloud partners that SIGFOX already worked with so you don't have to be worried that there's nobody out there to manage all your data that you've got. So this is a nice overview slide. So this one will show you a comparison between the two different protocols. So I'm not here to say that yes, which one's good, which one's bad because everybody's application is going to be different. So potentially both of them can be just as good or both of them can be just as bad or if you might decide you don't want to install infrastructure therefore SIGFOX could be better. So really as well as these parameters you've also got to think about the business model. So SIGFOX is a global network. So the infrastructure has been installed if you're fortunate enough to be in the country where it's already been installed so therefore you don't have to worry about installing gateways and things like that. With Laura, the benefit of Laura is means you can have your private network or you can use a public network if somebody's been an installed one for you. So again you've got to decide that. If you choose a private network then you don't have to pay for transmitting data across it. If you use SIGFOX then you have to register, get a SIGFOX ID and depending on the volume of data will depend on how much SIGFOX potentially could charge you. So the different business models are the other thing to take into consideration as well as these parameters here on this overview slide. So it really will depend on what you're doing, how much data, how you want to view the data, where in the world the data is going to come from and that will help you in your decision between SIGFOX and Laura. Now we're going to do a demonstration on SIGFOX. So you can see here I've already logged into the SIGFOX domain so to be able to do a SIGFOX demonstration you have to be a member of a SIGFOX because you need an IP address programmed into your target node and you get these from the SIGFOX people. Because we don't have a SIGFOX network here where we are today I am using a SIGFOX gateway which is this rather large steel lump of metal and this is doing exactly the same as our multi-tech gateway which is doing for the Laura network. So it's converting the signals and then sending it over a 4G network back to the SIGFOX central servers. So I'm not actually hardwired in on Ethernet to the SIGFOX network. I'm transmitting it 4G and then over to their network in that particular solution. So the backhaul part is irrelevant for what we're doing. All you need to be is to be able to see a SIGFOX gateway somewhere wherever you're wanting your device to go. So now inside my Laura Discovery board I've now programmed a SIGFOX demo with my unique SIGFOX registration ID and if I now click on Devices in my SIGFOX back-end portal I will see all the ST SIGFOX devices that we have registered. So if I scroll down the list we can see all of our SIGFOX devices and when they were last logged in to the network. So my particular board has got address ending C3 so I was last logged in on the 21st of November as when I was doing a demonstration. So if I now click on my node itself I will be able to see all the different information about my node and if I click on Messages I can see the last few messages that I transmitted over the network. So the software package that we have installed in the SIGFOX demo is basically the AT Command demo similar to what we had inside our Laura one. So I will need a terminal window now and I will connect to my board so I'm com 68 9600 board same as we had with our Laura AT Command demo and if I type in AT my board is communicating with me okay there. So I should be able to transmit messages now so I can communicate with my board I have my SIGFOX gateway in the same room so I should be able to talk to my SIGFOX gateway. So if I now type in AT dollar which is what I need to send a message in the SIGFOX terms so SF is then for SIGFOX so if I change my message to be 20 21 22 and then comma 1 and if I hit enter so I've got a library error there so what I'm sending isn't correct as you can see in the background my message has already been received by the backend system so you can see it came fairly quickly and 21 22 is my payload as you can see there in the backend screen and the comma 1 means I'm waiting for reply but because I got an error on my transmission I'll probably get some very interesting comments back from the SIGFOX side when it ever decides to reply so again it'll take a while there we go so I've received a message doesn't mean much but that's because obviously my software demonstration there of that payload is probably actually sending rubbish out in the first place so I don't know what 20 21 and 22 in ASCII is actually sending me so I've got a very interesting reply back but you can see now that 1503 which is the correct time on the 19th of the 12th which is today's date I did see my message and you saw it ping back so if I was connected to a public network then I could click on this address location and it would go and show me where I actually was at the time of sending that message so if I think if I try one of these older messages which I did when I was in a different country could not be determined yet so it can't actually figure out because I'm on my SIGFOX gateway that's local to me it doesn't have a geographical location available to it so if I try one of there this one might have a location if I remember rightly there we go so that was the one that was done in Copenhagen in Denmark so Copenhagen has a very good coverage of signals from SIGFOX so it's well covered by the SIGFOX network and you can see there to prove that I was actually in Copenhagen when I did that particular test so you can see various informations about where you were located at the time so I'm assuming this in the SIGFOX terms will be like the true location part which is part of SEMTEX software within the Laura protocol