 Rocket tombs are pretty widespread in the central Mediterranean, so as Mariellies are shown in their nice map, they're all over the place. So Sardinia in that sense is not so original, we have lots of rocket tombs, also time they are clustered together in symmetries. But one particularity of Sardinia is that there are lots of decorated rocket tombs. They have quite a complex internal architecture with a lot of different spaces and rooms, and many of them are actually supposed to imitate interiors of houses or buildings. So that's why they are locally called Domuseiana, which means house of the fairies. Right, so in the last 25 years or even in the last 50 years, a lot of research has been done in these rocket tombs in Sardinia. Most of them are focused on the internal parts of these monuments, so lots of surveys, typological classifications and studies, excavations of course. And here you see a picture of an ongoing project by my colleague Maria Grazamellies from the University of Sassari. So it's a lot of work being done, but paradoxically a little attention has been paid to their landscape context. I said paradoxically because for the later period in Sardinia where you have the neurologic powers, lots of GIS studies or more spatial analysis have been done. But for the rocket tombs, despite the fact that there are so many of them and they are crying for spatial analysis, so nothing has been really done in a very systematic or quantitative way so far. And in a way it's a missed opportunity to address important questions, because when you look at the landscape context of the tombs you can ask why they were created in these specific locations. So Maria Grazamellies for example were showing some maps with the settlements and the locations of the tombs. But if we exclude just the settlements from now, and if you walk in these landscapes in Sardinia you see a lot of road faces that were suitable for rocket tombs. But the rocket tombs were made slightly elsewhere in other locations. Why were the tombs made there and not there? So whether there were any cosmological implications, is it due to orientation or proximity to big mountains or big rivers, there might be some kind of specific attributes that need to be identified. And then of course there's all the questions of the connection with the settlements. So whether the settlements were closed by or far away. And these links, the only thing that interests me here is all these social relationships between the dead and their living house. We can see them through this landscape relationship between the settlements and the village. So how the dead were perceived and whether they were perceived as for example dangerous entities or maybe important entities for daily life decisions. So you would probably place a date in different locations in the landscape to reflect or to enable this particular type of social relationship with your dead relative. So of course there are lots of challenges and the main challenge for this kind of study if we focus on the settlements themselves is that they are very elusive. So we don't know much about the contemporary settlements for the pre-neurogic period in Sardinia. It's partly due to the fact that the landscape is very eroded so we don't have many standing structures in Sardinia for the period. But probably also for lack of systematic research, systematic survey trying to identify evidence for settlements in the surrounding. And so for the period, so for the pre-neurogic Sardinia, most of the evidence we have for settlements are mostly in the southern part of the island where we have not so many rocket tomb sites. So if you want to study the relationship between the rocket tombs and their contemporary settlements you basically have to get the information by yourself. And that's what we try to do in a project based in Ossi in northwest Sardinia over the last three years. And we picked up this area for one good reason is that in this particular area of Ossi you have an important concentration of cemeteries. So there you can see on this map there are like four main groups. And at the beginning we had a big project to do a lot of survey around all of them but we had to focus on one particular site which I'm going to focus now which is called Mezhu and Montes. Mezhu and Montes is the name of that particular rocket tomb cemetery which is shown in red here. It's quite a big cemetery. It has 18 rocket tombs. It's been known for many years. And Macri Gerudas has done some preliminary survey in the mid 90s in the region. But of course we wanted to do something different than to again try to do a detailed survey and try to look up the relationship with the landscape and the settlement. So we did different things. We did 3D recording of all the tombs. We're using photogrammetry and the objective was not just to create a nice documentation of the architecture and the decoration because many of these tombs are wall decorations as you can see in this image. It was also to have very accurate georeference plans of each of these tombs in order to check things for example like orientation of these monuments in the landscape. And I'll go back to this point later. So we recorded the tombs, we recorded the topography because it's quite complex and interesting topography we have here. So we've just done some drone photogrammetry, again georeference using a GPS so there's kind of standard methodology today. Just to create a topographic map like this one and I wonder if I can use the... Just to present briefly the topography here we have a big here, the Montemama with almost all the tombs being located on the same rock cliff on the edge of this mountain. And then you have a small valley and another high plateau here called Montemanu where you have one isolated tomb here which is also typologically different from the other one. Typologically it looks like it belongs to an earlier phase of the rock tomb tradition in Sardinia. So that's for the topography and the tomb orientation is something interesting. When you look at the literature what you find most of the time is that the tombs are in generally orientated to the southeast part of the landscape which is traditionally interpreted as a cosmographical perception as the rising sun being important for the regeneration of the dead and so on. But what we notice here is that in that particular site the orientation of the tomb may vary from one tomb to another. When I speak of orientation it's something quite easy to check because all these monuments tend to be very linear in design. They have several spaces, several rooms that are separated by small rectangular windows or doorways. So if you just look through this alignment of doorways you can have an idea of where the tomb is actually looking at in the landscape. So if you imagine this kind of central axis of the tombs and then you look at some of them have interestingly built, some of these tombs are interestingly built, not exactly perpendicular to the rock face which would be the simplest solution if you want to develop your rock tomb in the available rock. So there may be a different explanation for this but it looks like it's a deliberate choice to follow one specific orientation which is not determined by I would say practical reasons. And then if you look at the general map of orientation of these tombs, so they are placed in different ways but they tend to converge to this big top hill which is called Mount Immanuel which I presented before. This is the one with this isolated tomb here. So I'll go back to this and that leads into the third objective of this project which was to retrieve evidence for sediment in this particular site. And I just skip this because of course you can do GIS predictive analysis as a preliminary exercise. But the best way to do this is to do systematic survey and in this case we have the GPS we call every single piece of pottery or flint and we ended up with nice concentration maps which basically are showing the same things. So all the pottery, all the flints, all the oxygen are concentrated on the top and on the wet and slope of this Mount Immanuel. So if you look at the overall picture we have a nice pattern with all the tombs converging towards the Mount Immanuel where you almost certainly had the sediments contrary with the symmetry. And of course now we have to develop this hypothesis. So there are other evidence for sediment here. You have some structural remains post holes, old stone structures that needs to be excavated and dated. And in terms of chronology just based on the stone pottery, the pottery we found on the surface we have quite a wide range of chronology. We have shirts that are from the Middle Neolithic which is fitting with the probably the first period of use of the site for the symmetry because we have this tombah pozzetto which is typical from the Middle Neolithic in Sardinia. And then we have more material from the Late Neolithic up to the Middle Bronze Age, which again corresponds to the later phase of use in the symmetry with this nice stelae, if I say, rocket tombs that were built in that period. I just want to mention that this last summer we have started excavation as well and based Mount Immanuel site which tends to confirm the hypothesis of this being a sediment site. So we found some architectural remains and some other pottery. We couldn't go very deep into the excavation because we were surprised by the good preservation of the context. So we mostly excavated the probably middle and ancient Bronze Age phases of the site. But that looks very promising. So to conclude about this landscape approach, it proves at least for this site to be a quite useful approach that may in a way change the way we see these rocket tombs or why they were built in these particular areas of the landscape. In this case at least that there is a very strong relationship, landscape relationship between the landscape position and the orientation of the tombs and the village of the living. So that brings interesting things. Again, if we try to interpret this socially, we have the village of the dead who are separated from the village of the living but the two are closely related. They are visually connected so that probably means that the dead were quite important to be visible on a kind of daily life basis in this and those societies. I suppose the next point would be to explore questions of architecture. So if we're lucky enough to find a lake-nurrific architecture, for example, with good plans of houses, it would be interesting to address whether the tombs that are imitating houses are actually imitating houses or more special buildings or other things. So that's me. Thank you very much for everything.